Draft:Abd al-Rahman al-Qadri
| Abd al-Rahman al-Qadri | |
|---|---|
| Name | Abd al-Rahman al-Qadri |
| Personal Details | |
| Birth Place | Kalimantan, Indonesia |
| Brith Date | 1155 AH (1742 CE) |
| Death Place | Pontianak, Indonesia |
| Death Date | 1223 AH (1808 CE) |
| Religion | Islam |
Abd al-Rahman al-Qadri (1155–1223 AH / 1742–1808 CE) was a political and military leader and the founder of the Pontianak Sultanate on the island of Borneo. He migrated from his homeland and founded the city of Pontianak, the capital of West Kalimantan, and established his kingdom there. He also constructed the Kadriyah Palace and the Pontianak Grand Mosque, which became symbols of the historic city. [1]
Lineage
Abd al-Rahman ibn Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadri ibn Salim ibn Abdullah Ba Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Maghrum ibn Salim ibn Ahmad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad Jamal al-Layl ibn Hasan al-Muallim ibn Muhammad Asad Allah ibn Hasan al-Turabi ibn Ali ibn al-Faqih al-Muqaddam Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad Sahib Mirbat ibn Ali Khali Qasam ibn Alawi ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Muhajir ibn Isa ibn Muhammad al-Naqib ibn Ali al-Uraydi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq ibn Muhammad al-Baqir ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin ibn Husayn ibn Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib and Imam Ali was the husband of Fatimah daughter of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny).
He was the thirty-third grandson of the Messenger of God Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) through his lineage.
Birth and Upbringing
He was born in the year 1155 AH / 1742 CE in the Matan region of Indonesia, which is now known as Ketapang, West Kalimantan province on the island of Borneo. His mother was Nyai Tua, the daughter of the Sultan of Matan. His father migrated from Hadhramaut to the Indonesian islands to preach and spread Islam and settled there. He travelled to several regions and arrived in Matan in the year 1145 AH, and the Sultan married his daughter to him, and after a few years he moved to the city of Mempawah. He passed away there in the year 1184 AH.[2] [3]
Abd al-Rahman was sixteen years old when his father migrated to Mempawah, and at the age of eighteen he married Princess Utin Jendar Midi, the daughter of the Sultan of Mempawah, and had two children by her named Qasim and Abd al-Rahman. In the year 1178 AH, he travelled to some islands and stayed there for two months, then went to Walimbang and stayed there for eleven months, and returned to Mempawah. After three months of residence in Mempawah, he travelled to Walimbang again, then went to Banjarmasin and stayed there for four months, and married Princess Batun, the daughter of the Sultan there, and two years later returned to Mempawah while having taken the title "Pangeran (Regent) Sharif Abd al-Rahman Nur al-Alam" and was travelling between Mempawah and Banjarmasin. He had two daughters named Alawi and Salma from his second wife. In Rabi' al-Awwal 1185 AH, when he returned to Mempawah, his father passed away, so he met with his brothers and Sharif Hamid al-Ba'bud and decided to migrate.
Founding of Pontianak
In Rajab 1185 AH (1771 CE), he departed for the Pontianak coast with 14 ships and on the second day penetrated into the country. His followers advanced to the land, cut down huge trees in the dense forests, and built houses. He then returned to Mempawah and brought a large ship with him, loaded what was needed, and went to his new city on the 4th of Ramadan. He engaged in house-building and street-building until it expanded.
In Jumada al-Thani 1191 AH, he went to Sangau with 40 small ships, the people of which were polytheists. The Amir of the place prevented their entry. However, Sharif Abdurrahman was determined to enter, so he entered by force. Sharif Abdurrahman then delayed going to Pontianak and busied himself with shipbuilding, which took 8 months to repair them. On 3 Muharram 1192 AH, a large number of warships and troops in a fleet consisting of two large ships, one special ship, and 28 small ships, went toward the enemy. Near Sangau, the enemy confronted him in Tayan. The enemy retreated and the Muslims advanced, so another battle took place in Kyutno on 26 Muharram, and on 11 Safar the enemy was defeated and fled to the mountains. The Muslims entered the city and stayed there for 12 days. On the return to Pontianak, he passed through Simfeng and built a fortress with six cannons there, and the construction costs were divided between him and Raja Haji, who returned with him to Pontianak.
A few days later, Raja Haji called the people and delivered a sermon to them, asking them to pledge allegiance to Sharif Abdurrahman. The people also pledged allegiance to Sharif Abdurrahman for the Sultanate in Pontianak. On Monday, 8 Sha'ban 1192 AH, the princes and notables came to Pontianak and a session was held in which Raja Haji spoke and concluded his speech by saying that Sharif Abdurrahman bin Hussein Alkadri is the Sultan.
He was the founder of the government and the first Sultan of Pontianak. He undertook the construction of the palace and Kadriyah Palace and the establishment of the Pontianak Grand Mosque.[4] [5]
Death
He died in 1223 AH (1808 CE) in Pontianak and was buried in Batulayang on the edge of the Kapuas River, and his family and relatives were buried around him.[6]
Notes
- ↑ "SEJARAH BERDIRINYA KOTA PONTIANAK". Pemerintah Kota Pontianak. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020.
- ↑ "The First Two Sultans of Pontianak". Persée. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019.
- ↑ Ota, Atsushi. "Pirates or Entrepreneurs?" The Migration and Trade of Sea People in Southwest Kalimantan, C. 1770-1820 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2020.
- ↑ "Istana Kadriyah". TRITAMA. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020.
- ↑ "Abdurrahman Pontianak Mosque". Dunia Masjid. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019.
- ↑ "Makam Raja Batu Layang". Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020.
References
Al-Mashhur, Abdurrahman bin Muhammad (1404 AH). Shams al-Zahira (PDF). Vol. II. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Alam al-Ma'rifah. p. 503.
Jamal al-Layl, Yusuf bin Abdullah (2002). Al-Shajarah al-Zakiyyah fi al-Ansab wa Sir Al Bayt al-Nubuwwah. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Maktabah al-Tawbah. p. 803.