Draft:Sami al-Uraydi
Template:جعبه اطلاعات شخصیت Sami al-Uraydi was born in 1973 CE and Abu Muhammad al-Shami is the kunya of this Jordanian theorist. He was the general Sharia judge of Al-Nusra Front after Abu Mariyah al-Qahtani. As such, he was the emir of Al-Nusra Front in Daraa. In a ten-page booklet titled: "Taqrīb mafhūm al-khilāfah al-rāshidah li-ʿumūm al-muslimīn", he examined the category of caliphate and endorsed ISIS.
Biography
Sami Mahmoud, known as Dr. Sami al-Uraydi, whose kunya is Abu Muhammad al-Shami, was appointed as the general Sharia judge of Al-Nusra Front after Abu Mariyah al-Qahtani. He was born in 1973 CE in the city of Amman, the capital of Jordan. He completed his initial education in the same city and studied Islamic jurisprudence at the University of Jordan, entering the university in 1994 CE. He obtained a master's degree in Hadith studies and received a doctorate in this field in 2001 CE. Dr. Sami al-Uraydi, relying on jihadist thought during his youth, following the outbreak of the civil war in Syria, entered that country in 2011 CE and joined Al-Qaeda and Al-Nusra Front. In this regard, the position of general Sharia judge in Daraa was assigned to him.
General Sharia Judge
Al-NusraFront announced the formation of the "Islamic Emirate of Syria" in July 2014 CE. At the same time, Dr. Sami al-Uraydi replaced Abu Maria al-Qahtani as the general Sharia judge of Al-Nusra Front.
This change occurred when Al-Nusra Front had suffered defeats in some battlefields against ISIS. Abu Muhammad al-Adnani, the spokesman for ISIS organization, announced the establishment of the Caliphate on June 29, 2014 CE. In contrast, Abu Muhammad al-Julani, the leader of Al-Nusra Front, also announced the establishment of the Islamic State of Syria ten days later. Meanwhile, giving way to a Jordanian figure in high positions of Al-Nusra Front paved the way for the entry of many Jordanians into this military-Salafi organization. As such, highlighting his religious education also played a key role in emphasizing the legitimacy of this Salafi-jihadist group. In this context, it should be known that Al-Nusra Front, after internal and external pressures, tried to strengthen itself through alliances with other military groups. These alliances were announced through changing the organization's title to "Jaysh Fatah al-Sham" and then to "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham". Another motive also contributed to this name change of the organization. The aim of the members of this organization was to be removed from the terrorism list.
Writing the Booklet
Dr. Sami al-Uraydi was one of those who took a theoretical stance regarding the Caliphate of ISIS. By writing a ten-page booklet titled: "Taqrīb mafhūm al-khilāfah al-rāshidah li-ʿumūm al-muslimīn", he examined the category of caliphate. He wrote this text about two or three months after the announcement of the ISIS Caliphate, in Dhu al-Qi'dah 1435 AH, regarding the image of the legitimate Caliphate, without directly addressing the ISIS Caliphate. His goal in writing this text was to protect the concept of the Islamic Caliphate from content distortion and to explain the "Sharia form of the Rashidun Caliphate on the Prophetic methodology, as the goal of every truthful person in this time". Therefore, he briefly addressed various dimensions of the Caliphate such as definition, ruling, importance, the three methods of establishing the Caliphate (selection, designation, and domination), the category of empowerment and might, conditions of the Caliph, people of loosening and binding, allegiance, and the Caliphate on the Prophetic methodology.
Arrest
This semi-military and Salafi-jihadist group was established in mid-February 2018 CE, led by Samir Hijazi, known as Abu Hammad al-Shami, and centered on the symbolic figure of Hamza bin Laden. Following this incident, news was heard of the arrest of Sami al-Uraydi, nicknamed Abu Mahmoud al-Shami, by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham on charges of sowing discord among the followers of this group. The formation of this group had a specific background. The dispute between Ayman al-Zawahiri, the leader of Al-Qaeda, and Abu Muhammad al-Julani led to the establishment of this group as a new branch of Al-Qaeda in Syria and its centrality. Ayman al-Zawahiri, who considered Julani's effort as part of a local plan, tried to give a global color to jihad by forming a new front in Syria centered on Hamza bin Laden as the legitimate heir of Osama bin Laden.
See Also
References
- See: Zabihullah Na'imian, Jaryān-shenāsī-ye Sūriyeh, Publication of the Assembly for Approximation of Islamic Sects, Qom 1402 SH.