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[[File:Ummah Or Nation (Book).jpg|frameless|right]]
[[File:Al-muraja'at.jpg|frameless|right]]
'''''Ummah or Nation? Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society''''' is a 1992 book by Abdullah al-Ahsan, a Pakistani historian and professor of Political Science and International Relations at Istanbul Şehir University (Wikipedia, 2026). The work examines the tension between Islamic universalism and modern nationalism in post-colonial Muslim societies, arguing that competing claims of loyalty to the ''ummah'' (global Muslim community) and to the nation-state have produced an identity crisis (Voll, 1993).[[Ummah Or Nation? Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society (book)|'''Continue ...''']]</span>
'''''Al-Muraja'at''''' (Arabic|المراجعات), "The Referendums" or "The Written Consultations"), also translated as '''''The Right Path''''', is a foundational [[Islamic]] text comprising a series of letters exchanged between the Lebanese [[Twelver Shia]] scholar [[Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi|Sayyid 'Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi]] and Shaykh Salim al-Bishri, the [[Grand Imam of al-Azhar|Grand Imam]] of [[Al-Azhar University]], the foremost seat of [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] learning in the early 20th century (Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi, 2022). Written between 1913 and 1914, the work is widely regarded as a landmark in modern [[Pan-Islamism|ecumenical]] discourse, systematically addressing theological and historical points of divergence between the two major [[Islamic schools and branches|Muslim sects]] through a respectfully argued, [[source criticism|source-critical]] methodology (American University of Beirut Libraries, n.d.).[[Al-Muraja'at (book)|'''Continue ...''']]</span>

Revision as of 09:43, 31 May 2026

Al-Muraja'at (Arabic|المراجعات), "The Referendums" or "The Written Consultations"), also translated as The Right Path, is a foundational Islamic text comprising a series of letters exchanged between the Lebanese Twelver Shia scholar Sayyid 'Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi and Shaykh Salim al-Bishri, the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar University, the foremost seat of Sunni learning in the early 20th century (Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi, 2022). Written between 1913 and 1914, the work is widely regarded as a landmark in modern ecumenical discourse, systematically addressing theological and historical points of divergence between the two major Muslim sects through a respectfully argued, source-critical methodology (American University of Beirut Libraries, n.d.).Continue ...