Khadijah bent Khowaylad
Khadijah bent Khowaylad was the wife of the Prophet Muhammad and the mother of Fatimah Zahra (peace be upon her). This high-ranking lady played an unparalleled role in the history of Islam in spreading the religion of monotheism and supporting the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his family). From the pure womb of this great lady of the world of humanity, a precious daughter named Fatimah Zahra (peace be upon her) was born, from whom the descendants and lineage of the last prophets have flowed.
And that noble lady can be called the mother of the Ahlul Bayt; those whom the Holy Prophet of Islam called hypocrisy and said: Whoever has an enemy against us,means the Ahlul Bayt, is a hypocrite[1].He also said:I am leaving among you two things; as long as you hold fast to them, you will never go astray: the Book of Allah and my family (Ahlul Bayt). They will not separate from each other until they enter upon me at the fountain of Kauthar(in the heaven)[2].It is also narrated from the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) that he said: The stars are a protection for the people of heavens, and my Ahlul Bayt are a protection for my nation [3].
Birth and birthplace
Khadijah bent Khowaylad,was the daughter of Khowaylad ibn Asad ibn Abdul Ozza ibn Qosayy, and she was born in Mecca fifteen years before the Year of Amolfil( Year of the Elephant). Her father, Khowaylad ibn Asad, was a nobleman of the Qoraysh and a member of the Bani Asad ibn Abdul Ozzi (one of the Qoraysh clan), and her mother was Fatimah, the daughter of Zaedah ebne Assam[4].
His cousin, Waraqah ibn Noofel ibn Asad, was also a wise man endowed with knowledge and wisdom during the pre-Islamic era and was considered one of the good men of his time[5].
Marriage to the Holy Prophet
When the Holy Prophet of Islam reached the age of 25, he married Khadijah; Khadijah (peace be upon her) was a merchant woman at that time and enjoyed great honor and wealth.
Khadijah (peace be upon her), had received the moral virtues of the Prophet of Islam, including his truthfulness, trustworthiness, and good character, and therefore she suggested to the Prophet of God, who was called Muhammad the Trustworthy (peace be upon him and his family) in the time before his mission, that they go to Syria with his trade group( caravan) for trade.
The Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family) accepted this offer, and Khadijah (peace be upon her) also sent her servant Maysarah on this trip. Upon returning to Mecca, Maysarah explained to the lady a glimpse of the Prophet's moral virtues and the elegance of his behavior.
After this event, the prophet, who was single at that time [6],and Khadijah (peace be upon her) had become fascinated by the noble conduct and heavenly morality of Muhammad Amin (peace be upon him and his family),so ahe sent a message to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): "O cousin, I have become attracted to you because of your closeness and kinship, your honor and position among the Qoraysh people, as well as your trustworthiness, good character and truthfulness." The lady then proposed marriage to the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family).
The Prophet of Islam also discussed this matter with his uncles, especially his uncle Abu Talib, and this blessed marriage took place, and Khadijah, the great lady of history, achieved the honor of being the wife of the Prophet of Islam; the Prophet, who had chosen the lady as his wife, loved her.
And he always respected that noble lady and did not choose another wife as long as he was alive. All the children of the Prophet of Islam, except Ibrahim, were born to Khadijah (peace be upon her)[7].
The first Muslim woman
After the Prophet of Islam attained the status of prophethood in the fortieth year of the Year of Amolfil( Year of the Elephant), and the angel of revelation descended upon him, and the world was illuminated by the light of prophethood,by the last of the Prophets, his wife Khadijah (peace be upon her) was the first woman to believe in the message of the trustworthy Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family), and according to the consensus of historians, she is the first woman to convert to Islam.
In this regard, a Sunni scholar” Nesaei “ narrated from a man named Afif: At the beginning of the Prophet's mission, I came to the city of Mecca to trade and buy clothes and perfume for my family. In Mecca, I went to Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet's uncle, who was one of the great merchants of Mecca, and while I was sitting next to him, I saw a young man come and he looked up at the sky and stood in front of the Kaaba. A little later, I saw a young man standing to the right of the young man, and then I saw a woman standing behind them. When the young man bowed, the young man and the woman did the same.
I said: O Abbas, this is a wonderful and great scene! Abbas also said: Yes, it is. Do you know who that man is? I replied: No. He said: He is Muhammad bin Abdullah (peace be upon him and his family). Do you know who that young man is? He is Ali, the son of my brother... Do you know who that woman is? She is Khadijah, the daughter of Khowaylad, his (the Prophet's) wife.
My nephew has informed me that his Lord is the God of the heavens and the earth… I swear by God, I do not know anyone on earth who is steadfast and committed to this religion except these three people [8].
Yes, Khadijah, the wife of the Prophet, was the first Muslim woman and enjoyed a high position with God and the Prophet of Islam. She was beloved by the Prophet of God. Even after his death, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) mentioned her a lot, praised her, and spoke well of her[9].
The Messenger's praise of the lady
It is narrated from the Holy Prophet of Islam: “The best women in the world are Maryam bent Imran, Asiyah bent Mozahem, Khadijah bent Khowaylad, and Fatimah bent Muhammad[10] .”
It is also narrated from the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family) that in honor of the high position of his faithful wife Khadijah Kobra, he said: She believed in me when people denied me and spent her wealth in my mission and in spreading Islam and supporting the oppressed and needy among the new Muslims, especially during the time of the presence of the Bani Hashem in the valley of Abu Talib; while people were withholding from me[11].Abdullah ibn Abbas, who was considered one of the prominent students of the school of revelation, also stated in this regard: “The best and most exalted women of Paradise are Khadijah, daughter of Khowaylad, Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad, Maryam, daughter of Imran, and Asiyah, daughter of Mozahem "[12].
Verses about Khadijah
Khadijah was the most experienced Muslim woman and had the greatest virtue among the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family). Therefore, all the verses that speak of believers, their status before God, and their good end can be applied to Hazrat Khadijah and she can be considered an example of them.
As the Moqarreboon means who is "close to Allah " in the interpretation of the verses: And those who were before, the former * Those who are close [ Surah Vaqeah(events) 10 and 11],it is said that Moqarreboon they are : the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) , Khadijah and Ali ibn Abi Talib and their descendants who join them.
Also, in the interpretation of the Meccan verse: “And the living people and the dead are not equal... [Fatir-22];” Khadijah has also been considered an example of “revival” (living people).Aban ibn Taghlab asked Imam Sadiq (a.s.) about the revelation of the verse:
and who pray: "O our Sustainer! Grant that our spouses and our offspring be a joy to our eyes, and cause us to be foremost among those who are conscious of Thee!"and the Imam said about this verse : “We are the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.).
It has also been narrated from others that "our wives" is Hazrat Khadija, "our offspring" is Hazrat Fatima (peace be upon her), "the apple of our eyes" are Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) and Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), and what is meant by "and made us leaders for the righteous" is Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him).
Abu Saeed also narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) that he asked Gabriel about the meaning of "our wives", and Gabriel mentioned Khadijah (peace be upon her) in response.God refers to the Prophet's (peace be upon hin and his family) needlessness after poverty:
“And found thee in want, and given thee sufficiency?”[Dhuha-8], and many commentators have written in the commentary of "So I became rich" that the Prophet was freed from poverty with Khadijah's wealth
Following the revelation of the Prophet's secret by some of his wives and the Prophet's being offended by them (Hafsah and Aishah), verses from Surah At-Tahrim were revealed: [At-Tahrim-5] ] Meaning: Perhaps by divorcing you, God will give the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) better wives than you, from widows or virgins. Some commentators have applied this verse to Khadijah in their interpretation of widows.
While Khadijah had passed away during the Meccan period,and this verse and its revelation date back to the Medinan period, so the meaning is that by divorcing you, God will grant the Prophet the same status in Paradise as Khadijah.
The Death of Khadijah
Finally, this noble and high-ranking lady, who devoted her life to serving the most beloved of God's people and the noblest of divine prophets, defending the truthfulness of Islam, spreading the divine religion, and rejecting polytheism and idolatry, passed away in Mecca at the age of 64 years and a few months[13].
Year of sorrow
Abu Talib, the Prophet's dear uncle, and Khadijah (peace be upon her) daughter of Khowaylad died within a short time of each other, three years before the migration to Yathrib (the city of the Prophet) and about eight months after leaving the valley of Abu Talib. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) called this year, during which he lost two of his closest and dearest family members, the Year of Sorrow[14]. ; Abu Talib ibn Abdul Muttalib, the uncle of the Prophet of Islam, who was called Sayyed al-Batha, Sheikh of Qoraysh, and the ruler of Mecca, also passed away in the same year as Khadijah passed away at the age of over 80, leaving the Prophet alone by so many problems. Then, God prepared the situation for the migration of the Prophet and the Muslims to Medina, and with this blessed migration, a new chapter in the history of Islam was opened. (See: Divan Abu Talib, Uncle of the Prophet).
Summary of Biography
Khadijah is considered one of the greatest and most famous women in the Islamic world and showed great self-sacrifice in the cause of spreading the religion of monotheism and is the first woman to accept Islam. The lineage of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his family) also passed through this high-ranking lady and she was the mother of the Prophet of Islam's children.
The virtues of this distinguished and chaste lady are beyond words. She is a good example( model) for all women around the world.
References
- ↑ Al-Maqrizi, Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Ali.(1980). The Virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them),Researcher:Ashour, Muhammad Ahmad, Cairo: Al-Etesam
- ↑ Soyooti,Jalaluddin.(2000). Revival of the Dead with the Virtues of the Ahl-Bayt ( Household) (peace be upon them).Tehran;Ahlul Bayt World Assembly
- ↑ Ibid.,
- ↑ On the Virtues of the Mothers of the Believers.(2006).Kuwait:Almebrah
- ↑ Sharif Qorashi, Baqir.(2016). Mother of the Faithful, Lady Khadija,( peace be upon her),Qom: Dar al-Tahdheeb.
- ↑ According to historical evidence, Khadijah, daughter of Khowaylad, had been married twice before marrying the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family). Once, she married Abu Haleh bin Zorarah, which resulted in the birth of sons named Haleh and Hend. This marriage did not last long and Abu Haleh died. Subsequently, Khadijah, daughter of Khowaylad, married a man named Atiq bin A'edh Makhzoomi, from whom she also had a daughter named Hend. (See: Mother of the Faithful, Lady Khadija,( peace be upon her).
- ↑ Shalaby, Mahmood.(1992). The Life of the Mother of Believers Khadijah (peace be upon her), Beirut:Dar Al-Jil,the name of the mother of Ibrahim ibn Rasulullah (peace be upon him and his family) was Mariyeh Coptic.
- ↑ Al-Nesai ,Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb. (2003). Khasaes Amir Almomenin (peace be upon him), Characteristics of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS) ,Qom:Bustan Kitab.
- ↑ On the Virtues of the Mothers of the Believers.(2006).( Fi Fadha’il Ummahatol Mu’minin), Kuwait:Almebrah
- ↑ Tabarsi, Fadl ibn Hasan.(1996). A'lam al-Wara Le-A'lam al-Hoda, vol. 1, Qom:Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) Foundation for the Revival of Heritage .
- ↑ Qarmani, Ahmad ibn Yusuf.(1992). Akhbar al-Dowal wa Athar al-Awwal, (News of Countries and the Works of the First ) Vol. 1, (On the virtues of Khadijah, Mother of the Believers, may God be pleased with her).Beirut: Alam Al-Kotob.
- ↑ Godini,Muhammad Javad.( 2018).Chehel Hadith(Forty Hadith) of the Fada’il of Hazrat Zahra (S), (Forty hadith on the virtues of Lady Fatima Zahra) (peace be upon her)Tehran :Nazari publications.
- ↑ Ibid.,
- ↑ Azizian, Mahmood.(2017). Khadija (peace be upon her) is the mother of Kowthar(Hazrat Fatimah Zahra),Qom:Mehr Amir Al-Momenin.