Draft:Fatima Kalabiyya
| Fatima Kalabiyya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Name | Fatima Kalabiyya |
| Other Names | Umm al-Banin |
| Personal Details | |
| Birth Place | Kufa |
| Brith Date | 5 AH |
| Death Place | {{{death_place}}} |
| Death Date | 70 AH |
Fatima Kalabiyya, known as "Umm al-Banin" (born 5 AH, died 70 AH), was the wife of the first Imam of the Shiites, Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), and the daughter of Hizam ibn Khalid. After the martyrdom of Fatima (peace be upon her), Ali (peace be upon him) married Fatima Kalabiyya through the introduction of his brother Aqil[1].
Biography
The date of Umm al-Banin's birth is not specified[2]. However, in Shia sources, considering the birth date of Abbas ibn Ali, her first son, which was in the year 26 AH, her birth is considered to be in the years 5 and 9 AH[3]. "Hizam ibn Khalid ibn Rabi'a ibn Wahid ibn Ka'b ibn Amir ibn Kilab" is Umm al-Banin's father, a brave, courageous, and truthful man whose special qualities include honoring guests and strong logic. Umm al-Banin's mother is "Thumama (or Layla) daughter of Suhayl ibn Amir ibn Ja'far ibn Kilab"[4]. Umm al-Banin is considered a literate and eloquent poetess and a person of virtue and knowledge.
Reason for the Name Umm al-Banin
Fatima Kalabiyya had four sons who were famous for their courage and bravery, hence she was called Umm al-Banin, meaning "Mother of Sons". After the death of her sons, she asked women in her poems not to call her Umm al-Banin anymore because it reminds her of her brave sons and her heart burns. She said: I was Umm al-Banin, but now I am not Umm al-Banin and the mother of sons[5]. In some narrations, it is said that when she went to Ali's house, she requested not to be addressed as Fatima so that the children of Zahra would not be reminded of their mother. However, this claim has not been found in any reliable or unreliable source[6].
Marriage
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) asked his brother Aqil ibn Abi Talib, who was known for the science of genealogy, to choose a wife for him from the lineage of brave Arab men who would bear him horse-riding and brave children. Aqil replied: Marry Umm al-Banin Kalabiyya. There is no one braver than her fathers among the Arabs[7]. He entrusted the proposal to his brother Aqil. He went to Hizam ibn Khalid, Umm al-Banin's father. Hizam ibn Khalid hosted Aqil for three days according to Arab custom and on the fourth day asked the reason for his visit. Aqil said: I have come to propose your daughter Fatima for Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hizam first praised the lineage and family of Ali ibn Abi Talib and then said Ali ibn Abi Talib should choose someone who has urban etiquette and manners, while we are Bedouins and different from city dwellers. Aqil replied: My brother is aware of what you say but desires this marriage. Then Hizam said: Give me time to ask my daughter and her mother whether they accept Ali ibn Abi Talib or not? Because women are more knowledgeable and aware of the ethics and manners of their daughters than men. Finally, Aqil contracted the marriage between them with Umm al-Banin's permission with a dowry of 500 dirhams which was the Sunnah of the Messenger of God[8]. In historical sources, there is no mention of her marriage after Ali ibn Abi Talib, even when some of Ali ibn Abi Talib's wives consulted her about their marriage, she told them it is not worthy to make a marriage covenant with another man after Ali[9].
Children
She had four sons named: Abbas, Abdullah, Ja'far, and Uthman.
After the Martyrdom of Her Children
Umm al-Banin was not present at the event of Karbala. When the caravan of Karbala captives entered Medina and she was informed of the killing of her sons; she asked about the fate of Husayn (peace be upon him) and when she heard the news of the killing of Husayn (peace be upon him), she said: "I wish my sons and everything on earth were sacrificed for Husayn (peace be upon him) and he remained alive." Some consider this speech as evidence of her deep devotion to the Ahl al-Bayt and Husayn (peace be upon him). All four of her sons were killed in Karbala[10]. Umm al-Banin went every day with her grandson Ubaydallah, son of Abbas, to the Baqi cemetery and recited poems there that she had composed herself and then cried. People would gather around her and join her. It is even said that Marwan ibn Hakam would be present there and cry. It is also said that Zaynab went to visit Umm al-Banin after entering Medina and offered condolences for the death of her sons[11].
Death
Umm al-Banin died on 13 Jumada al-Thani, 64 or 70 AH[12]. She was buried in the Baqi cemetery next to Safiyya and Atika, the aunts of Muhammad ibn Abdullah[13].
See also
Notes
- ↑ "Umm al-Banin"; Great Islamic Encyclopedia.
- ↑ Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Author: Center for Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Vol. 10, p. 3929.
- ↑ Mohammadreza Mirzajan; "The Personality and Position of Umm al-Banin in Islam". Hawza Information Center.
- ↑ The Life of Qamar Bani Hashim, translation of Kitab al-Abbas, written by Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq Musawi Muqarram, translator Parviz Lolavar, pp. 9 and 10.
- ↑ Husayni Epic 2, Author: Morteza Motahhari, Vol. 1, p. 90.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) based on Quran, Hadith, and History, Author: Mohammad Mohammadi Reyshahri, Vol. 8, p. 425.
- ↑ The Life of Qamar Bani Hashim, translation of Kitab al-Abbas, written by Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq Musawi Muqarram, translator Parviz Lolavar, publisher Aram Del, print year 2016 CE, p. 51.
- ↑ Nahid Tayebi; "Mother of the Moon; A Research on the Life and Personality of Umm al-Banin (peace be upon her)". Hawza Information Center.
- ↑ Bright Star, written by Ali Rabani Khalkhali, p. 48.
- ↑ "Umm al-Banin". Great Islamic Encyclopedia.
- ↑ Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Author: Center for Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Vol. 10, p. 3929.
- ↑ Islamic Works, Rasul Ja'fariyan, p. 349.
- ↑ The Life of Qamar Bani Hashim Bab al-Hawa'ij, Author: Abd al-Husayn Mu'mini, Publisher: Badreqeh Javidan, Print Year 2008 CE, p. 137.