User contributions for Peysepar

10 December 2025

• 15:0115:01, 10 December 2025 diff hist −1,156 Fatima bint Muhammad (AS) No edit summary
• 14:5514:55, 10 December 2025 diff hist +7,109 N Fatima bint Muhammad (AS) Created page with "''Fatima bint Muhammad''' (Arabic: فَاطِمَة بِنْت مُحَمَّد, c. 605/615 – 632 CE), commonly known as '''Fatima al-Zahra''', was the youngest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his first wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid. She is venerated by all Muslims, with a status of particular spiritual and historical significance in Shia Islam, where she is considered an infallible figure and the mother of the Imams. Her marriage to Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muh..."
• 11:2511:25, 10 December 2025 diff hist +1 Islamic Ecumenism (Taqrīb): Historical Definitions and Evolution →20th Century: Institutionalization and the "Taqrīb Movement" current
• 09:0409:04, 10 December 2025 diff hist +1,613 N Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib Created page with "'''Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib''' (1886-1969) was a prominent Syrian Arab nationalist, journalist, and a leading Sunni polemicist against '''Shia Islam''' and the '''taqrib''' movement. A staunch defender of a '''Salafi'''-oriented orthodoxy, he used his editorial control over publications like the journal ''al-Fath'' and the ''al-Matba’a al-Salafiyya'' in Cairo to disseminate anti-Shia literature <ref>Commins, D. (1990). ''Islamic Reform: Politics and Social Change in Lat..." current
• 09:0009:00, 10 December 2025 diff hist +1,834 N Nikah mut'ah Created page with "'''Mut'a''', or temporary marriage, is a form of time-bound matrimonial contract in Islamic law. Its permissibility is derived from a '''Qur’anic verse (4:24)''' which mentions a "reward" given to women, interpreted by Shia scholars as sanctioning fixed-term marriage <ref>Haeri, S. (1989). ''Law of Desire: Temporary Marriage in Shi’i Iran''. Syracuse University Press.</ref>. In this contract, the duration and dowry are specified in advance, dissolving automatically u..." current
• 08:5708:57, 10 December 2025 diff hist +1,678 N Succession to Muhammad Created page with "The '''Succession to Muhammad''', known as the ''Saqifa'' event, is the foundational historical and theological rift between Sunni and Shia Islam. Following the Prophet Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, an immediate crisis emerged over the leadership of the nascent '''Muslim community (Ummah)'''. A gathering resulted in the selection of '''Abu Bakr''' as the first '''caliph (khalifa)''', a decision based on communal consensus <ref>Hazleton, L. (2009). ''After the Prophet: Th..." current
• 08:5308:53, 10 December 2025 diff hist +2,117 N Jamāʿat al-Taqrīb Bayn al-Madhāhib al-Islāmiyya Created page with "The '''Jamāʿat al-Taqrīb Bayn al-Madhāhib al-Islāmiyya''' (Society for the Rapprochement of Islamic Schools of Thought) was founded in Cairo in 1947 as the central institution of the 20th-century Islamic ecumenical movement. Its establishment signaled a shift from informal calls for '''Muslim unity''' to a structured, scholarly effort aimed at bridging the historical divide between '''Sunni and Shia''' Islam <ref>Rizk, Y. (2013). Modern Islamic Ecumenism: A Historic..." current

9 December 2025

• 15:0815:08, 9 December 2025 diff hist +29 N Islamic History Peysepar moved page Islamic History to Islamic history current Tag: New redirect
• 15:0815:08, 9 December 2025 diff hist 0 m Islamic history Peysepar moved page Islamic History to Islamic history current
• 15:0515:05, 9 December 2025 diff hist +22 Template:Main page/Second featured article No edit summary
• 15:0415:04, 9 December 2025 diff hist −152 Template:Main page/Second featured article No edit summary
• 15:0115:01, 9 December 2025 diff hist −6 Islamic Ecumenism (Taqrīb): Historical Definitions and Evolution No edit summary
• 15:0015:00, 9 December 2025 diff hist −21 Islamic Ecumenism (Taqrīb): Historical Definitions and Evolution No edit summary
• 14:4814:48, 9 December 2025 diff hist +1,701 N Imamate in Shia doctrine Created page with "The '''Imamate in Shia doctrine''' is a fundamental theological tenet that distinguishes Shia Islam. It refers to the belief in a divinely appointed, sinless (''ma‘sum''), and infallible leader (Imam) who succeeds the Prophet Muhammad in all functions except receiving revelation <ref>Momen, M. (1985). ''An Introduction to Shi‘i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi‘ism''. Yale University Press.</ref>. For '''Twelver Shiism''', this line began with Imam ''..." current
• 14:1114:11, 9 December 2025 diff hist −1,461 Islamic Ecumenism (Taqrīb): Historical Definitions and Evolution No edit summary
• 14:0714:07, 9 December 2025 diff hist +8,914 N Islamic Ecumenism (Taqrīb): Historical Definitions and Evolution Created page with "'''Islamic Ecumenism (Taqrīb): Historical Definitions and Evolution''' '''Introduction: The Pursuit of Unity in a Diverse Tradition''' The narrative of Islam is deeply marked by its theological, juridical, and political diversity. Yet, running parallel to the history of sectarian division is a significant, though often overlooked, tradition of '''intra-faith dialogue''' and the pursuit of reconciliation. This modern conceptual strand is broadly termed '''Islamic ecume..."

8 December 2025

• 14:2314:23, 8 December 2025 diff hist +314 N Takfir Created page with "'''Takfīr''' refers to pronouncing another Muslim an unbeliever, often deepening sectarian conflict. Modern Taqrīb movements consistently reject takfīr as an obstacle to unity and a driver of extremism (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 14:2114:21, 8 December 2025 diff hist +351 N Najaf Created page with "'''Najaf''' is a central center of Shia learning, home to the Hawza and the shrine of Imam Ali. Scholars from Najaf contributed significantly to the jurisprudential depth of Taqrīb discussions with Sunni institutions during the 20th century (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 14:2014:20, 8 December 2025 diff hist +366 N Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i Created page with "'''Muhammad Husayn Tabataba’i''' was an influential Iranian philosopher and Quranic exegete whose theological dialogues in Cairo enriched the philosophical dimensions of Taqrīb. His engagement with Sunni scholars highlighted shared doctrinal foundations (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 14:0614:06, 8 December 2025 diff hist +348 N Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya Created page with "'''Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya''' was a Lebanese Shia scholar whose writings emphasized legal compatibility and mutual respect between Sunni and Shia traditions. His role in dialogue with Sunni institutions was central to mid-century Taqrīb (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 13:5013:50, 8 December 2025 diff hist +323 N Mahmud Shaltut Created page with "'''Mahmud Shaltut''' served as Grand Shaykh of al-Azhar and became one of the most important Sunni voices in Taqrīb. His 1959 fatwa validating Jaʿfarī jurisprudence remains a milestone in Sunni–Shia relations (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 09:4709:47, 8 December 2025 diff hist +383 N Al-Azhar University Created page with "'''Al-Azhar University''' is a globally influential Sunni institution whose scholars played key roles in Sunni–Shia ecumenical engagement. Although institutional positions varied, prominent Azhari scholars actively facilitated Taqrīb dialogues throughout the 20th century (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 09:4609:46, 8 December 2025 diff hist +321 N Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa Created page with "'''al-Urwa al-Wuthqā''' was a groundbreaking 1884 reformist journal promoting Muslim unity and awakening. It directly inspired the mid-20th-century journal ''Risālat al-Islām'' and the broader Taqrīb movement (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 09:4409:44, 8 December 2025 diff hist +363 N Islamic modernism Created page with "'''Islamic modernism''' sought to harmonize Islamic tradition with modern political, social, and scientific realities. Modernist scholars considered sectarian reconciliation a prerequisite for Muslim revival, influencing the spirit and purpose of Taqrīb (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 09:4309:43, 8 December 2025 diff hist −28 Muhammad Abduh No edit summary current
• 09:4209:42, 8 December 2025 diff hist −1 Nahda No edit summary current
• 09:4109:41, 8 December 2025 diff hist +16 Nahda No edit summary
• 09:4109:41, 8 December 2025 diff hist +332 N Nahda Created page with "The '''Nahda''' (“Arab Renaissance”) encouraged scientific, cultural, and intellectual renewal across the Arab world. Its reformist environment created fertile ground for later ecumenical projects, including Sunni–Shia rapprochement (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref>"
• 09:4009:40, 8 December 2025 diff hist +368 N Muhammad Abduh Created page with "'''Muhammad Abduh''' advanced theological reform, rational interpretation, and Muslim solidarity. His engagement with Sunni and Shia ideas laid the groundwork for future institutional dialogue such as the Cairo-based Taqrīb movement (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ________________________________________"
• 09:3309:33, 8 December 2025 diff hist +28 N Islamic Reform Peysepar moved page Islamic Reform to Islamic reform current Tag: New redirect
• 09:3309:33, 8 December 2025 diff hist 0 m Islamic reform Peysepar moved page Islamic Reform to Islamic reform current
• 09:2709:27, 8 December 2025 diff hist 0 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development No edit summary current
• 09:2509:25, 8 December 2025 diff hist −473 Template:Main page/First featured article No edit summary
• 09:2109:21, 8 December 2025 diff hist −4 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development No edit summary
• 09:1509:15, 8 December 2025 diff hist −2 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development No edit summary
• 09:1409:14, 8 December 2025 diff hist +25 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development No edit summary
• 09:0909:09, 8 December 2025 diff hist +68 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development No edit summary

7 December 2025

• 15:5315:53, 7 December 2025 diff hist 0 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development No edit summary
• 15:5015:50, 7 December 2025 diff hist 0 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development →Persistent Polemics
• 15:5015:50, 7 December 2025 diff hist 0 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development →Institutionalization of Taqrīb
• 15:4915:49, 7 December 2025 diff hist 0 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development →19th–Early 20th Century Reformism
• 15:3015:30, 7 December 2025 diff hist +368 N Jamal al-Din al-Afghani Created page with "'''Jamal al-Din al-Afghani''' was a central figure in Islamic revival and Pan-Islamic thought, advocating unity among Muslims to resist colonial pressures. His ideas significantly influenced later Taqrīb scholars who argued for overcoming sectarian barriers (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 15:2915:29, 7 December 2025 diff hist +388 N Pan-Islamism Created page with "'''Pan-Islamism''' is a political and intellectual movement calling for unity among Muslims across geographic and sectarian boundaries. It provided the ideological foundation for Sunni–Shia rapprochement by framing internal division as a key factor in Muslim political decline (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 15:2815:28, 7 December 2025 diff hist +406 N Islamic reform Created page with "'''Islamic reform''' movements of the 19th and 20th centuries sought renewal through reinterpretation of Islamic teachings in light of modern challenges. These reformists viewed sectarian division as a barrier to civilizational progress, directly influencing the formation of Taqrīb institutions (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References=="
• 15:2715:27, 7 December 2025 diff hist +443 N Islamic history Created page with "'''Islamic history''' encompasses the evolution of Muslim societies from the 7th century onward, including periods of unity, contestation, and intellectual transformation. Modern Taqrīb draws upon historical precedents of cooperation while addressing divisions that emerged through centuries of theological and political development (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References=="
• 15:2515:25, 7 December 2025 diff hist +472 N Shia Islam Created page with "'''Shia Islam''' centers on the belief in divinely guided Imams descended from the Prophet’s family, shaping distinct theological and jurisprudential traditions. Its clerical centers in Najaf and Qom significantly contributed to modern Taqrīb by engaging directly with Sunni scholars in institutional dialogue, especially within mid-20th-century Cairo (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==" current
• 15:2415:24, 7 December 2025 diff hist +16 Sunni Islam No edit summary current
• 15:2315:23, 7 December 2025 diff hist +579 N Sunni Islam Created page with "'''Sunni Islam''' is the largest branch of the Muslim community, emphasizing the authority of the early caliphs and the continuity of prophetic tradition through classical jurisprudential schools. Its scholars and institutions, especially those connected to Al-Azhar University, played foundational roles in the emergence of modern Taqrīb initiatives, shaping cross-sectarian religious dialogue throughout the 20th century (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islam..."
• 15:0315:03, 7 December 2025 diff hist +3 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development →External Links
• 15:0315:03, 7 December 2025 diff hist −5 Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development →External Links