Draft:Saadi
Template:جعبه اطلاعات شخصیت Musharrif al-Din Muslih ibn Abdullah Shirazi is a great poet and writer of the 7th century AH. His pen name is Saadi, which is derived from the name of Atabak Muzaffar al-Din Sa'd ibn Abu Bakr ibn Sa'd ibn Zangi. Saadi is an Iranian Persian-speaking poet and writer. Saadi's birthplace was Shiraz, but he studied at the Nizamiyya of Baghdad and benefited from individuals such as Imam Muhammad Ghazali, Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi, and Abu al-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi. He traveled to numerous countries and engaged in acquiring knowledge and experience. He has many works, but his most important and famous works are Saadi's Bustan and Gulistan, which are among the masterpieces of Persian poetry and contain topics such as ethics, education, politics, and social issues. Saadi's Mausoleum is located 4 kilometers northeast of Shiraz, on the foothills of Fahndezh Mountain (Pahndezh), at the end of Bustan Street, and next to Delgasha Garden.
Biography
Saadi Shirazi, one of the famous poets of the Iranian land, was born in Shiraz in the year 606 AH. He was named Musharrif al-Din Muslih ibn Abdullah ibn Musharraf, who later adopted the pen name Saadi.
There is much discrepancy regarding Saadi's name, his father's name, and also Saadi's birth date. Researchers have written the year of Saadi's death as between 690 and 695 AH. Saadi was born in Shiraz and was still a child when his father passed away. After his father's death, his maternal grandfather, Masud ibn Muslih, took responsibility for Saadi's guardianship. According to reports, Saadi's father was employed in the bureaucratic court of Atabak Sa'd ibn Zangi, the ruler of Fars.
What is certain is that most members of Saadi's family were people of science, religion, and knowledge. Saadi himself says in this regard:
All my tribe were scholars of religion • • • Your teacher of love taught me poetry.
Saadi's life coincided with the Mongol invasion of Iran and the fall of successive contemporary governments such as the Khwarazmians, Abbasids, and Atabegs of Fars.
Saadi's Education
After studying the preliminaries of sciences in Shiraz, Saadi went to Baghdad and pursued the study of literature, Tafsir, Jurisprudence, Theology, and Philosophy. Saadi participated in the lectures of famous professors such as Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi at the Nizamiyya of Baghdad, which is considered the most important center of science and knowledge of that time.
Saadi's Travel Years
After completing the education period, the Master of Speech resolved to travel. Saadi moved towards Hejaz, Levant, and Syria to acquire knowledge and experience. From there, he took the path to the House of God. In the meantime, he experienced marriage, and the result of this marriage was a child who became a source of affection for Saadi. But after a while, for two reasons, he lost his child and resolved to travel again to endure this pain and suffering.
Saadi's travels were not merely a search for variety, seeking knowledge, and awareness of different customs and cultures. Rather, every journey was also considered a spiritual experience. The tradition of Islamic Sufism has always been based on the mystic's spiritual journey in the worlds of the horizon and the self, and the wayfarer is a traveler who must have a journey in both valleys; that is, a journey within and a journey without.
Saadi also engaged in speaking in the cities of the Levant, but at the same time, he added to his experience and knowledge through these travels.
Saadi set foot in various cities in all parts of the world and engaged in teaching and preaching in these cities. Saadi also held a very high status in spiritual wayfaring. He traveled to the entire Islamic realm and neighbors of Islamic countries, and his sharp eyes saw a world of advice and wisdom in every particle. Once, during the Crusades, as he himself writes in the Gulistan, he was captured by Christians.
Some experts have also confirmed his travel to India and a few other points in the world, and suppose these travels lasted approximately 30 years. However, the duration of the travels and the points to which Saadi traveled are still a matter of discussion and doubt.
Saadi returned to Shiraz during the reign of Atabak Abu Bakr ibn Sa'd and created the two immortal works Bustan and Gulistan in these days and dedicated them to the name "Atabak" and his son Sa'd ibn Abu Bakr. Some believe that he also took the title Saadi from this name "Sa'd ibn Abu Bakr".
Works of Saadi
Saadi's works, besides being the essence and summary of his mystical, social, and educational thoughts and reflections, are a mirror of the characteristics, temperament, and conduct of an ancient nation, and for this reason, they will never lose their glory and brilliance.
All of Saadi's works, including poetry and prose, have been collected in a collection titled Kulliyat-e Saadi. Among the works included in this book, Bustan and Gulistan are two independent books. Gulistan was composed by Saadi in rhymed prose and verse, and Bustan in verse. In addition, Ghazaliyat and Hazaliyat (or Khabithat) have also been published separately.
Other works of Saadi included in the Kulliyat book are: Qasa'id, Marathi, Mulla'at and Musallasat, Tarji'at, Sahibieh, Rubaiyat, and Mufradat.
One of the features of Saadi's works that has caused their widespread popularity among people worldwide is the fluency and simplicity of his works. Bustan, along with its fluent language, challenges deep ethical concepts.
Saadi's Bustan
The book Bustan, whose name is Saadi Nameh, was composed when Saadi was traveling to various points around the world. This work, which is in the form of a Mathnavi, is considered epic in terms of its weight and form. However, its content is mostly in the field of ethics and education, politics, and social issues.
Saadi's Bustan book has close to 4,000 verses, and numerous editions of it have been published. Bustan can be considered an ethical and educational book in which Saadi describes his utopia.
Saadi's Gulistan
Saadi's masterpiece in prose is his Gulistan, which is actually a type of Maqamah writing. However, in this approach, he did not follow the path of imitation and traversed the path of novelty and innovation. Gulistan, which many consider the most influential prose book in Persian literature, was written one year after Bustan.
"Saadi" dedicated this book to Sa'd bin Abubakr Zangi, the young crown prince of the Atabakan government. The famous Bani Adam piece in the first chapter of Gulistan: On the Conduct of Kings appears, and having its humanitarian content, it has gained global attention. This piece is seen at the entrance of the United Nations hall in New York City in Nastaliq script.
Saadi's Gulistan is a small book with very fluent prose mixed with poetry, in which the poet narrates a collection of stories in a preface and eight chapters, where in each of these stories, the reader's eye is opened to the ugliness and beauty of social life in some way, and each one alone can serve as a role model for human lives.
Tomb of Saadi
Saadi's tomb is located 4 kilometers northeast of Shiraz, at the foot of Fahandaj mountain, at the end of Bustan street, and next to Delgasha Garden. The date of Saadi's death is a very ambiguous and controversial subject because biographers have outlined two death dates for him; some consider 17 Azar 670 AH and others Mehr 671 AH as the death date of this great Persian man.
Saadi was buried in the Khanqah which is now his tomb and in the past was his place of residence. For the first time in the seventh century, a tomb was built over Saadi's grave by Shams al-Din Muhammad Sahib Divani, the famous vizier of Abaqa Khan.
The current building of Saadi's tomb was constructed by the Society for National Heritage in the year 1331 SH, combining old and new Iranian architecture within an octagonal building with a high roof and tilework. Opposite this entrance hall, there is a beautiful porch that has a door to the tomb.