Jump to content

Draft:Talha ibn Ubayd Allah

Add links
From Wikivahdat
Talha ibn Ubayd Allah
NameTalha
Other Names{{{other_names}}}
Personal Details
Birth PlaceMecca
Brith Datec. 600 CE (10 years before the Mission)
Death PlaceNear Basra, Battle of the Camel
Death Date656 CE (36 AH)
ReligionIslam

Talha ibn Ubayd Allah was a companion of the Prophet who, during the caliphate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), along with Zubayr ibn Awam, became the leaders of a major hypocrisy and the establishment of the Battle of the Camel. Talha is among the Ten Promised Paradise among Sunnis. However, his narration is not accepted by the Imamiyyah. Talha was the governor of Bayt al-Maqdis and Palestine during Uthman's time, but after Uthman he pledged allegiance to Imam Ali (peace be upon him) while harboring ambitions for leadership. However, when the Imam reached the caliphate and considered him like other people in the distribution of public treasury and waived special privileges for him, and his expectation for the governorship of Basra was met with opposition and prevention by the Imam (peace be upon him), he forgot his allegiance and under the pretext of avenging the blood of Uthman, along with Zubayr, opposed the Imam and broke their allegiance.


Biography of Talha

Talha ibn Ubayd Allah was from the clan of Banu Taym ibn Murrah, from the tribe of Quraysh, born less than 10 years before the Mission. His mother was Sa'bah bint Hadrami who lived during the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) and according to some accounts from Talha's family, she passed away as a Muslim[1].

Talha, according to historical sources, had seven wives and two concubines (umm walad); Hamnah bint Jahsh, the Prophet's cousin (peace be upon him and his progeny), Umm Kulthum daughter of Abu Bakr, Sa'di bint Awf, Khawlah bint Qa'qa', and Umm Harith bint Qasamah were some of them[2].


Conversion to Islam

Talha was inclined to Islam and converted by Abu Bakr[3]. According to another narration, a monk in Syria gave news of the appearance of a prophet named Ahmad son of Abd al-Muttalib to Talha, and after coming to Mecca, he converted to Islam along with Abu Bakr[4].

Talha and Abu Bakr, at the beginning of their conversion, were often tortured by Nawfal ibn Khuywaylid ibn Udwiyah or Uthman ibn Ubayd Allah, Talha's brother. According to narrations, Nawfal (or Uthman) would tie these two with a rope to prevent them from praying[5].

Talha ibn Ubayd Allah is among the migrants who, before the migration of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), went to Medina along with some of the Prophet's family[6]. and resided in the house of Habib ibn Asaf from Banu Harith ibn Khazraj.[7] According to a narration, during the migration, he brought two white garments for the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) and Abu Bakr from Syria, and the two wore the Syrian white garments and entered Medina[8].

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) in Mecca, established a bond of brotherhood between Talha and Zubayr ibn Awam[9] or Sa'id ibn Zayd[10] or Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) also after migration to Medina, between Talha and Ka'b ibn Malik[11]. or Abu Ayyub al-Ansari[12] or Ubayy ibn Ka'b[13] in the matter of the bond of brotherhood, established a pact of brotherhood.

Talha is among the narrators who has narrated a famous hadith from the Prophet based on which, the Prophet in response to the question of how to send blessings upon him, answered: Say: "Allahumma salli ala Muhammad wa ala Ali Muhammad kama sallayta ala Ibrahim innaka Hamid Majid wa barik ala Muhammad wa ala Ali Muhammad kama barakta ala Ali Ibrahim innaka Hamid Majid[14]." The persons who have narrated hadiths from him are his children: Yahya, Musa and Isa and also Qays ibn Abi Hazim, Ahnaf ibn Qays, Sa'ib ibn Yazid, Abu Uthman al-Nahdi and Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman[15].


Notes

  1. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamal min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, Vol. 10, p. 129
  2. ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 AH, Vol. 3, p. 160-161; Al-Baladhuri, Jamal min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, Vol. 1, p. 88 & 244, Vol. 10, p. 117 & 130; Ibn Hazm, Jamharat Ansab al-Arab, 1403 AH, p. 157
  3. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, Vol. 1, p. 251 & 252; Al-Mas'udi, Muruj al-Dhahab, Vol. 2, p. 277; Ibn Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, Vol. 2, p. 468
  4. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamal min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, Vol. 10, p. 115; Al-Bayhaqi, Dala'il al-Nubuwwah, 1405 AH, Introduction, p. 27; Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 1407 AH, Vol. 3, p. 29
  5. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, Vol. 1, p. 282; Ibn al-Jawzi, Al-Muntazam, 1412 AH, Vol. 5, p. 112; Ibn Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, 1409 AH, Vol. 2, p. 468
  6. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamal min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, Vol. 1, p. 269; Al-Maqrizi, Imta' al-Asma, 1420 AH, Vol. 1, p. 68-69
  7. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, Vol. 1, p. 477
  8. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, Vol. 1, p. 477
  9. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamal min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, Vol. 10, p. 61
  10. ↑ Al-Hashimi al-Baghdadi, Al-Muhabbar, Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah, p. 71
  11. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, Vol. 2, p. 764
  12. ↑ Ibn Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, 1409 AH, Vol. 2, p. 468
  13. ↑ Al-Hashimi al-Baghdadi, Al-Muhabbar, Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah, p. 73; Al-Baladhuri, Jamal min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, Vol. 1, p. 271
  14. ↑ Al-Maqrizi, Imta' al-Asma, 1420 AH, Vol. 11, p. 33
  15. ↑ Al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 AH, Vol. 3, p. 523

References

  • Al-Baladhuri. Jamal min Ansab al-Ashraf. 1417 AH.
  • Ibn Sa'd. Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra. 1410 AH.
  • Ibn Hisham. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah. Dar al-Ma'rifah.
  • Al-Mas'udi. Muruj al-Dhahab.
  • Ibn Athir. Usd al-Ghabah.
  • Al-Bayhaqi. Dala'il al-Nubuwwah. 1405 AH.
  • Ibn Kathir. Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah. 1407 AH.
  • Ibn al-Jawzi. Al-Muntazam. 1412 AH.
  • Al-Maqrizi. Imta' al-Asma. 1420 AH.
  • Ibn Abd al-Barr. Al-Isti'ab. 1412 AH.
  • Al-Hashimi al-Baghdadi. Al-Muhabbar. Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah.
  • Al-Dhahabi. Tarikh al-Islam. 1413 AH.

Talhah during the time of the Prophet

Talhah ibn Ubayd Allah was inclined towards Islam by Abu Bakr and became a Muslim. According to another narration, a monk in Syria gave news of the emergence of a prophet named Ahmad son of Abd al-Muttalib to Talhah, and after coming to Mecca, he became a Muslim along with Abu Bakr[1].

Talhah is among the migrants who went to Medina before the Hijrah of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), along with some of the Prophet's family (peace be upon him and his progeny), and resided in the house of Habib ibn Asaf from Banu Harith ibn Khazraj. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) in Mecca, established a Bond of Brotherhood between Talhah and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam[2] or Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.

Talhah is among the narrators who have transmitted a famous narration from the Prophet regarding how to send blessings upon him. Based on this, the Prophet answered the question of how to send blessings upon him by saying: "Say: Allahumma salli ala Muhammad wa ala Ali Muhammad kama sallayta ala Ibrahim innaka Hamid Majid wa barik ala Muhammad wa ala Ali Muhammad kama barakta ala Ali Ibrahim innaka Hamid Majid"[3].

Talhah was not present in Medina during the Battle of Badr, and the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) had sent him and Sa'id ibn Zayd towards Syria for reconnaissance. He returned to Medina after the Battle of Badr concluded and approached the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) to request his share of the spoils of this battle, and the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) allocated a share of the spoils to him[4]. He was present in the Battle of Uhud and according to some narrations showed bravery. He was wounded in this war and some of his fingers became disabled.

After the defeat of the Muslims at the end of the Battle of Uhud and the spread of the rumor of the Prophet's (peace be upon him and his progeny) death, he, along with some Muhajirun and Ansar, withdrew from the battle[5]. Some sources have also considered Talhah among the few who remained steadfast near the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) after the Muslims fled following the Quraysh attack in the middle of the battle.

Some exegetes regarding the occasion of revelation of verse 53 of Surah Al-Ahzab have said: Following Talhah's statement -that if the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) passes away I will marry his women (and he meant Aisha)- this verse was revealed which, while rejecting this notion, considered it causing harm to the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) and a great sin[6].

Talhah and Participation in the Killing of Uthman

Talhah was among the besiegers of Uthman's house in the year 35 AH (656 CE), for which he insisted greatly, and was among those who prevented water from entering Uthman's house; until Imam Ali (peace be upon him), upon becoming aware of this action, became angry and thereafter permitted the entry of water skins into Uthman's house[7]. According to Ibn A'tham, Talhah along with a man from Banu Taym besieged Uthman's house, after Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) intervention in this matter, Talhah and his companion withdrew from besieging the house[8].

Talhah is accused of killing the Third Caliph in the incident of Uthman's killing, for which there is evidence; including:

  • Uthman, during the siege of his house, considered Talhah responsible for the opposition and introduced him as the main instigator of the revolt against the Caliphate[9].
  • Al-Ya'qubi names Talhah alongside Zubayr and Aisha as the main instigators of the people to kill the Third Caliph.
  • His son Muhammad also considered him a partner in Uthman's killing.
  • Marwan ibn Hakam stated the reason for killing Talhah in the Battle of Jamal was that no one strove more than Talhah to kill Uthman.

Talhah's Breaking of Allegiance and the Battle of Jamal

Talhah was the first person who pledged Allegiance to Imam Ali (peace be upon him) after Uthman's killing, and since his hand was paralyzed, a man from Banu Asad considered his allegiance ominous[10]. After a short while, he broke this allegiance and, along with Zubayr and Aisha, set out for Basra to form an army against Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and started the Battle of Jamal[11].

With the entry of Talhah and Zubayr into Basra, Abdullah ibn Hakim Tamimi, by revealing his letters aimed at inciting and gathering an army against Uthman, expressed surprise at Talhah's demand for blood vengeance for the Third Caliph; but he replied today I find nothing correct except repentance and demanding Uthman's blood[12]. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in this war described Talhah as the most deceitful person and mentioned him alongside Zubayr, Aisha, and Ya'la ibn Munyah as the most stubborn enemies.

Marwan ibn Hakam at the beginning of the war or after the flight of the Jamal army soldiers and the revelation of their defeat, shot an arrow towards Talhah which hit his knee and he died due to this arrow. He was buried beside a water river in Basra[13]. It is said he was 64 or 62 years old at the time of death.

Notes

  1. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamil min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 10, p. 115; Al-Bayhaqi, Dala'il al-Nubuwwah, 1405 AH, Introduction, p. 27; Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 1407 AH, vol. 3, p. 29
  2. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, vol. 2, p. 561
  3. ↑ Al-Maqrizi, Imta' al-Asma, 1420 AH, vol. 11, p. 33
  4. ↑ Al-Mas'udi, Al-Tanbih wa al-Ishraf, Dar al-Sawi, p. 205
  5. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, researched by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, vol. 2, p. 517
  6. ↑ Al-Durr al-Manthur, vol. 6, p. 643; Majma' al-Bayan, vol. 7-8, p. 574
  7. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamil min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 5, p. 561
  8. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamil min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 5, p. 561
  9. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, researched by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, vol. 4, p. 379
  10. ↑ Ibn Khayyat, Tarikh Khalifah, 1415 AH, p. 108
  11. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamil min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 2, p. 229 and 230
  12. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamil min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 2, p. 229 and 230
  13. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Jamil min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 2, p. 246-247, vol. 6, p. 257

Status of Talha among Sunnis

Talha holds a high status among Sunnis and is considered one of the Ten Promised Paradise, meaning the ten people who were given glad tidings of Paradise by the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny). He possesses attributes such as Talha al-Khayr and Talha Fayyad and is considered one of the twenty Companions who issued fatwas. He is among the great narrators from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) from whom people such as his sons:

  • Yahya and Musa
  • Qays ibn Abi Hazm
  • Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Rahman
  • Malik ibn Abi Amir

narrated from him[1]. Also, Talha is counted alongside:

  1. Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib
  2. Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, Ali (peace be upon him)
  3. Abu Bakr
  4. Umar ibn al-Khattab
  5. Abu Ubayda al-Jarrah
  6. Uthman ibn Affan
  7. Uthman ibn Maz'un
  8. Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf
  9. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
  10. Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

as one of the twelve Hawari (disciples) of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)[2].

Shrine of Talha ibn Ubayd Allah

The grave of Talha, a Companion of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), is located east of the city of Zubair, among the ruins of old Basra, and the building over it was constructed in the year 624 AH (1227 CE) by Amir Shams al-Din Batkin, during the period of Al-Mustansir Abbasid[3]. According to Ibn Battuta, the grave of Talha in the city of Basra, in the seventh century, was a shrine and had a dome and sanctuary and was attended by people, and next to it, there was a zawiya where food was given to travelers[4].

The shrine of Talha consists of a square domed building on the eastern side of which there is a new mosque. This mosque was built by the Waqf Ministry of Iraq in the year 1393 AH - 1973 CE. Its facade is square-shaped, with each side measuring ten meters, above which there is a round dome, and there is also a portico connected to the mosque, ten meters long and two meters wide[5].

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Al-Isabah, 1415 AH, Vol 3, p 430
  2. ↑ Baghdadi, Al-Munammaq, 1405 AH, p 423; Basawi, Al-Ma'rifah wa al-Tarikh, 1401 AH, Vol 2, p 535-536
  3. ↑ Al-Mashahid Dhat al-Qibab al-Makhrutah fi al-Iraq, p 64
  4. ↑ Rihlat Ibn Battuta, Vol 2, p 14; Maraqid al-Ma'arif, Vol 1, p 419
  5. ↑ Tarikh Masajid al-Basra, p 77
Retrieved from "https://en.wikivahdat.com/w/index.php?title=Draft:Talha_ibn_Ubayd_Allah&oldid=4081"