Draft:Reza Khan
Template:جعبه اطلاعات شخصیت Reza Pahlavi was the first Pahlavi king (from 1304 to 1320) and the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. Reza Shah's reign marked the end of the rule of the Qajars and the beginning of the Pahlavi era, which ended with the Iranian Revolution in 1357. Pahlavi was previously the family name of Mirza Mahmoud Khan, a member of the Post Ministry and telegraphic title of the Imperial Bank, which Reza Khan used due to its similarity and adopted for himself. He was born in 1256 SH (1295 AH) in the village of "Alasht" in the subdistrict of "Savadkuh" in Mazandaran province. He was from an obscure Turkic-speaking military family in Mazandaran. His father Dadash Beyg was attributed to the Palani tribe. When he was an infant, he lost his father and came to Tehran with his mother from Savadkuh.
Reza Pahlavi at a Glance
Reza Shah Pahlavi was the Shah of Iran (from 1304 to 1320) and the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. Reza Shah's reign marked the end of the rule of the Qajars and the beginning of the Pahlavi era, which ended with the Iranian Revolution in 1357[1] .[2].
Reza, who was an orphaned child, spent his childhood in poverty. He joined the military from adolescence and went through the ranks of promotion. On the third day of Esfand 1299, he arranged a coup. As a result of this coup, the Cossack forces under the command of Reza Khan occupied Tehran.
Reza Khan initially, as Minister of War, eliminated many unrests and banditries. On 3 Aban 1302, Reza Khan was appointed Prime Minister by the order of Ahmad Shah Qajar and initially made an attempt towards republicanism. But in 1304, he reached kingship. He was finally forced to leave the throne in 1320 under the pressure of England and died three years later in Johannesburg (South Africa) of death natural causes[3].
Titles
Reza Shah was called by various titles during his life and even after that for various reasons. In his youth, he was named Reza Savadkuhi after the region he came from. Upon entering the military, due to the use of the Maxim machine gun, he was called Reza Maxim and later Reza Khan and then, with the mention of his military rank, he was known as Reza Khan Mirpanj.
After the coup of 1299 and taking hold of the Ministry of War and command of the armed forces, he was called Sardar Sepah. After reaching kingship and choosing the family name Pahlavi, he was called Reza Shah Pahlavi. Before this, family names were not used in Iran and Reza Shah made the use of family names mandatory for the first time. [4] In 1328, by the approval of the Majles, the title Reza Shah the Great was given to him[5].
In the Cossack Brigade
At the age of 12 or 14, through Samsam (from the entourage of Ali-Asghar Khan Amin al-Sultan Prime Minister), one of his relatives, he entered the Savadkuh regiment and became a Tabin (soldier). It is narrated from himself that at the time of entry he was so young that others would mount him on a horse. In 1275 SH after the assassination of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, the Savadkuh regiment was called to Tehran to guard the embassy and government centers. During his service in the Cossack House, he was for a time a guard at the Germany embassy in Tehran. His signature for the daily shift change is still kept at this location.
Then he was appointed as sergeant of the guards of the Russia Loan Bank in Mashhad and after a while as Vakil-bashi (Lieutenant to Captain)[6] of the Sixty Gun Company. In this period, Reza Khan became known as "Reza Maxim" due to the use of one of the few Maxim machine guns of that time[7].
In 1288 SH, along with Bakhtiari riders and Armenians, he was sent to Zanjan and Ardabil to suppress local riots and uprisings. Then with the rank of Yavari (Colonel) to the command of the rifle group and in 1297 SH to the command of the Atiriad (Brigade) of Hamedan was appointed.
In this position, he successfully executed a coup against the brigade commander, i.e., Colonel Clergeau, under the command of Starosselski, his deputy. The execution of this coup was coordinated with Ahmad Shah by Reza Khan and is also known as Reza Khan's First Coup. As a result of this coup, Clergeau returned to Russia and Starosselski became the commander of the Cossack Brigade in Iran[8].
With the expulsion of Russian officers, the Cossack Brigade was placed under the supervision of an incompetent Iranian officer named Sardar Homayoun and Reza Khan was practically the real commander of the brigade (under General Ironside).
In 1299 SH and a few months before the coup, Reza Khan was sent to Gilan to participate in suppressing the uprising of Mirza Kuchik Khan Jangali, which led to the retreat of the Cossack forces under the command of Starosselski to the vicinity of Qazvin.
See Also
Notes
- ↑ Iranian Society During the Reign of Reza Shah - Ehsan Tabari
- ↑ Rah-e Tudeh — Iranian Society During the Reign of Reza Shah
- ↑ Najafqoli Pasian and Khosrow Motazed, From Savadkuh to Johannesburg: The Life of Reza Shah Pahlavi, Third Publishing, 786 pages, Third Edition, 1382, ISBN 964-6404-20-0
- ↑ Albrecht Schnabel and Amin Saikal (2003), Democratization in the Middle East: Experiences, Struggles, Challenges, and Modernization. URL pp91
- ↑ History of Twenty Years of Iran. Hossein Makki. Publisher Name. 1363 Tehran
- ↑ Thirty Years with Reza Shah in the Cossack House and Army. Sadeq Adibi. Alborz Publishing. 1385 Tehran (ISBN 964-442-500-6) ISBN
- ↑ Blood and Oil, Manuchehr Farmanfarmaian. Translator Mehdi Haghighat Khah. Ghoghanoos 1377 Tehran (ISBN 964-311-149-0)
- ↑ Thirty Years with Reza Shah in the Cossack House and Army. Sadeq Adibi. Alborz Publishing. 1385 Tehran (ISBN 964-442-500-6) ISBN