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Draft:Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani

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Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani
File:Qays.jpg
NameSa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani
Personal Details
Birth PlaceIraq
Death DateAround 50 AH
ReligionIslam
WorksDiwan of Poetry

Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani was among the companions of Imam Ali and Imam Hasan (peace be upon them both)[1]


Tribe and Clan

He was from the clan of Banu Zayd ibn Marib, from the Yemeni tribe of Hamdan in Iraq, and was the chief of this tribe[2][3].


Among the Companions of Imam Ali (peace be upon him)

Tusi, narrating from Fadl ibn Shadhan, mentioned Sa'id ibn Qays among the close companions of Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) and the elders and ascetics of the Tabi'un[4].


Activities

Presence in the Battle of Nahavand

The first historical report about Sa'id ibn Qays concerns his presence in the Battle of Nahavand in the year 21[5].

Governor of Ray

Sa'id ibn Qays, around the year 33, undertook the governorship of Ray on behalf of Sa'id ibn al-As, the governor of Uthman in Kufa[6][7][8]. Apparently, after the killing of Uthman, he went to Medina[9].

Presence in the Battle of Jamal

In the Battle of Jamal, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) appointed him as the head of the cavalry group of the Hamdan tribe [10][11][12][13].

Presence in the Battle of Siffin

In the Battle of Siffin, Ali (peace be upon him) also appointed him as the head of the Hamdan tribe and a group of Himyarites[14]. In this battle, Sa'id was among the commanders of the cavalry of the Imam's army[15] and commanded the Rajrajah group (the Wave-like Army), consisting of four thousand armored soldiers from the Hamdan tribe[16][17]. Also, Sa'id was among those whom Imam Ali (peace be upon him) sent to Muawiyah in this same battle to invite him to follow the Book of God and his command and join the congregation[18][19]. Sa'id ibn Qays, along with his people (Hamdan), showed great bravery and sacrifice in the Battle of Siffin and caused the death of some of the famous figures of Muawiyah's army; so much so that Ali (peace be upon him) recited poems in praise of him and the Hamdan tribe[20][21][22][23]. The trouble caused to Muawiyah's army by Sa'id ibn Qays and the Hamdanis was such that Muawiyah was forced to go to war with Sa'id and the Hamdanis himself, but he could not make progress and fled. Then, he sent the Yemenis and Akkis to fight the Hamdanis, but they were also defeated[24][25]. After Muawiyah deceitfully invited the Iraq army to cease fighting and accept the arbitration of the Quran, Sa'id ibn Qays addressed the Sham army, saying that until now the Imam Ali's army had fought the Shamians for the arbitration of the Quran, and now the Shamians were calling his army to it.

Although the narration of Nasr ibn Muzahim[26] [27] suggests that Sa'id ibn Qays was hesitant in accepting or rejecting the proposal to cease fighting, after the peace agreement between the two armies (a few months before the announcement of the arbitration result), Sa'id once again announced his and the Hamdan tribe's readiness to obey Ali (peace be upon him) and continue the war.

His Role in the Arbitration Incident

However, he eventually accepted it and was among the witnesses of the Imam on the arbitration treaty[28][29][30]. It is said that when the arbitrators delayed in announcing the result of the arbitration, Sa'id ibn Qays warned them[31].

After the announcement of the arbitrators' verdict, Ali (peace be upon him) again intended to go to Sham for war with Muawiyah, and Sa'id ibn Qays announced his and his tribe's readiness[32].

He and the Kharijites

When the Kharijites emerged, Sa'id ibn Qays was among those whom Imam Ali (peace be upon him) sent them to negotiate with the Kharijites[33].

Repelling the Enemy in the City of Anbar

During the attacks of Muawiyah's commanders in the areas under the command of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and the Imam's complaint about the people of Kufa not striving to repel the enemy, Sa'id ibn Qays announced his readiness and moved with eight thousand people to repel the attack of Sufyan ibn Awf al-Ghamdi on the city of Anbar[34][35][36][37].


Accompanying Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) in the War against Muawiyah

After the martyrdom of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), Sa'id ibn Qays was by the side of Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) and was under his special attention. When Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) sent his twelve-thousand-strong army, under the command of Ubaydallah ibn Abbas, to face Muawiyah towards Sham, he placed Sa'id ibn Qays among his consultants and the second (according to one narration, the third) successor after Ubaydallah[38][39].


Death

The date of Sa'id's death is not clear, and although Al-Zirikli[40]. considered it around the year 50, the narration of Ibn al-Kalbi suggests that Sa'id remained alive for a long time after that. According to the narration of Ibn al-Kalbi, Al-Hajjaj, the governor of Basra and Kufa, forced Sa'id ibn Qays to marry his daughter to a man from Banu Aud, who was among Hajjaj's companions and an enemy of Imam Ali (peace be upon him)[41].

Moral Characteristics

Sa'id ibn Qays was brave and a warrior, and among the loyal companions of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). Hamdani regarded Sa'id ibn Qays as one of the brave men and the "notables of the Arabs" (duhat al-Arab), and generous. Sa'id composed poetry and recited rajaz poetry during the battles of Camel and Siffin. He was also an orator, and during the Battle of Siffin, he delivered eloquent sermons and speeches urging his companions to follow Imam Ali (peace be upon him), praising His Holiness, and condemning Mu'awiya.


Narrator of Hadith

Sa'id has narrated from Imam Ali.


Imam Ali's Description of Him

Ali (peace be upon him), while reciting a poem in his description, said: "He is a man whose speech, action, and generosity are correct and steadfast."


His Son in Mukhtar's Army

Among the sons of Sa'id ibn Qays was Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa'id, Mukhtar's agent in Mosul, who died in the year 66 in Mukhtar's army. The Sa'idiyyun family in Bayt Zawd (Yemen) have been attributed to Sa'id ibn Qays.


Footnotes

  1. ↑ Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani
  2. ↑ Hasan ibn Ahmad Ibn Hayk al-Hamdani, Al-Iklil min Akhbar al-Yaman wa Ansab Himyar, Vol. 10, p. 58, Beirut 1408/1987
  3. ↑ Hasan ibn Ahmad Ibn Hayk al-Hamdani, Al-Iklil min Akhbar al-Yaman wa Ansab Himyar, Vol. 10, p. 54, Beirut 1408/1987
  4. ↑ Tusi, Rijal al-Tusi, p. 69
  5. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh (Beirut), Vol. 4, p. 129
  6. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh (Beirut), Vol. 4, p. 330
  7. ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Vol. 3, p. 147
  8. ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Vol. 3, p. 187
  9. ↑ Ibn Shabbah Numayri, Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Vol. 4, p. 1313, edited by Fahim Muhammad Shaltut, Beirut 1410/1990
  10. ↑ Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 2, p. 166, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997
  11. ↑ Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Nu'man al-Mufid, Al-Jamal aw al-Nusrah li-Sayyid al-Itrah fi Harb al-Basrah, Vol. 1, p. 319, edited by Ali Mirsharifi, Qom 1416 AH/ 1995 CE
  12. ↑ Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, p. 150, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967
  13. ↑ Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, p. 146, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967
  14. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 117, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  15. ↑ Ahmad ibn A'tham al-Kufi, Kitab al-Futuh, Vol. 3, p. 25, edited by Ali Shiri, Beirut 1411/ 1991
  16. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 453, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  17. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 520, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  18. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 187, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  19. ↑ Ahmad ibn A'tham al-Kufi, Kitab al-Futuh, Vol. 3, p. 19-20, edited by Ali Shiri, Beirut 1411/ 1991
  20. ↑ Ibn Shahr Ashub, Manaqib Al Abi Talib, Vol. 2, p. 355, Najaf 1376/1956
  21. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, Vol. 5, p. 216, edited by Muhammad Abul-Fadl Ibrahim, Cairo 1378/1959
  22. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 273-274, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  23. ↑ Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 2, p. 222, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997
  24. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 426-427, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  25. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 432-438, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  26. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 483-484, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  27. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 520, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  28. ↑ Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, Waqtat Siffin, Vol. 1, p. 506-511, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990
  29. ↑ Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 2, p. 231, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997
  30. ↑ Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, p. 196, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967
  31. ↑ Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Vol. 1, p. 117, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967
  32. ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Vol. 3, p. 340
  33. ↑ Ibn Babawayh, Al-Khisal, Vol. 1, p. 382, edited by Ali Akbar Ghaffari, Qom 1403 AH/1983 CE
  34. ↑ Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 2, p. 319-321, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997
  35. ↑ Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 2, p. 341-342, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997
  36. ↑ Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi, Al-Gharat, Vol. 2, p. 464-472, edited by Jalal al-Din Muhaddith
  37. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh (Beirut), Vol. 5, p. 79
  38. ↑ Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 12, p. 381, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997
  39. ↑ Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani; Maqatil al-Talibin, Vol. 1, p. 62, edited by Ahmad Saqr, Cairo 1368 AH/ 1949 CE
  40. ↑ Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli, Al-A'lam, Vol. 3, p. 100, Beirut 1999
  41. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, Vol. 4, p. 61, edited by Muhammad Abul-Fadl Ibrahim, Cairo 1378/1959
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