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Zayd ibn Arqam
File:Zayd ibn Arqam.jpg
NameZayd ibn Arqam
Personal Details
Birth PlaceMedina
Death PlaceKufa
Death Date65 AH or 66 AH or 68 AH
ReligionIslam

Zayd ibn Arqam Ansari Khazraji is the son of Zayd ibn Qays ibn Nuʾman ibn Malik Ansari Khazraji. There is much disagreement regarding his kunya; some consider him Abu Saʿd, while others, like Haytham, consider him Abu Anisa, and there are also narrations from Al-Waqidi regarding him with the kunyas Abu Amr, Abu Amir, and Abu Saʿid. He was very close to Abdullah ibn Rawaha, to the extent that before the Battle of Muʿtah, Abdullah ibn Rawaha composed poems describing the desire for martyrdom, and Zayd wept. Suddenly, Abdullah became upset, struck Zayd with a whip, and said: Woe to you! I wish to become a martyr and you are weeping! He then recited a poem in praise of Zayd.


Lineage and Kunya

He is Zayd ibn Arqam ibn Zayd ibn Qays ibn Nuʾman ibn Malik Ansari Khazraji[1]. There are differing opinions regarding Zayd's kunya in sources: Abu Saʿd, Abu Anisa, Abu Amr, Abu Amir, Abu Saʿida, Ibn Adi, Abu Amara, Abu Hamza, Abu Anis[2].


Conversion to Islam

He accepted Islam before reaching puberty. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) prevented him from participating in the Battle of Uhud due to his young age[3]. Zayd reported the conspiracy of the Hypocrites of Khazraj to betray the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), and God praised him in the Quran in Surah Al-Munafiqun[4]. With the migration of Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) to Kufa, he also went there and settled in the Kinda neighborhood. In a gathering where Ibn Ziyad insulted the severed head of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him), he spoke out in protest and enumerated their virtues. His death is mostly reported to be in the year 68 AH[5].


Zayd during the Prophet's Time (Peace be upon him and his progeny)

Zayd participated in nineteen battles, seventeen of which were Expeditions accompanied by the Messenger of God. The first expedition he participated in was the Expedition of Banu Mustaliq[6]. He did not attend Uhud and Badr due to his young age[7].

Zayd is the one who conveyed the hypocritical speech of Abdullah ibn Ubayy to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny). After "Abdullah ibn Ubayy" denied his inappropriate speech and insisted on the lie of "Zayd ibn Arqam" and swore an oath, and the elders of the Ansar supported him and attributed error and mistake in narration to "Zayd" due to him being a child. At this time, Surah Al-Munafiqun was revealed and recounted the inappropriate speech of "Abdullah ibn Ubayy" in that Surah: Template:Quran (Translation: They say: "If we return to Medina, the mightier will surely drive out the weaker therefrom." But honor belongs to Allah and His Messenger and to the believers, but the hypocrites do not know.)

And also: Template:Quran (Translation: They are the ones who say: "Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse...) God Almighty testified to the lies of the Hypocrites at the very beginning of the Surah and revealed the falsehood of their oaths, and drew His Messenger's attention that: The deceptive appearance of these hypocrites should not deceive you, and He commanded him: Your enemies are these hypocrites, beware of them, and do not believe their hypocritical speech.


The Three Caliphs

It is narrated from Fadl ibn Shadhan that Zayd ibn Arqam was among the first who turned to Imam Ali (peace be upon him) after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)[8].

Zayd, in the Saqifah incident, believed in supporting Imam Ali (peace be upon him), stating that if he were proposed for the succession of the Prophet, no disagreement would arise[9].


Caliphate of Imam Ali (Peace be upon him)

Zayd participated in the Battle of Siffin alongside Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and was among his special companions[10].

Some have said that in the Event of Rahba, when Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) asked the Companions to testify to what they had heard from the Prophet peace be upon him regarding the hadith "Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master"[11], Zayd did not testify and the Imam prayed that he become blind, and so it happened.

Sayyid Muhsin Amin writes that since such a narration has also come regarding Bara' ibn Azib, apparently the narrations attributing the concealment of testimony to Zayd are confused with Bara'; because many narrators have narrated the Hadith of Ghadir from Zayd. Moreover, Zayd is among those who considered Ali superior to others and was among his special companions[12].


Sermon of Ghadir

Zayd is among the narrators of the Hadith of Ghadir from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), and many narrators among reliable sources of Sunni including: Ahmad ibn Hanbal in Musnad, Al-Nasa'i in Al-Sunan al-Kubra and Khasa'is Amir al-Mu'minin, Al-Hakim in Al-Mustadrak have narrated this hadith from him with various chains of transmission[13].

Objection to Ibn Ziyad

Allameh Majlesi writes: It is narrated from Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Amr ibn Sahl that we were present in the court of Ibn Ziyad and observed that Ubaydallah was striking the eyes and lips of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) with his cane and insulting His Holiness; Zayd ibn Arqam was present; upon seeing this scene, he said: O Ibn Ziyad, put down your cane, for I saw the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) placing his blessed lips on these lips and mouth (and kissing them); then he wept loudly.

Here Ibn Ziyad said: O enemy of God! May God make your eyes weep! If you were not a senile old man who has lost his mind, I would surely strike your neck[14]!

Zayd said: Then let me tell you another story that is even more important than what I said, and it is that One day I saw the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) seating Hassan (peace be upon him) on his right knee and Hussein (peace be upon him) on his left knee; He placed his blessed hands on their heads and said: «أَللّهُمَّ إِنّی أسْتَوْدِعُکَ إیاهُما وَ صالِحَ الْمُؤمِنینَ»[15]; (O God, I entrust these two and the righteous believers to You.) Now say, what have you done with the Messenger of God's trust[16]?

According to Tabari's narration, Zayd ibn Arqam rose from Ibn Ziyad's court after this conversation and left[17]. When he went out, some people said: Zayd ibn Arqam uttered other words which, if Ubaydallah had heard them, he would surely have killed him. The narrator of this news says: I asked what he said?

They said: When Zayd passed by us, he said: «مَلِکَ عَبْدٌ حُرّاً; A slave has become the master of a free man»; Then he added: «یا مَعْشَرَةَ الْعَرَبِ! اَلْعَبیدُ بَعْدَ الْیوْمِ، قَتَلْتُمُ ابْنَ فاطِمَة وَ أَمَّرْتُمُ ابْنَ مَرْجانَة، فَهُوَ یقْتُلُ خِیارَکُم وَ یسْتَعْبِدُ شِرارَکُم، فَرَضیتُم بِالذُّلِّ، فَبُعْداً لِمَن رَضِی بِالذُّلِّ»؛ (O people of Arabia! After this day, you are slaves! You killed the son of Fatimah and made the son of Marjanah ruler. He is the one who kills your best men and enslaves your worst, so away with the mercy of God for whoever is satisfied with humiliation[18].)


The Head of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) on the Spear

Another narration is also reported from Zayd, who says: When the head of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) was passed before me in Kufa while it was on a spear, I was sitting in a booth. When it reached opposite me, I heard it saying: Template:متن قرآن (Translation: Did you think that the Companions of the Cave and Companions of the Raqim[sleepers of the inscribed tablet] were among Our signs a wonder?) So by God oath, the hair on my body stood up and I shouted: O son of the Messenger of God! By God, I swear! Your head is more wondrous and more wondrous[19].


Hadiths and Works

Zayd ibn Arqam is among the narrators who have mentioned Ali (peace be upon him) as the first to embrace Islam and considered him superior to others[20]. In addition to the Hadith of Ghadir[21], he is among the narrators of the Hadith of Kisa[22] as well. Nawawi writes: Zayd has narrated seventy hadiths from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), some of which are about the virtues of Ali (peace be upon him)[23]. Ahmad ibn Hanbal has reported his narrations, most of which are about the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)[24].


Death

The year of Zayd's death is disputed. Ibn Sa'd in Al-Tabaqat, Hakim in Al-Mustadrak, also in Al-Isabah and Usd al-Ghabah have said he died in Kufa in 68 AH. Some have considered his death in Kufa during the reign of Mukhtar in the year 66 Hijri and some 65 AH as the year of his death[25].


Footnotes

Template:پانویس


Sources

  1. Adapted from the website Zayd ibn Arqam Ansari Khazraji, Companion present in the court of Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad http://www.asrislam.com
  2. Adapted from the website Zayd ibn Arqam - Hadith Net http://hadith.net
  1. ↑ Al-Amin, Ayan al-Shia, vol. 7, p. 87; Al-Isaba, vol. 2, p. 487.
  2. ↑ Al-Amin, Ayan al-Shia, vol. 7, pp. 87-88.
  3. ↑ Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat: vol. 1, p. 199.
  4. ↑ Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat: vol. 1, p. 199.
  5. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra: vol. 6, p. 18, Al-Issti'ab: vol. 2, p. 109.
  6. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Issti'ab, vol. 2, p. 535.
  7. ↑ Rijal al-Tusi: p. 39, no. 239 and p. 64, no. 565 and p. 94, no. 933 and p. 100, no. 980, Rijal al-Barqi: p. 2, p. 7, Rijal al-Kashi: vol. 1, p. 182.
  8. ↑ Al-Tusi, Ikhtiyar Ma'rifat al-Rijal, vol. 1, pp. 177-182.
  9. ↑ Al-Amin, Ayan al-Shia, vol. 7, p. 88.
  10. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Issti'ab, vol. 2, p. 536.
  11. ↑ A'lam al-Wara bi-A'lam al-Huda, p: 133.
  12. ↑ Al-Amin, Ayan al-Shia, vol. 7, p. 88.
  13. ↑ Refer to: Al-Amini, Al-Ghadir, vol. 1, pp. 77-92.
  14. ↑ Sheikh Mufid has also narrated the conversation between Zayd and Ubaydallah up to this point in Al-Irshad (pp. 114-115) with slight differences in wording.
  15. ↑ Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 45, p. 118.
  16. ↑ Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 45, p. 118.
  17. ↑ In Bihar al-Anwar (Vol. 45, p. 117) it is stated: He left there while his voice was raised in weeping.
  18. ↑ Tarikh Tabari, Vol. 5, p. 456 and Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 45, p. 116.
  19. ↑ Al-Mufid, Al-Irshad, p. 117.
  20. ↑ Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, Ibn Abi al-Hadid: Vol. 4, p. 119.
  21. ↑ Al-Ghadir: Vol. 1, p. 29.
  22. ↑ Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, Ibn Abi al-Hadid: Vol. 3, p. 207.
  23. ↑ Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat: Vol. 1, p. 199.
  24. ↑ Musnad Ibn Hanbal: Vol. 7, p. 74.
  25. ↑ Al-Amin, A'yan al-Shi'ah, Vol. 7, p. 87.
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