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Ummah or Nation? Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society is a 1992 book by Abdullah al-Ahsan, a Pakistani historian and professor of Political Science and International Relations at Istanbul Şehir University (Wikipedia, 2026). The work examines the tension between Islamic universalism and modern nationalism in post-colonial Muslim societies, arguing that competing claims of loyalty to the ummah (global Muslim community) and to the nation-state have produced an identity crisis (Voll, 1993).Continue ...