Draft:Sayyid Ebrahim Raisi

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Sayyid Ebrahim Raisi was a politician, principlist, and Shia cleric who served as the eighth President of Iran from 1400 SH until 30 Ordibehesht 1403 SH. He was a representative and First Deputy Speaker of the Assembly of Experts. He was martyred in the "May Flight" when he traveled to East Azerbaijan to open the Qiz Qalasi Dam. On the return journey, the helicopter carrying him crashed in the Dizmar forest in the public area between Varzaqan and Jolfa. In addition to him, Mr. Sayyid Mohammad Ali Al-Hashem Imam of Friday Prayer of Tabriz, Hossein Amir-Abdollahian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Malek Rahmati Governor of East Azerbaijan, Sayyid Mehdi Mousavi Head of Presidential Protection Team and the flight crew, all of whom were on a mission to serve the people, were martyred.

Biography

Sayyid Ebrahim Raisi was born in Azar 1339 SH, in a clerical family in the city of Mashhad and in the Noghan neighborhood. His father was Hojjat al-Islam Sayyid Hajji Rais al-Sadati and his mother was Sayyidah Ismat Khodadad Hosseini, from the lineage of Sayyids Hosseini, and his lineage from both sides reaches Hazrat Zayd ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn. Sayyid Ebrahim lost his father at the age of 5. He completed elementary education at Javadieh School and began seminary studies at Nawab School and then at Ayatollah Mousavi Nezhad School. In 1354 SH, he went to Qom Seminary and Ayatollah Borujerdi School to continue studies and also studied for a while in a school administered under the supervision of Imam Khomeini managed by Ayatollah Pasandideh.

Teachers

Sayyid Ebrahim Raisi in Qom Seminary, studied Usul al-Fiqh with Ayatollah Marvi, Lum'ah with Ayatollah Fazel Herandi, Rasa'il with Ayatollah Mousavi Tehrani, Makasib Muharramah with Ayatollah Dozdoozani, Kitab al-Bay' Makasib with Ayatollah Khazali, Khiyarat Makasib with Ayatollah Setoudeh and Ayatollah Taheri Khorramabadi, and Kifayah with Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Mohaghegh Damad, Tafsir of the Holy Quran with Ayatollah Meshkini and Ayatollah Khazali, Sharh al-Manzumah and Philosophy with Ayatollah Ahmad Beheshti, and a course on Gnosis with Ayatollah Motahhari and Nahj al-Balagha with Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani. Sayyid Ebrahim Raisi studied Advanced Usul with Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Hassan Marashi Shoushtari and Ayatollah Hashemi Shahroudi, and Advanced Fiqh with Ayatollah Aqa Mojtaba Tehrani and Ayatollah Khamenei the Supreme Leader of the Revolution.

University Education

After completing the Seminary Surface level, he managed to enter the Master's program in Private Law and after defending his thesis titled "Inheritance Without Heir" in 1380 SH, upon passing the PhD entrance exam at Shahid Motahhari Higher School, he continued studies in Fiqh and Private Law. Dr. Sayyid Ebrahim Raisi, completing his research in Fiqh and Law, succeeded in obtaining the highest level seminary certificate (Surface Four) and finally defended his PhD thesis titled "Conflict of Principle and Appearance in Fiqh and Law" and achieved the degree of PhD in Fiqh and Law with an excellent grade. Raisi, following the insult to Imam Khomeini in Ettelaat newspaper on 17 Dey 1356 SH and the start of popular movements, participated in protest gatherings, most of which originated from Ayatollah Borujerdi School (Khan School), and acted within a nucleus of revolutionary seminary students. During this period, he pursued his struggle activities in the form of communication with revolutionary clerics released from prison or in exile. He also participated in gatherings such as the sit-in of clerics and seminarians at Tehran University. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, he participated in a specific training course held by the late Martyr Beheshti for cadre building to meet the managerial needs of the Islamic system. Following Marxist uprisings and creating various problems in Masjed Soleyman, he went to that region with a group of seminarians in the form of cultural activities. After returning from Masjed Soleyman, he established and managed the political-ideological complex of Zero-Two Training Camp in Shahroud for a short period.

Karaj Prosecutor

His entry into the field of management began in 1359 SH with his presence in the position of Deputy Prosecutor of Karaj county and after a while, by the decree of Martyr Qoddusi, he was appointed as Prosecutor of Karaj. His success in organizing the complex situation of this city caused that after two years in the summer of 1361 SH, simultaneously with the prosecutorship of Karaj city, he also undertook the responsibility of prosecutorship of Hamedan city. His simultaneous presence in these two responsibilities continued for a while until he was introduced as the Prosecutor of Hamedan Province and served in this position from 1361 SH to 1363 SH.

Marriage

He married Dr. Jamileh Sadat Alamolhoda, the eldest daughter of Ayatollah Seyyed Ahmad Alamolhoda, in 1362 at the age of 23. Dr. Alamolhoda is an associate professor in the Department of Educational Sciences Philosophy at Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, former head of the Research Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, and head of the Education Commission of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. Hojjat al-Islam Dr. Raisi and Dr. Alamolhoda have two daughters. Hojjat al-Islam Dr. Raisi, who places special emphasis on his own education and that of his family members, has an eldest daughter who is married and holds two master's degrees, one in social sciences from Al-Zahra University (peace be upon her) and the other in Quran and Hadith Sciences from the Hadith Sciences University of Rey, and his second daughter is also married and an undergraduate student in physics at Sharif University.

He was appointed as the Deputy of the Tehran Revolutionary Prosecutor in 1364, and thus, his judicial management period in Tehran began. Following his success in resolving complex judicial cases, امام خمینی appointed him through special and direct decrees to address social problems in some provinces including Lorestan, Kermanshah, and Semnan.

Tehran Prosecutor

After the demise of امام خمینی, he was appointed as Tehran Prosecutor by the decree of the then Head of the Judiciary and held this responsibility for five years from 1368 to 1373. He was appointed as the head of the General Inspection Office of the Country in 1373, and his service in this position continued until 1383. Hojjat al-Islam Dr. Raisi's management period at the General Inspection Office of the Country was a turning point in his life. Having experienced a national macro-management for ten years, relying on his accumulated experiences, he transformed and systematized the supervision of administrative bodies. During his tenure, the General Inspection Office of the Country underwent balanced structural development and was established as one of the supervisory pillars of the Islamic Republic system. This period, which coincided with the rise of the Reformist government, saw the identification of many knots in the administrative and economic system, and solutions to exit the context of corruption were formulated therein. Some controversial cases of economic corruption were the product of the round-the-clock activity of Hojjat al-Islam Dr. Raisi and his colleagues in this organization and during that period.

Hojjat al-Islam Dr. Raisi was the First Deputy of the Judiciary from 1383 to 1393, for ten years. Having experienced two heads of the judiciary in this position, as one of the senior judicial officials of the country, he undertook the responsibility of organizing and administratively managing this collection. And from 1393 until Esfand 1394, he also served as the Attorney General of the Country.

Special Prosecutor for Clergy

Raisi has been working as the Special Prosecutor for Clergy since 1391 to date by the decree of the Supreme Leader. He was also appointed as the Custodian of Astan Quds Razavi (peace be upon him) on 17 Esfand 94 by the decree of Ayatollah al-Uzma Khamenei and remains honored to serve in that exalted shrine to date.

It is worth mentioning that in 1376, he became a member of that council upon the proposal of some influential members of the Combatant Clergy Association, including Ayatollah Mahdavi Kani, and the approval of the central council of the Clergy Society.

Hojjat al-Islam Dr. Raisi was nominated in 1385 by the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom and the Combatant Clergy Association, and upon the recommendation of elites of South Khorasan Province, for membership in the fourth term of the Assembly of Experts, and was elected with more than 80 percent of the people's vote. Two years after joining this assembly, the Assembly of Experts selected him as a member of the Presidium.

Presence in the Assembly of Experts

Also, in the fifth term of the Assembly of Experts in Esfand 1394, he was elected for the second time as the representative of the honorable people of South Khorasan with a decisive majority of votes, and his membership in the Presidium continues.

Registration for Presidency

Dr. Raisi began a new period of his life in Farvardin 96 by registering as a candidate for the twelfth presidential election. Ayatollah Raisi, in addition to major country responsibilities, according to the repeated recommendation of Ayatollah Mahdavi Kani and Ayatollah Haj Aqa Mojtaba Tehrani regarding maintaining his educational connection with seminary students, has been engaged as an instructor in seminary schools of Tehran since 80 to date, including Madreseh Majd, Madreseh Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him), Madreseh Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), and Madreseh Marvi, teaching advanced seminary levels such as Rasa'il and Makasib, Kifayatayn and Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyyah, and after departing for Mashhad al-Muqaddas from the beginning of 1395, at Nawab Higher School, he engaged in teaching the subject of "Fiqh of Waqf".

Teaching at University

Ayatollah Dr. Raisi has taught specialized courses of Judicial Fiqh, Economic Fiqh, Principles of Fiqh, and Civil Law at the master's and doctoral levels at Imam Sadiq University (peace be upon him), Shahid Motahari Higher School, and Islamic Azad University.

Managerial and Political Background

Head of the Executive Branch of the Islamic Republic;
Head of the Judiciary of the Islamic Republic;
Custodian of the Astan Quds Razavi (peace be upon him);
Chief Prosecutor of the Special Clerical Court;
Member of the Board of Directors of the Assembly of Experts.
Attorney General of the Country;
First Deputy of the Judiciary for ten years;
Head of the General Inspection Organization of the Country for ten years;
Head of the Supervisory Council on Sound and Vision (IRIB);
Member of the Supreme Selection Council of the Country;
Tehran Prosecutor;
First Secretary of the Headquarters for Reviving Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil of the Country;
Islamic Revolution Prosecutor of Hamadan Province;
Founder of the Fatimah al-Zahra (peace be upon her) Seminary (for Sisters) in Tehran (Kuy-e Nasr);
Founder of the Imam Hadi (peace be upon him) Specialized Shi'a Studies Center under the supervision of the Qom Seminary;
Carrying out three special judicial missions in social fields in three different provinces by order of Imam Khomeini;
Membership in the Board of Trustees of the Imam Khomeini Execution Headquarters for ten years by the Supreme Leader.

Responsibilities by Virtue of Legal Position

Member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace;
Member of the Supreme Council of Standards;
Member of the Supreme Council of Oil;
Member of the Council for Development of the East and West of the Country;
Member of the Supreme Council of Money and Credit;
Member of the Headquarters for Combating Economic Corruption;
Member of the Headquarters for Combating Narcotics.

Speeches at International Conferences

Conference on Combating Administrative Corruption in the African Continent
Conference on Combating Organized Crime in Argentina
Conference on Administrative Health in Sochi, Russia
Human Rights Conference in Pakistan
Conference on the Role of Ashura in Social Developments – Istanbul, Turkey
Conference on the Implications of the Constitution in Preserving Human Rights – Nigeria
Conference on International Cooperation in Combating Corruption – China
United Nations Human Rights Conference – Geneva
Conference on Combating Administrative Corruption in the Philippines and Appointment as Deputy of General Inspectors of Asia
And dozens of other specialized sessions with the presence of officials from foreign countries

Academic Background

Level Four of Jurisprudence and Principles from the Qom Seminary;
PhD in Jurisprudence and Foundations of Law with a specialization in Private Law from Shahid Motahari Graduate School;
Teaching advanced level jurisprudential texts and rules of Judicial Jurisprudence and Economic Jurisprudence in Tehran seminaries and universities.

Works

To date, one course of his seminary lessons on the field of Rules of Jurisprudence has been written down in the form of three volumes titled Rules of Worship Jurisprudence, Rules of Judicial Jurisprudence, and Rules of Economic Jurisprudence, which were compiled by the elites of his lesson and published by Dadgostar Press since the year 90.

Published Books

Book of Transcriptions of the Lesson on Rules of Jurisprudence (Judicial Section);
Book of Transcriptions of the Lesson on Rules of Jurisprudence (Economic Section);
Book of Transcriptions of the Lesson on Rules of Jurisprudence (Worship Section).

Books Under Publication

Inheritance Without Heir in Jurisprudence and Law;
Conflict of Principle and Appearance in Jurisprudence and Law;
The Course of Transformation in Supervision and Inspection.

Presented Scientific Speeches

Multiplicity of Causes of Liability;
Corrupt Sale and Its Types;
The Concept of Mortgage (Rahn);
Efficient Management;
Effective Supervision;
Mutual Impact of Judicial and Economic Decisions;
The Position of Supervision and Inspection in Islam;
Justice and Its Impact on Lifestyle;
And dozens of scientific speeches in economic, managerial, social, and legal fields at universities and scientific centers and specialized seminars of ministries and organizations of the country.

Martyrdom

He traveled to East Azerbaijan to inaugurate the Qiz Qalasi Dam on 30 Ordibehesht 1403 SH. On the return journey, in the Dizmar forest in the public area between Varzaqan and Jolfa, the helicopter carrying him crashed, and in addition to him, Mr. Seyyed Mohammad Ali Al-Hashem Imam of Friday Prayer of Tabriz, Hossein Amir-Abdollahian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Malek Rahmati Governor of East Azerbaijan, Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi Head of the Presidential Protection Team, and the flight crew, all of whom were on a mission to serve the people, attained Martyrdom. Subsequently, funeral processions were held in Tabriz, Qom, and Tehran, and after the prayer led by Imam Khamenei at University of Tehran, and then transferred to the Summit Hall for condolences by heads of state and representatives of countries, and afterwards to Birjand and finally to Mashhad, and after a million-person funeral procession on the date 3/3/1403 SH, he was buried in the Dar al-Salam corridor of the shrine of Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (peace be upon him).

Message of Imam Khamenei After Martyrdom

The text of the condolence message by Leader of the Islamic Revolution is as follows:

بسم الله الرّحمن الرّحیم انا لله و انا الیه راجعون

With great sorrow and regret, I received the bitter news of the martyr-like demise of the mujahid scholar, the popular, competent, and hardworking President, servant of Imam Reza (AS), Hojjat al-Islam wal-Muslimin Mr. Haj Seyyed Ebrahim Raisi and his dear companions (May God be pleased with them).

This unfortunate incident occurred during a service effort; the entire period of this great and selfless human's responsibility, both during the short presidency and before that, was spent entirely in ceaseless effort to serve the people, the country, and Islam. "Dear Raisi did not know fatigue". In this bitter incident, the nation of Iran lost a sincere, devoted, and valuable servant. For him, the benefit and satisfaction of the people, which indicates divine satisfaction, was preferred over everything; thus, his distress from the ingratitude and taunts of some ill-wishers did not hinder his day-and-night effort for progress and reform of affairs. In this heavy incident, prominent figures such as: Hojjat al-Islam Al-Hashem, the popular and credible Friday Prayer Imam of Tabriz, Mr. Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the mujahid and active Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Malek Rahmati, the revolutionary and devout Governor of East Azerbaijan, and the flight crew and other companions also joined divine mercy. I declare five days of public mourning and offer condolences to the dear nation of Iran. Mr. Mokhber, according to Article 131 of the Constitution, will assume the management of the Executive Branch and is obliged to coordinate with the Heads of the Legislative and Judicial Branches to ensure that a new President is elected within a maximum of fifty days. In conclusion, I convey my sincere condolences to the dear mother of Mr. Raisi, his virtuous and noble wife, and other survivors of the President and the respected families of the companions, especially the honorable father of Mr. Al-Hashem, and ask for patience and consolation for them and divine mercy for the deceased.

Seyyed Ali Khamenei

Condolence Message of the Secretary-General of the Assembly of Approximation

The text of the message by Dr. Shariari, Secretary-General of the World Assembly of Approximation of Islamic Sects, is as follows:

«منَ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَیْهِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَضَی نَحْبَهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ یَنْتظِرُ وَمَا بَدَّلُوا تَبْدِیلًا» The sorrowful news of the martyrdom of the Servant of Reza and Servant of the Republic, Ayatollah Seyyed Ebrahim Raisi (May God have mercy on him), the popular servant of the nation of Iran and his accompanying delegation in the field of service and duty, pains all our hearts. His popular and simple-living personality, who always had a day-and-night effort with a sincere intention, humility, serious will, eagerness to serve, and a tireless spirit to solve people's problems in various fields of service to the Sacred System of the Islamic Republic, was among the most prominent features of this serving and rare scholar of the Islamic System, who received the fruit of his sincere services on the night of the birth of Imam Reza. I congratulate and offer condolences for the martyrdom of the Sayyid al-Shuhada of the field of Jihad of service to the people and his companions, Dr. Amir-Abdollahian, the revolutionary Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ayatollah Al-Hashem, the dear Friday Prayer Imam of Tabriz, Dr. Malek Rahmati, the popular Governor of East Azerbaijan, and a group of other companions to the presence of Hazrat Baqiyyatallah al-Azam (Arwahna Fedah) and Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, the honorable nation of Iran and all Muslim nations, and also the honorable household of the precious martyrs, and I ask from Almighty God for exaltation of degrees and gathering with the Friends of God for all the deceased of this heart-rending incident.

References

Seyyed Ebrahim Raisi Information Portal, Date of publication: n.d., Date of access: 8 Dey 1402 SH.

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