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Demographics, concentration, and life
Demographics, concentration, and life
Historical population
Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1854 3 —   
1871 13 +333.3%
1901 47 +261.5%
1921 478 +917.0%
1931 645 +34.9%
1971 33,430 +5082.9%
1981 98,165 +193.6%
1991 253,265 +158.0%
2001 579,640 +128.9%
2011 1,053,945 +81.8%
2013 1,153,677 +9.5%
Note:[5]


The majority of Canadian Muslims live in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, there were 424,925 Muslims living in the Greater Toronto Area equalling 7.7% of the total metropolitan population.[6] It consists of people especially a large number of Muslims of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Indian, Iranian and Egyptian/Arab descent. Greater Montreal's Muslim community was 221,040[7] in 2011 or nearly 6% of the total metropolitan population which includes a highly diverse Muslim population from Western/Southern Europe, Caribbean, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Canada's national capital Ottawa hosts many Lebanese, South Asian and Somali Muslims, where the Muslim community numbered approximately 65,880 or 5.5% in 2011.[8] In addition to Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal, nearly every major Canadian metropolitan area has a Muslim community, including Vancouver (73,215), where more than a third are of Iranian descent, Calgary (58,310), Edmonton (46,125), Windsor (15,575), Winnipeg (11,265), and Halifax (7,540). In recent years, there has been rapid population growth in Calgary and Edmonton because of the booming economy.[1]  
The majority of Canadian Muslims live in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, there were 424,925 Muslims living in the Greater Toronto Area equalling 7.7% of the total metropolitan population.[6] It consists of people especially a large number of Muslims of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Indian, Iranian and Egyptian/Arab descent. Greater Montreal's Muslim community was 221,040[7] in 2011 or nearly 6% of the total metropolitan population which includes a highly diverse Muslim population from Western/Southern Europe, Caribbean, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Canada's national capital Ottawa hosts many Lebanese, South Asian and Somali Muslims, where the Muslim community numbered approximately 65,880 or 5.5% in 2011.[8] In addition to Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal, nearly every major Canadian metropolitan area has a Muslim community, including Vancouver (73,215), where more than a third are of Iranian descent, Calgary (58,310), Edmonton (46,125), Windsor (15,575), Winnipeg (11,265), and Halifax (7,540). In recent years, there has been rapid population growth in Calgary and Edmonton because of the booming economy.[1]  
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The fertility rate for Muslims in Canada is higher than the rate for other Canadians (an average of 2.4 children per woman for Muslims in 2001, compared with 1.6 children per woman for other populations in Canada).[10][11]  
The fertility rate for Muslims in Canada is higher than the rate for other Canadians (an average of 2.4 children per woman for Muslims in 2001, compared with 1.6 children per woman for other populations in Canada).[10][11]  
There are a plethora of Halal/Zabihah restaurants across Canada, and many are located in the Greater Toronto Area. In Toronto alone, there are more than 400 Halal/Zabihah restaurants[12]  
There are a plethora of Halal/Zabihah restaurants across Canada, and many are located in the Greater Toronto Area. In Toronto alone, there are more than 400 Halal/Zabihah restaurants[12]  
Table 1: Muslim Population of Canada in 1991,[5] 2001, and 2011[13]
 
Province  
Table 1: Muslim Population of Canada in 1991, 2001, and 2011
Muslim 1991 % 1991 Muslim 2001 % 2001 Muslims 2011 % 2011  
 
  Ontario  
Province Muslim 1991 % 1991 Muslim 2001 % 2001 Muslims 2011 % 2011
145,560 1.4% 352,530 3.1% 581,950 4.6%  
  Ontario 145,560 1.4% 352,530 3.1% 581,950 4.6%
  Quebec  
  Quebec 44,930 0.6% 108,620 1.5% 243,430 3.1%
44,930 0.6% 108,620 1.5% 243,430 3.1%  
  Alberta 31,000 1.2% 49,045 1.7% 113,445 3.2%
  Alberta  
  British Columbia 24,925 0.7% 56,220 1.4% 79,310 1.8%
31,000 1.2% 49,045 1.7% 113,445 3.2%  
  Manitoba 3,525 0.3% 5,095 0.5% 12,405 1.0%
  British Columbia  
  Saskatchewan 1,185 0.1% 2,230 0.2% 10,040 1.0%
24,925 0.7% 56,220 1.4% 79,310 1.8%  
  Nova Scotia 1,435 0.1% 3,550 0.4% 8,505 0.9%
  Manitoba  
  New Brunswick 250 0.0% 1,275 0.2% 2,640 0.3%
3,525 0.3% 5,095 0.5% 12,405 1.0%  
  Newfoundland and Labrador 305 0.0% 630 0.1% 1,200 0.2%
  Saskatchewan  
  Prince Edward Island 60 0.0% 195 0.1% 660 0.5%
1,185 0.1% 2,230 0.2% 10,040 1.0%  
  Northwest Territories 55 0.1% 180 0.5% 275 0.7%
  Nova Scotia  
  Nunavut – – 25 0.1% 50 0.2%
1,435 0.1% 3,550 0.4% 8,505 0.9%  
  Yukon 35 0.1% 60 0.1% 40 0.1%
  New Brunswick  
  Canada 253,265 0.9% 579,640 2.0% 1,053,945 3.2%
250 0.0% 1,275 0.2% 2,640 0.3%  
  Newfoundland and Labrador  
305 0.0% 630 0.1% 1,200 0.2%  
  Prince Edward Island  
60 0.0% 195 0.1% 660 0.5%  
  Northwest Territories  
55 0.1% 180 0.5% 275 0.7%  
  Nunavut  
– – 25 0.1% 50 0.2%  
  Yukon  
35 0.1% 60 0.1% 40 0.1%  
  Canada 253,265 0.9% 579,640 2.0% 1,053,945 3.2%  
As the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees freedom of religious expression, Canadian Muslims face no official religious discrimination but have been victims of many hate crimes which have been increasingly going up. Learn more about Islamophobia in Canada.  
As the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees freedom of religious expression, Canadian Muslims face no official religious discrimination but have been victims of many hate crimes which have been increasingly going up. Learn more about Islamophobia in Canada.  
Under Section 2(a) of the Charter, the wearing of a hijab is permitted in schools and places of work, although Quebec has ruled that medical faculties are not required to accommodate Muslim women who wish to be served by female employees.[14] Religious holidays and dietary restrictions are also respected, but outside major urban areas it may be difficult to find halal food. It is also often difficult to observe Islamic rules against usury. Some Muslims in some parts of Canada have asked to have family dispute courts to oversee small family cases but were faced with rigorous opposition from both within the Muslim community (both conservative and liberal), and by non-Muslim groups.[15][16]  
Under Section 2(a) of the Charter, the wearing of a hijab is permitted in schools and places of work, although Quebec has ruled that medical faculties are not required to accommodate Muslim women who wish to be served by female employees.[14] Religious holidays and dietary restrictions are also respected, but outside major urban areas it may be difficult to find halal food. It is also often difficult to observe Islamic rules against usury. Some Muslims in some parts of Canada have asked to have family dispute courts to oversee small family cases but were faced with rigorous opposition from both within the Muslim community (both conservative and liberal), and by non-Muslim groups.[15][16]  
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