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Draft:Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf

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Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf
NameAbd al-Rahman ibn Awf
Other NamesAbd al-Rahman ibn Awf
Personal Details
Birth PlaceMecca
Brith Date10th Year of the Elephant (approx. 570 CE)
Death PlaceMedina
Death Date32 AH (652–653 CE)
ReligionIslam

Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf was from the Quraysh tribe and the Banu Zuhrah clan. During the pre-Islamic era, his kunya was Abu Muhammad and his name was Abd Amr; he was also called Abd al-Ka'bah. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) named him Abd al-Rahman. Abd al-Rahman is counted among the first eight people to accept Islam.


Introduction

"Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf ibn Abd Awf ibn Abd ibn al-Harith ibn Zuhrah ibn Kilab[1]", was born in the 10th Year of the Elephant[2]. His mother's name was "Shifa", daughter of "Awf ibn Abd ibn Harith ibn Zuhrah"[3]. During the pre-Islamic era, his name was Abd Amr, and after becoming Muslim, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) named him Abd al-Rahman[4].

He was among the first Muslims who accepted Islam through Abu Bakr[5]. Abd al-Rahman is among the ten people whose names appear in the narration of the Ten Promised Paradise[6]. He was also among the group who had two migrations; meaning he was with the Muslims during the journey to Abyssinia and after returning to Mecca, after some time he migrated to Medina[7].

After migrating to Medina, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) established a bond of brotherhood among the Muslims; Sunni sources believe that a bond of brotherhood was established between Abd al-Rahman and Sa'd ibn Rabi'[8]. However, some Shia sources have stated that this bond of brotherhood was between Abd al-Rahman and Uthman[9].

It is narrated that Abd al-Rahman was present in all of the Prophet's (peace be upon him and his progeny) battles[10]. and in one of them he was in command.


Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal

One day the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny) summoned Abd al-Rahman and said to him: "Prepare yourself, for by the will of God, today or tomorrow I will send you for a battle". He then unwrapped his turban and tied it again on his head, leaving the end hanging down by four fingers, and said: "O son of Awf! If you tie your turban like this, it is better... Go forth in the name of God to jihad and fight only in the way of God with the unbelievers, do not use deceit or trickery, and do not kill any child[11]".

Abd al-Rahman set off with his companions until they reached "Dumat al-Jandal". They waited there for three days and invited the enemies to Islam. At first, they refrained from accepting Islam and said that their response would be nothing but the sword, but on the third day, Asbagh ibn Amr al-Kalbi, who was their chief and a Christian, converted to Islam. Following this, Abd al-Rahman wrote a letter to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) and informed Him that he wanted to choose a wife from that tribe for himself. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) advised him to marry Asbagh's daughter. Abd al-Rahman married Asbagh's daughter and came to Medina with her[12].

According to some narrations, the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny) himself told Abd al-Rahman from the beginning: "If they accept the invitation to Islam; marry the daughter of their chief[13]". In any case, it is clear that this order was to strengthen the pact between the two parties.


The Prophet Following Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf in Prayer

Some sources from Sunni have narrated from Al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba as follows: [During one of the battles] The Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) went out to relieve himself. I was with him. [After relieving himself] the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) said: "Do you have water with you?" So I brought a vessel of water for the Prophet. I poured water and the Prophet washed his face and wanted to wash his hands, but since his sleeve was tight, he had to take his hands out from under his cloak and wash them... . When we returned, we saw that Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf had recited the first rak'ah [while he was the prayer leader] and when he noticed the presence of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), he wanted to go back, but the Prophet signaled him to stay in his place and then prayed one rak'ah of prayer behind him. When the people and Abd al-Rahman said the salutation, the Prophet stood up and recited the other rak'ah and said the salutation and said to the people: "You did very well[14]". Similar matters have been narrated in other ways[15].


Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn Athir al-Jazari, Ali ibn Muhammad, Asad al-Ghabah fi Ma'rifat al-Sahabah, vol. 3, p. 376, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
  2. ↑ Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Ahmad ibn Ali, Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, verified by Abd al-Mawjud, Adil Ahmad, Muwwad, Ali Muhammad, vol. 4, p. 290, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1st edition, 1415 AH.
  3. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Yusuf ibn Abdullah, Al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab, verified by Bajawi, Ali Muhammad, vol. 2, p. 844, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1st edition, 1412 AH.
  4. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, Abd al-Rahman ibn Ali, Al-Muntazam, verified by Ata, Muhammad Abd al-Qadir, Ata, Mustafa Abd al-Qadir, vol. 5, p. 33, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1st edition, 1412 AH.
  5. ↑ Ibn Kathir al-Dimashqi, Ismail ibn Umar, Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, vol. 7, p. 163, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
  6. ↑ See: 38389; Examination of the narration "Promise of Paradise to Ten of the Companions of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny)".
  7. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 3, p. 92.
  8. ↑ Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Tarikh al-Islam, verified by Tadmiri, Umar Abd al-Salam, vol. 3, p. 392, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 2nd edition, 1409 AH; Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail, Al-Jami' al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar min Umur Rasul Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) wa Sunanihi wa Ayyamihi (Sahih al-Bukhari), verified by al-Nasir, Muhammad Zuhayr ibn Nasir, vol. 3, p. 53, Beirut, Dar Tawq al-Najat, 1st edition, 1422 AH.
  9. ↑ Qummi, Ali ibn Ibrahim, Tafsir al-Qummi, verified by Musawi al-Jaza'iri, Sayyid Tayyib, vol. 2, p. 109, Qom, Dar al-Kitab, 3rd edition, 1404 AH; Tabarsi, Fadl ibn Hasan, A'lam al-Wara bi-A'lam al-Huda, p. 184, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, 3rd edition, 1390 AH.
  10. ↑ Salihi al-Dimashqi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf, Subul al-Huda wa al-Rashad fi Sirat Khayr al-Ibad, vol. 11, p. 318, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1st edition, 1414 AH.
  11. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Malik, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, verified by al-Saqqa, Mustafa, al-Abyari, Ibrahim, Shalabi, Abd al-Hafiz, vol. 2, p. 632, Beirut, Dar al-Ma'rifah, 1st edition, n.d.
  12. ↑ Waqidi, Muhammad ibn Umar, Kitab al-Maghazi, verified by Marsden Jones, vol. 2, p. 560-561, Beirut, Mu'assasat al-A'lami, 3rd edition, 1409 AH.
  13. ↑ Ibn Sayyid al-Nas, Uyun al-Athar, vol. 2, p. 149, Beirut, Dar al-Qalam, 1st edition, 1414 AH.
  14. ↑ Qushayri Nishaburi, Muslim ibn Hajjaj, Al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar bi-Naql al-Adl an al-Adl ila Rasul Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) (Sahih Muslim), verified by Abd al-Baqi, Muhammad Fu'ad, vol. 1, p. 317, Beirut, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi, n.d.
  15. ↑ See: Nasa'i, Abu Abd al-Rahman Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb, Al-Sunan al-Kubra, verified by Shalabi, Hasan Abd al-Mun'im, vol. 1, p. 63, Beirut, Mu'assasat al-Risalah, 1st edition, 1421 AH; Sajistani, Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn Ash'ath, Sunan Abi Dawud, verified by Abd al-Hamid, Muhammad Muhyi al-Din, vol. 1, p. 37, Beirut, Al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah, Sidon, n.d.

References

Abd al-Rahman after the Demise of the Prophet

Some sources have counted Abd al-Rahman among the companions of Second Caliph in the incident of the alley of Banu Hashim and the threat to Lady Fatima (peace be upon her)[1].

But certainly the most important event in Abd al-Rahman's life in which he had a prominent presence and the course of Islamic history changed with his decision was the matter of the six-member council that the Second Caliph appointed to choose the Caliph after himself. Abd al-Rahman was chosen as the most important individual of this group; because in case of a tie in votes, the person he approved would become the Caliph of the Muslims. In the end, it was his vote that made Uthman the Caliph of the Muslims.

From some historical sources it is obtained that later Abd al-Rahman regretted this decision: "After the martyrdom of Abu Dharr in Rabdhah which Uthman was the cause of; Ali (peace be upon him) says to Abd al-Rahman that you are the cause of this work [since you made Uthman Caliph] Abd al-Rahman said: If you want, take your sword and I will also take my sword and [go to war against Uthman, since] he has opposed the conditions with which I gave him the Caliphate[2]."

Abd al-Rahman was among the wealthiest individuals of his time and there are narrations regarding his wealth[3]. His wealth was to the extent that at the time of his death he had huge financial wills and in one of them he willed fifty thousand dinars to be given to stranded individuals[4].

He had many children and in some sources he is considered the father of twenty sons and eight daughters[5].


Death of Abd al-Rahman

Abd al-Rahman finally died in the year 32 AH (652 CE) and was buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery[6].


Notes

  1. ↑ Jawhari Basri, Ahmad ibn Abd al-Aziz, al-Saqifa wa Fadak, Researcher: Amini, Muhammad Hadi, p. 70, Tehran, Maktabat Ninawa al-Haditha, n.d.
  2. ↑ Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya, Ansab al-Ashraf, Research: Zakar, Suhayl, Zirkali, Riyadh, Vol. 5, p. 546, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, First Edition, 1417 AH.
  3. ↑ Masudi, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn, Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma'adin al-Jawhar, Research: Daghir, As'ad, Vol. 2, p. 333, Qom, Dar al-Hijra, Second Edition, 1409 AH.
  4. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Vol. 3, p. 100.
  5. ↑ Al-Muntazam, Vol. 5, p. 34.
  6. ↑ Tarikh al-Islam, Vol. 3, p. 396.


References

Adapted from the website Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf; What kind of person was the Companion of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny)...

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