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Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far
NameFatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far
Other Names{{{other_names}}}
Personal Details
Birth PlaceMedina
Brith Date1 Dhu al-Qi'dah 173 AH (c. 790 CE)
Death Place{{{death_place}}}
Death Date10 Rabi' al-Thani 201 AH (c. 816 CE)

Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far was a distinguished lady of the household of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). Shia Muslims hold Fatimah al-Ma'sumah (peace be upon her) in high esteem and place great importance on visiting her shrine in Qom. In narrations concerning Lady al-Ma'sumah (peace be upon her), her intercession for Shia Muslims is mentioned, and Paradise is considered the reward for visiting her. Her father was the seventh Imam of the Shia, Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him), and her mother was Lady Najmah, who was called al-Tahirah due to her purity and spiritual cleanliness.

Lady al-Ma'sumah passed away at the age of 28 on the 12th of Rabi' al-Thani, 201 AH in Qom, where today her heavenly shrine and purified tomb shines like the sun in the heart of Qom county, always bestowing grace and illuminating the hearts and souls thirsty for true knowledge.

She was indeed the second Batul and a manifestation of Lady Fatimah (peace be upon her). She possessed a special and supreme distinction in spiritual purity, such that the eighth Imam, her brother, called her al-Ma'sumah (the Innocent). He stated: "Man zara al-Ma'sumah bi-Qom ka-man zarani: (Whoever visits al-Ma'sumah in Qom is as if they have visited me).

Her station of knowledge and gnosis is such that in a part of her lesser-known visitation prayer, we read: "Al-salamu alayki ya Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far wa hujjatahu wa aminahu: (Peace be upon you, O Fatimah daughter of Musa ibn Ja'far, and His proof and trustee from Musa ibn Ja'far). And we also read: "Al-salamu alayki ayyuha al-Tahirah al-Hamidah al-Barrah al-Rashidah al-Taqiyyah al-Radiyyah al-Mardiyyah: (Peace be upon you, O pure, praiseworthy, beneficent, guided, pious, contented, and pleasing lady). It is due to this status and her high spiritual ranks that Imam al-Rida (peace be upon him) taught us in a part of his famous visitation prayer to say beside her tomb: "Ya Fatimah ishfa'i li fi al-jannah fa-inna laka inda Allah shan'an min al-shan.

Girl's Day in Iran coincides with the birth of Lady al-Ma'sumah (peace be upon her).

Biography

Lady Fatima Masumeh (peace be upon her) was born on the 1st of Dhu al-Qi'dah in the year 173 AH (789 CE), in the city of Medina. Her honorable father was Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him), the seventh Imam of the Shia, and her respectful mother was "Najmah", the honorable mother of Imam Reza (peace be upon him). Najmah was among the virtuous women, a model of piety and honor, and one of the rare concealed women in the history of humanity.

There is disagreement regarding the number of children of Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him) and how many of them were named Fatima. Shaykh Mufid has mentioned their number as thirty-seven; nineteen sons and eighteen daughters, two of whom were named Fatima: Fatimah al-Kubra and Fatimah al-Sughra. Lady Fatima Masumeh, after Imam Reza (peace be upon him), was more virtuous than the other children of Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him) and held a higher status[1].

During these years, the environment of her growth was a family that confronted her with an ocean of knowledge and gnosis. However, not more than ten springs had passed from her noble life when her honorable father was martyred by the poison of injustice in the prison of Harun and an ocean of grief and sorrow poured upon her noble heart. In these days of grief and loneliness, the only source of consolation for her was her brother Imam Reza (peace be upon him), when suddenly Al-Ma'mun separated the sacred existence of the eighth Imam from the family center and forcibly brought him to Khorasan and compelled him to reside in Khorasan. Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) endured a one-year separation from her brother[2].

In the year 201 AH (816 CE), one year after the arrival of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in Merv, she set out for Merv to visit her brother. However, she fell ill along the way in the city of Saveh[3]. Then she asked what is the distance between Saveh and Qom? They said: ten farsakhs. She ordered her servant to take her and bring her to Qom, and they lodged in the house of Musa ibn Khazraj ibn Sa'd al-Ash'ari.

According to another narration and as written by Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Qomi in Tarikh Qom according to a correct narration, when the news reached Al Sa'd at night, Musa ibn Khazraj, on their behalf, left Qom for Saveh that same night to invite her to Qom. After meeting Lady Masumeh and her acceptance of his invitation, he himself took the reins of her camel and brought her to Qom and to his own home. Lady Masumeh passed away after seventeen days of stay in the house of Musa ibn Khazraj while ill. Her pure body was buried in the garden of "Bablan" (current location) after the performance of prayer by Musa ibn Khazraj.

There are also different narrations regarding the age of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her). Some have written her age as eighteen and more. According to others, considering that her father, Imam Musa al-Kadhim (peace be upon him), was arrested and imprisoned by order of Harun al-Rashid in the year 179 AH (795 CE) and remained in prison for four years and was martyred there, and also Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) passed away in the year 201 AH (816 CE), her age was at least 22 years[4]. Some have also mentioned the birth date of Lady Masumeh as 1 Dhu al-Qi'dah of the year 173 AH and her death date as 10 Rabi' al-Thani of the year 201 AH[5].


Hadith Narration by Lady Masumeh

One of her characteristics was that she had knowledge of Islamic sciences and the Household of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) and was among the narrators of Hadith. There are several hadiths in which the name of Lady Fatima Masumeh (peace be upon her) is mentioned in their chain of narration. Allamah Amini in Al-Ghadir refers to some of them, such as: About Fatimah bint Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, she narrated to me ... "Whoever I am his master, Ali is his master[6]." The narration of these hadiths indicates her high scientific status.


Status of Infallibility of Lady Masumeh

The status of infallibility, which is the highest spiritual status and purity, has degrees, and in the first stage is of two kinds:

  1. Infallible from error;
  2. Infallible from Sin.
  • Imam Reza (peace be upon him) said in a narration:

"Whoever visits al-Masumeh in Qom is like one who has visited me[7]." Whoever visits al-Masumeh in Qom, it is as if he has performed visitation of me.

  • Regarding the status of infallibility of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), there are many narrations, but this hadith from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) is perhaps an indication that Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) held the status of Infallibility, also he gave this title to Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), otherwise her name is not Masumeh.
  • Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) is like Lady Zaynab (peace be upon her) in one of the degrees of infallibility, although she is not in the degrees of the Fourteen Infallibles (peace be upon them).

Notes

  1. ↑ Biography of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), Mukhtar Aslani.
  2. ↑ Biography of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), Mukhtar Aslani.
  3. ↑ According to some researchers, Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) was poisoned and martyred in Saveh.
  4. ↑ Research Deputy of the Center for Hawzas of Sister Seminaries, Scholarly Women and Their Works.
  5. ↑ Nur al-Afaq, Javad Shah-Abd al-Azimi.
  6. ↑ Allamah Amini, Al-Ghadir, Vol. 1, p. 196.
  7. ↑ Rayahin al-Shari'ah, Vol. 5, p. 35.

Special Ziyaratnameh of Lady Masumeh

One of the evidences of the exceptional greatness of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) is the Ziyaratnameh that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) expressed in her regard. After Lady Fatimah Zahra (peace be upon her), the only pilgrimage text narrated from an infallible Imam for a woman is the Ziyarat of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), and none of the ladies of the Household of Infallibility and Infallibility have a specific Ziyarat from an Imam.

Narrations transmitted from Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), Imam Kazem (peace be upon him), and Imam Jawad (peace be upon him): Paradise is the reward for whoever visits Fatimah, daughter of Imam Kazem (peace be upon him)[1].


Death of Lady Masumeh

10th of Rabi' al-Thani is the anniversary of the passing of Lady Fatimah Masumeh (peace be upon her). Lady Masumeh entered Iran one year after the arrival of her brother, Imam Reza (peace be upon him), to Iran, along with a number of brothers and sisters and other relatives, for the purpose of visiting Imam Reza (peace be upon him)[2]. Jafar Murtada Amili writes:

“Lady Masumeh headed a caravan of 22 people consisting of Alavids and brothers of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) to travel to Iran to meet that Imam[3].”

However, some researchers have written the number of people in this caravan to be about 400 and claim that 23 of them were killed in Saveh[4]. After Lady Masumeh and her companions reached Saveh, government agents clashed with them and martyred many individuals of this caravan. At this time, Lady Masumeh fell ill. She asked her servant: How far is it from here to Qom? The servant replied: 10 farsakhs. Her Ladyship said: Take me from here to Qom. At this time, Musa ibn Khazraj, who was among the elders of Al Saad and among the Shi'a of Qom, attended upon Lady Masumeh and took the reins of her she-camel and brought her to his own house[5].

Cause of Illness

Some researchers believe that Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) was poisoned in Saveh and then entered Qom in a state of illness. And after a short while, she was martyred[6]. Mohammadi Eshtehardi writes: “According to some narrations, the poisoning of Her Ladyship was carried out by a woman in Saveh[7]”.

Alternative Views

“When Lady Masumeh saw the torn bodies of her brothers and nephews, who were 23 people, she became severely grief-stricken and fell ill as a result”.

After the arrival of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) in Qom on the 23rd of month of Rabi' al-Awwal[8], Her Ladyship resided in the house of Musa ibn Khazraj for 17[9] or 19 days.[10] During this period, she was engaged in worship and supplication with God in a state of illness.

Time of Passing

The famous opinion is that after Lady Masumeh entered Qom on the 23rd of Rabi' al-Awwal, she did not live for more than 17 days. Therefore, her passing must have taken place on the 10th of Rabi' al-Thani. Ali Akbar Mahdipur writes: “The day of the passing of Lady Masumeh was the 10th of Rabi' al-Thani, year 201 Hijri[11].” Some researchers have also mentioned the 12th of Rabi' al-Thani[12] as the day of passing. Mohammadi Eshtehardi writes:

“As some of the elders have said, fairness is that to reconcile between the first and second opinion, to honor the status of that noble lady, ceremonies should be held for three days 10, 11, and 12 of Rabi' al-Thani as mourning for Masumieh[13].”

After the passing of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), the women of Al Saad performed the ghusl and kafan for Bibi Fatimah Masumeh[14] Then the pure body of Her Ladyship was taken to the garden of Musa ibn Khazraj (current location of her holy shrine). At that time, among the Ash'ari tribe (Al Saad), there was a dispute over who was worthy of burying that holy body... Suddenly two veiled riders came forward from the direction of the Qom river and when they approached the pure body, they dismounted from their horses. First, they performed the prayer upon her, then they entered the cellar that had been prepared for her burial, and with each other's help, they buried her. And without speaking to anyone, they left that place. No one understood who they were[15].

Some researchers have speculated that these two riders were Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and Imam Jawad (peace be upon him)[16].

Considering that the birth of Lady Masumeh was the 1st of Dhu al-Qi'dah year 173 [17] Hijri. And considering the time of her passing, i.e., year 201 Hijri, therefore the blessed age of Her Ladyship at the time of death was 28 years.

Notes

  1. ↑ Kamal al-Ziyarat, 1356 SH (1977 CE), p. 536; Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH (1983 CE), vol. 99, pp. 265-268.
  2. ↑ Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan; Tarikh Qom, translated by Hasan ibn Ali ibn Hasan Abd al-Malik Qomi, Tehran, Tus, 1361 SH (1982 CE), p. 213.
  3. ↑ Amili, Jafar Murtada; Al-Hayat al-Siyasah lil-Imam al-Rida, [n.p.], Dar al-Tabligh al-Islami, 1398 AH (1978 CE), p. 428.
  4. ↑ Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Muhammad, Lady Masumeh Fatimah the Second, Qom, Allameh, 1375 SH (1996 CE), First Edition, p. 118.
  5. ↑ Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad; Previous source, p. 213.
  6. ↑ Amili, Jafar Murtada; Previous source, p. 428.
  7. ↑ Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Previous source, p. 123 citing Wasilah al-Ma'sumin, p. 68.
  8. ↑ Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Previous source, p. 123 citing Wasilah al-Ma'sumin, p. 68.
  9. ↑ Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Husayn; Previous source, p. 213.
  10. ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir; Bihar al-Anwar, Tehran, Maktabat al-Islamiyyah, n.d., vol. 60, p. 219.
  11. ↑ Mahdipur, Ali Akbar; Karimah Ahl al-Bayt, Qom, Haziq, n.d., p. 109.
  12. ↑ Mansouri, Mehdi; Hayat al-Sitt, Qom, Sahafi, 1339 SH (1960 CE), p. 8.
  13. ↑ Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Previous source, p. 123 citing Wasilah al-Ma'sumin, pp. 114-115.
  14. ↑ Fayd, Abbas; Ganjineh Asar Qom, Mehr, 1349 SH (1970 CE), vol. 1, p. 390.
  15. ↑ Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad, Previous source, pp. 213-214 with slight differences.
  16. ↑ Group of Authors, Collection of Articles, Qom, Za'er, 1384 SH (2005 CE), p. 118 citing Ganjineh Daneshmandan, vol. 1, pp. 14-15.
  17. ↑ Namazi, Sheikh Ali; Mustadrak Safinat al-Bihar, Mashhad, Khorasan Printery, vol. 8, p. 257.

References

Girl's Day

Girl's Day in Iran coincides with the birth of Hazrat Masoumeh (peace be upon her) and was recorded in the official calendars of the country in the year 1385 SH (2006 CE) by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. This action is a cultural movement to remind [people] of the personality of Hazrat Masoumeh (peace be upon her) and promote the existential dimensions of this daughter of the Ahl al-Bayt among Muslim girls, so that the girls of this land may emulate her personality.

Girl's Day is an occasion to honor the status of girls and familiarize them with the correct way of life by utilizing Iranian and Islamic culture.

Today's girls are the mothers of tomorrow, who will raise the future builders of this country in their laps. Therefore, given the important position of girls in the society and culture of the country, their physical and mental health and their presence in scientific, social, and political arenas are of special importance.

Girl's Day is of great importance as it is an opportunity to pay attention to and respect the status and rights of girls in society. This occasion addresses issues such as education, health, and gender equality for girls and provides a platform to examine and resolve the challenges and obstacles existing in the path of girls' growth and progress.

Girl's Day also helps increase public awareness and emphasizes that society must be determined in its efforts to achieve equality and gender justice. This occasion reminds [us] that girls should have the necessary abilities and opportunities to achieve their dreams and goals, and they can play important roles in the economic, social, and cultural development of society.


See also


Notes

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