Draft:Fatimah bint Asad
| Fatimah bint Asad | |
|---|---|
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| Name | Fatimah bint Asad |
| Other Names | {{{other_names}}} |
| Personal Details | |
| Birth Place | Mecca |
| Brith Date | 55 years before Hijrah (c. 567 CE) |
| Death Place | {{{death_place}}} |
| Death Date | 4 AH (625/626 CE) |
Fatimah bint Asad was the wife of Abu Talib and the mother of Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). She was from the Banu Hashim clan and the cousin of Abu Talib. She was a wise, accomplished, chaste, virtuous, and knowledgeable woman. Fatimah daughter of Asad ibn Hashim married Abu Talib son of Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim al-Qurashi. She was the only wife of Abu Talib and bore him four sons and two daughters, namely: Talib, Aqil, Ja'far, Ali (peace be upon him), Umm Hani, and Jumana. She and Abu Talib were the first Hashimite woman and man to marry each other. Fatimah bint Asad was a chaste and monotheistic woman. When she was pregnant with Ali (peace be upon him), she came to circumambulate the House of God and at that moment labor pains approached her. She sought the help of the Lord of the Kaaba. Suddenly, the wall of the Kaaba split and she entered the House of God and gave birth to Ali ibn Abi Talib there.
Fatimah bint Asad was not only the mother of Ali (peace be upon him) but also the mother of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny); because after the death of his father Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Talib brought his nephew Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) to his own house when he was about 8 years old, and his wife Fatimah bint Asad loved him like a mother and always preferred Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) over her own children; just as the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) mentioned this point many times and spoke of her with kindness.
Birth of Fatimah bint Asad
Exact information about the time and place of the birth of Lady Fatimah bint Asad has not been obtained, but some sources mention that she was raised in Mecca[1].
Parents of Fatimah bint Asad
Her father's name was Asad son of Hashim son of Abd Manaf son of Qusay[2]. Her mother's name was Fatimah daughter of Hurm son of Rawahah son of Hajar son of Abd son of Mu'is son of Amir son of Lu'ay[3].
Husband of Fatimah bint Asad
The husband of Lady Fatimah bint Asad was Lord Abu Talib (peace be upon him) son of Abd al-Muttalib son of Hashim son of Abd Manaf son of Qusay from the Quraysh tribe[4]. Since Fatimah bint Asad was also from the lineage of Lord Hashim[5], it is recorded in history that she was the first Hashimite woman to marry a Hashimite man and bear children for him[6], therefore both the father and mother of Lord Ali (peace be upon him) were Hashimites[7].
Islam of Fatimah bint Asad
Every biographer who has detailed the life of Fatimah bint Asad has counted her among the first Muslim women[8]. Ibn Abi al-Hadid has narrated that Fatimah converted to Islam after ten people and she was the eleventh[9].
Conversion of Fatimah bint Asad to Islam
In Al-Maqatil al-Talibiyyin it is narrated from Zubayr ibn al-Awwam: When the noble verse "O Prophet! When believing women come to you to pledge allegiance to you that they will not associate anything with God, steal, commit zina, kill their children, bring forth falsehood between their hands and feet, and disobey you in any righteous work, then pledge allegiance to them and ask forgiveness for them from God; indeed God is Forgiving and Merciful[10]", was revealed, I heard from the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) calling women to pledge allegiance and Fatimah bint Asad was the first woman to pledge allegiance to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)[11].
Ibn al-Jawzi has narrated from Ibn Abbas that she was the first woman who pledged allegiance to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) in Mecca after Khadijah (peace be upon her)[12].
It is worth mentioning that the manner of the Messenger of God's (peace be upon him and his progeny) pledge of allegiance with women was such that he would order a container of water to be prepared, then he would put his blessed hand into it and bring it out, then he would tell the women to put their hands into the container of water[13].
Fatimah bint Asad as a Narrator of Hadith
One of the virtues of Lady Fatimah bint Asad is that she is a narrator of Hadith. Scholars of Hadith science have counted her among the narrators of Hadith from the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) and 46 Hadith have been narrated from her[14].
Death of Fatimah bint Asad
The Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) shrouded her with his own shirt[15] and said: "Gabriel informed me that she is among the people of Paradise and God has ordered seventy thousand angels to pray for her[16]." Then he performed the funeral prayer over Fatimah's body. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) participated in her funeral procession until he reached her grave in Al-Baqi Cemetery[17]. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) entered the grave and lay down in it, then he stood up and took the body with his own hands and placed it inside the grave[18].
Notes
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, researcher: Abd al-Qadir Ata, Muhammad, Vol. 8, pp. 40-41.
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, researcher: Abd al-Qadir Ata, Muhammad, Vol. 8, p. 40.
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, researcher: Abd al-Qadir Ata, Muhammad, Vol. 8, pp. 40-41. On page 178 of this book, her mother's name is mentioned as: "Fatimah daughter of Qays ibn Hurm ibn Rawahah ibn Hajar ibn Abd ibn Baghid ibn Amir ibn Lu'ay".
- ↑ Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, researcher: Abd al-Mawjud, Adel Ahmed / Mu'awwad, Ali Muhammad, Vol. 7, p. 196.
- ↑ Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, researcher: Abd al-Mawjud, Adel Ahmed / Mu'awwad, Ali Muhammad, Vol. 7, p. 196.
- ↑ Ibn al-Maghazali, Ali ibn Muhammad, Manaqib al-Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon them), p. 57; Amin, Sayyid Muhsin, A'yan al-Shi'a, Vol. 1, p. 325.
- ↑ Al-Tabarsi, Fadl ibn Hasan, I'lam al-Wara bi-A'lam al-Huda, Vol. 1, p. 306; Amili, Jafar Murtada, Al-Sahih min al-Sirah al-Nabi al-A'zam, translator: Sepehri, Muhammad (Eternal Biography), Vol. 1, pp. 234-235.
- ↑ Ibn Sabbagh Maliki, Ali ibn Muhammad, Al-Fusul al-Muhimmah fi Ma'rifat al-A'imma (peace be upon them), p. 177.
- ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, Vol. 1, p. 14.
- ↑ Quran 60:12.
- ↑ Isfahani, Abulfaraj, Al-Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, pp. 28-29.
- ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-Khawass, p. 20.
- ↑ Al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 527, Hadith 5.
- ↑ Sharif Qarshi, Baqir, Musawat al-Imam Amir al-Mu'minin Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), Vol. 1, pp. 36-37.
- ↑ Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-Ummal, Beirut, Vol. 6, p. 228.
- ↑ Al-Hakim al-Nishaburi, Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn, Dar al-Ma'rifah, Vol. 3, p. 108.
- ↑ Askari, Targhib Ahl al-Mawaddah, Maktabah al-Thaqafah, p. 94.
- ↑ Ibn Shabbah, Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, 1410 AH, Vol. 1, p. 124.
References
Burial Place of Fatima bint Asad
The tomb of Fatima bint Asad, the honorable mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), was located in Al-Baqi'. It is probable that the grave located near the graves of the Imams (peace be upon them) belongs to Fatima bint Asad. In other narrations, her burial place is considered to be near the grave of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Abu Sa'id al-Khudri. In the seventh century, when Ibn al-Najjar (d. 643 AH/1245 CE) wrote his book, people would visit the grave of Fatima bint Asad near the grave of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, but Samhudi in Wafa' al-Wafa[1] considered this statement incorrect and stated her grave is near the shrine of Ibrahim, the son of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny)[2].
Al-Matari (d. 741 AH/1340 CE) also located her grave north of the grave of Uthman, meaning beside Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, and stated that there is a dome over it[3].