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- 14:21, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Najaf (Created page with "'''Najaf''' is a central center of Shia learning, home to the Hawza and the shrine of Imam Ali. Scholars from Najaf contributed significantly to the jurisprudential depth of Taqrīb discussions with Sunni institutions during the 20th century (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 14:20, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (Created page with "'''Muhammad Husayn Tabataba’i''' was an influential Iranian philosopher and Quranic exegete whose theological dialogues in Cairo enriched the philosophical dimensions of Taqrīb. His engagement with Sunni scholars highlighted shared doctrinal foundations (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 14:06, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya (Created page with "'''Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya''' was a Lebanese Shia scholar whose writings emphasized legal compatibility and mutual respect between Sunni and Shia traditions. His role in dialogue with Sunni institutions was central to mid-century Taqrīb (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 13:50, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Mahmud Shaltut (Created page with "'''Mahmud Shaltut''' served as Grand Shaykh of al-Azhar and became one of the most important Sunni voices in Taqrīb. His 1959 fatwa validating Jaʿfarī jurisprudence remains a milestone in Sunni–Shia relations (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 09:47, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Al-Azhar University (Created page with "'''Al-Azhar University''' is a globally influential Sunni institution whose scholars played key roles in Sunni–Shia ecumenical engagement. Although institutional positions varied, prominent Azhari scholars actively facilitated Taqrīb dialogues throughout the 20th century (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 09:46, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa (Created page with "'''al-Urwa al-Wuthqā''' was a groundbreaking 1884 reformist journal promoting Muslim unity and awakening. It directly inspired the mid-20th-century journal ''Risālat al-Islām'' and the broader Taqrīb movement (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 09:44, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islamic modernism (Created page with "'''Islamic modernism''' sought to harmonize Islamic tradition with modern political, social, and scientific realities. Modernist scholars considered sectarian reconciliation a prerequisite for Muslim revival, influencing the spirit and purpose of Taqrīb (Brunner, 2004).<ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 09:41, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Nahda (Created page with "The '''Nahda''' (“Arab Renaissance”) encouraged scientific, cultural, and intellectual renewal across the Arab world. Its reformist environment created fertile ground for later ecumenical projects, including Sunni–Shia rapprochement (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref>")
- 09:40, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Muhammad Abduh (Created page with "'''Muhammad Abduh''' advanced theological reform, rational interpretation, and Muslim solidarity. His engagement with Sunni and Shia ideas laid the groundwork for future institutional dialogue such as the Cairo-based Taqrīb movement (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ________________________________________")
- 09:33, 8 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Islamic Reform to Islamic reform
- 15:30, 7 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (Created page with "'''Jamal al-Din al-Afghani''' was a central figure in Islamic revival and Pan-Islamic thought, advocating unity among Muslims to resist colonial pressures. His ideas significantly influenced later Taqrīb scholars who argued for overcoming sectarian barriers (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 15:29, 7 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Pan-Islamism (Created page with "'''Pan-Islamism''' is a political and intellectual movement calling for unity among Muslims across geographic and sectarian boundaries. It provided the ideological foundation for Sunni–Shia rapprochement by framing internal division as a key factor in Muslim political decline (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 15:28, 7 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islamic Reform (Created page with "'''Islamic reform''' movements of the 19th and 20th centuries sought renewal through reinterpretation of Islamic teachings in light of modern challenges. These reformists viewed sectarian division as a barrier to civilizational progress, directly influencing the formation of Taqrīb institutions (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 15:27, 7 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islamic History (Created page with "'''Islamic history''' encompasses the evolution of Muslim societies from the 7th century onward, including periods of unity, contestation, and intellectual transformation. Modern Taqrīb draws upon historical precedents of cooperation while addressing divisions that emerged through centuries of theological and political development (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 15:25, 7 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Shia Islam (Created page with "'''Shia Islam''' centers on the belief in divinely guided Imams descended from the Prophet’s family, shaping distinct theological and jurisprudential traditions. Its clerical centers in Najaf and Qom significantly contributed to modern Taqrīb by engaging directly with Sunni scholars in institutional dialogue, especially within mid-20th-century Cairo (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century. Brill.</ref> ==References==")
- 15:23, 7 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Sunni Islam (Created page with "'''Sunni Islam''' is the largest branch of the Muslim community, emphasizing the authority of the early caliphs and the continuity of prophetic tradition through classical jurisprudential schools. Its scholars and institutions, especially those connected to Al-Azhar University, played foundational roles in the emergence of modern Taqrīb initiatives, shaping cross-sectarian religious dialogue throughout the 20th century (Brunner, 2004). <ref>Brunner, R. (2004). Islam...")
- 14:46, 7 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Taqrīb (Islamic Rapprochement): Concept, History, and Institutional Development (Created page with "'''Taqrīb''' (Arabic: التقريب; “rapprochement” or “bringing closer”) refers to modern intellectual and institutional efforts to reduce doctrinal and sectarian distance among Muslim communities, particularly between Sunni and Shia schools of thought. Although unity themes exist across Islamic heritage, scholars note that formalized, structured rapprochement is largely a '''modern''' development shaped by reform movements, pan-Islamic activism, and 20th-cen...")
- 11:00, 3 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Bruegel — EU economics / policy to Bruegel
- 10:57, 3 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Bruegel — EU economics / policy (Created page with "Bruegel, the Brussels-based think tank specializing in European and global economic policy, has established itself as a preeminent voice in shaping EU policy debates since its founding in 2005. Conceived as a European counterpart to influential Anglo-Saxon institutions like the Peterson Institute for International Economics, Bruegel’s mission is to produce “independent, fact-based research on economic policy” with the aim of “improving economic policy” in Europ...")
- 14:57, 1 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page European Council on Foreign Relations (Created page with "The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), founded in 2007, is a transnational European think tank focused on developing coherent and effective European foreign policy. It publishes research on global strategy, regional security, multilateralism, migration, and Muslim-majority regions. ECFR has become one of Europe’s most cited foreign-policy think tanks, known for its networked structure across EU capitals (Balfour, 2012).<ref>Balfour, R. (2012). The European T...")
- 08:55, 29 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Hudson Institute (Created page with "Founded in 1961, the Hudson Institute is one of the United States’ most enduring conservative policy think tanks, known for its influence in national security, geopolitics, and ideological debates concerning Islam, political Islam, and Muslim-majority countries. Its research is widely used in congressional testimony, policy briefings, and media analysis, making it an important—though sometimes controversial—node in U.S. policy networks. == 1. Identification & Meta...")
- 15:02, 26 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Created page with "The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is a globally recognized independent institute dedicated to research on international security, conflict, arms control, and peacebuilding. Founded in 1966 and headquartered in Solna, Sweden, SIPRI has become one of the world’s most authoritative sources of open-source data on military expenditure, arms transfers, and global conflict trends (SIPRI, n.d.-a).<ref>SIPRI. (n.d.-a). About SIPRI. https://www.sipri.o...")
- 11:17, 25 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page International Institute for Strategic Studies (Created page with "= International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) = The '''International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)''' is a leading global think tank specializing in defence, security, and strategic studies. Founded in 1958, it has become internationally recognized for its analyses of military capabilities, geopolitical trends, and regional security dynamics.<ref name="IISSAbout">{{cite web |title=About IISS |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=International Institute...")
- 11:04, 25 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Draft:Atlantic Council to Atlantic Council over redirect
- 11:04, 25 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs deleted redirect Atlantic Council by overwriting (Deleted to make way for move from "Draft:Atlantic Council")
- 15:45, 23 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Atlantic Council to Draft:Atlantic Council
- 15:45, 23 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Atlantic Council (Created page with "The '''Atlantic Council''' is one of the most visible Washington think tanks specializing in foreign policy and transatlantic cooperation. Since its founding during the Cold War, the Council has expanded into a global policy institution engaging across security, geopolitics, energy, digital governance, and regional studies. Its work increasingly spans regions such as the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia, including research on Islam, Islamic law, and Muslim-majority so...")
- 11:25, 22 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs) (Created page with "{{Infobox organization | name = Royal Institute of International Affairs | native_name = Chatham House | abbreviation = Chatham House | formation = 1920 | type = Think tank / charity | status = Registered charity (No. 208223) :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} | headquarters = 10 St James's Square, London, England :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1} | region_served = Global | membership = ~6,000 (approx.) :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2} | l...")
- 09:11, 18 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page International Crisis Group (Created page with "The International Crisis Group (ICG) is a globally recognized conflict prevention organization that combines rigorous, in field analysis with targeted policy advocacy. Since its founding in 1995, ICG has deployed political analysts to conflict and fragile regions around the world in order to generate nuanced reports, early-warning bulletins, and recommendations directed at governments, multilateral organizations, and civil society actors (International Crisis Group, 2000...")
- 15:40, 16 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Draft:The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan to The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan over redirect
- 15:40, 16 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs deleted redirect The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan by overwriting (Deleted to make way for move from "Draft:The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan")
- 14:16, 16 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Institute for Social Policy and Understanding (Created page with "The Institute for Social Policy and Understanding (ISPU) has emerged as one of the most influential U.S.-based research organizations dedicated to the empirical study of American Muslim communities. Founded in the early 2000s, ISPU occupies a distinctive niche at the intersection of social science, public policy, and community engagement. Its work is characterized by recurring national surveys—most notably the American Muslim Poll—as well as policy toolkits, issue an...")
- 14:52, 11 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan to Draft:The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan
- 11:27, 11 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan (Created page with "== Overview == The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies (CMENAS) at the University of Michigan is an interdisciplinary hub that supports teaching, research, and public outreach on the peoples, histories, languages, and cultures of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). CMENAS hosts lecture series and events, supports visiting scholars, and administers undergraduate and graduate programming to promote deeper understanding of the region across campus and w...")
- 11:47, 5 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Draft talk:The Institute of Ismaili Studies to Talk:The Institute of Ismaili Studies
- 11:47, 5 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Draft:The Institute of Ismaili Studies to The Institute of Ismaili Studies over redirect
- 11:47, 5 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs deleted redirect The Institute of Ismaili Studies by overwriting (Deleted to make way for move from "Draft:The Institute of Ismaili Studies")
- 09:40, 5 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Draft talk:The Institute of Ismaili Studies (Created page with "thumb|The Institute of Ismaili Studies '''The Institute of Ismaili Studies''' (IIS) is a leading international academic institution dedicated to the study of Islam, with a particular focus on its Ismaili and other Shiʿi traditions. Established in 1977 in London, it operates as an independent entity, promoting scholarship and learning about Muslim cultures and societies, both historical and contemporary. The IIS is best known...")
- 13:03, 4 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page The Institute of Ismaili Studies to Draft:The Institute of Ismaili Studies
- 11:50, 1 November 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page The World Organization for Resource Development and Education (Created page with "'''The World Organization for Resource Development and Education''' (WORDE) is a U.S.-based non-profit organization focused on countering violent extremism (CVE) and promoting cross-cultural understanding. It operates on a community-policing model, bringing together civil society leaders, religious figures, law enforcement, and mental health professionals to build resilience against radicalization (WORDE, n.d.-a). The organization is known for its practical, on-the-groun...")
- 09:34, 28 October 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page The Middle East Centre at the London School of Economics (Created page with "'''The Middle East Centre (MEC) at the London School of Economics''' and Political Science (LSE) is a premier academic institution dedicated to the advanced study of the contemporary Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It serves as a central hub for interdisciplinary research, world-class teaching, and public engagement, bridging the gap between academia and policy. The Centre is built upon LSE's long-standing reputation for social science excellence and provides...")
- 18:17, 20 October 2025 Nazarzadeh talk contribs created page Template:Iran (Created page with "{{navbox |name = Iran |title = 30px|Iran flag Iran | titlestyle = background-color: #6cff8f; | groupstyle = background-color: #9dffb4; co lor: white; font-size:90%; | evenstyle = background-color: #eaffef; |group1 = کارگزارن مشهور |list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup | groupstyle = background-color: #d1ffdc; co lor: white; font-size:90%; | evenstyle = background-color: #eaffef; font-size:90%; | liststyle = text -a...")
- 19:26, 4 October 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Abdolazim Hasani (Created page with " '''Abdolazim Hasani,''' known as Shah Abdulazim and Seyyed al-Karim, is one of the scholars of the Sadat Hasani (It means the preophet’s descendants)and one of the narrators of Hadith. His lineage reaches Imam Hassan Mojtaba (peace be upon him) through four intermediaries. He is considered a pious man, known for his trustworthiness, honesty in speech, knowledge of religious affairs, belief in the principles of the Shiite religion, and a traditionist. Sheikh Sadooq ha...") Tag: Visual edit
- 10:42, 28 September 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Abbas Ibn Abdul Mottaleb (Created page with "'''Abbas Ibn Abdul Mottaleb''' was the son of Abdul Mottaleb and his nickname was Abul Fadl. His mother was Noutayleh, the daughter of Jenab Ibn Kalib, the first woman to cover the Kaaba with silk and fine silk cloth. He was born in Mecca three years before the Ammolfil( Year of the Elephant). His father was a prominent figure in Mecca. After his father's death, Abbas inherited important positions in Mecca, including: watering the pilgrims and constructing the Masje...") Tag: Visual edit
- 15:16, 23 September 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Saheb Ibn Ebad (Created page with "'''Saheb Ibn Ebad'''; "Abu al-Qasem Ismail Ibn Ebad (326-385 AH)" was a Shiite scholar and one of the ministers of the Buyid dynasty. == Birth and early education == Abu al-Qasem Ismail Ibn Ebad, son of Ebad, nicknamed Saheb and known as Saheb Ibn Ebad, was born in Isfahan in 326 AH. Saheb's father and ancestors were among the elders and prominent figures of Isfahan and held the rank of minister. His father, Ebad, had reached such a position that people called him "S...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:47, 20 September 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Sheikh Mofid (Created page with "'''Sheikh Mofid''' by the name of Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Nu'man (336-413 AH), known as Sheikh Mofid, is a prominent Shiite scholar. He is a pioneer in compiling Shiite theology and the principles of Imami jurisprudence.One of the things that shows his high position among Shiite scholars is that he was honored to receive three letters (Towqi') from the Imam Mahdi (may Allah hasten his return) in three years. Sheikh Mofid trained great students, including Seyyed Mo...") Tag: Visual edit
- 16:07, 31 August 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Salman Farsi (Created page with " '''Salman Farsi''' was born into an influential Zoroastrian family in the village of Jey, a suburb of Isfahan. His father named him "Roozbeh". The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) called him one of his own (Ahl al-Bayt) and he became known as Salman Muhammadi. His father was a Zoroastrian clergyman , the head of the village of Jey, and one of the richest men in the area. He was a fanatical and ardent fire worshipper, and since he had a fire temple, the peopl...") Tag: Visual edit
- 16:32, 20 August 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Saeed Ibn Mosayyeb (Created page with "'''Saeed Ibn Mosayyeb''' Ibn Hazan Makhzoomi was one of the seven jurists of Medina and a prominent companion of Imam Ali Ibn al-Hussein (a.s.). Saeed Ibn Mosayyeb remained a follower of the Ahl al-Bayt (Peace be upon them) until the end of his life. There is some disagreement about the dates of his birth and death. According to historians, he was born in 15 AH and died in 94 or 95 AH. The year of his death is called the Year of the Foqaha) jurists ),because many pious...") Tag: Visual edit
- 13:07, 17 August 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Saeed Ibn Qeys Hamdani (Created page with "S'''aeed Ibn Qeys Hamdani''' was a companion of Imam Ali and Imam Hassan (peace be upon them). == Saeed's clan and tribe == He was from the clan of Bani Zeyd Ibn Marb, from the Yemeni tribe of Hamdani in Iraq, and was the chief of this tribe . [1][2] Ibn Haek Hamdani,Hassan Ibn Ahmad.(1987). Alaklil; men a'khbar al- Yaman vaAnsabhemyar,vol.10, Beirut:Dar-Almanahel. == Saeed was a close companion of Imam Ali == According to Fadl ]bn Shadhan’s narration, Toosi...") Tag: Visual edit
- 11:54, 13 August 2025 Rahmani talk contribs created page Saeed Ibn Jobayr (Created page with "'''Saeed Ibn Jobayr''' was one of the famous and important figures of the early days of Islam and was one of the Tabe’in ( Tabe'in are Muslims who have met and also have accompanied, one or more of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), but did not see the Prophet (PBUH) himself). That is, he has not seen the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) but has seen the companions of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him). His full name is Saeed Ibn Jobayr I...") Tag: Visual edit