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Abd al-Muttalib
NameAbd al-Muttalib
Personal Details
Birth PlaceMecca
Brith Date127 years before Hijrah (approx. 495 CE)
Death PlaceMecca
Death Date45 years before Hijrah (approx. 577 CE)
ReligionMonotheist

Abd al-Muttalib was the son of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf (to whom the Banu Hashim are attributed) and the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny). His name was Shaybah, his kunya was Abu al-Harith (Harith was his eldest son), and his mother was Salma bint Amr from the Khazraj tribe. Abd al-Muttalib was known among the people as "Fayyad" (Generous). Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim was born in Yathrib (Medina) and remained in Yathrib after his father's death during a trip to Syria, spending his childhood there until his uncle Al-Muttalib came for him and took him to Mecca. After Al-Muttalib's death, Abd al-Muttalib succeeded him. Among his important works were:

Eventually, Abd al-Muttalib died a few years after the expedition of Abraha (in the Year of the Elephant) due to old age. He spent part of his childhood in his mother's tribe in the city of Medina and was afterwards returned to Mecca by his uncle Al-Muttalib based on Hashim's recommendation. Hashim had told Al-Muttalib at the time of his death, "Look after your son, Shaybah," and since Al-Muttalib guarded him and the people considered him Al-Muttalib's slave, he was named Abd al-Muttalib.


Biography

"Abd al-Muttalib" or "Shaybat al-Hamd ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf"; was the ancestor of Prophet Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny) who was named "Shaybat al-Hamd"; because he had white hair on his head[1].

Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim was born in Yathrib (Medina) and remained in Yathrib after his father's death during a trip to Syria, spending his childhood there until his uncle Al-Muttalib came for him and took him to Mecca. After Al-Muttalib's death, Abd al-Muttalib succeeded him.

Among his important works were:

  • He revived the Zamzam Well, which had been destroyed due to the conflicts of the people of Mecca.
  • The guardianship of Prophet Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny) was also with him for a period.

Eventually, Abd al-Muttalib died a few years after the expedition of Abraha due to old age. Hashim - Abd al-Muttalib's father - married "Salma daughter of Zayd ibn Amr" from the Banu Najjar tribe in the city of Yathrib along his commercial journey. Salma's father conditioned that his daughter must be among her tribe during childbirth and Hashim accepted this condition.

Then Hashim stopped in Medina after returning from Syria and after a while departed for Mecca with his pregnant wife, but when Salma's delivery approached he took her to Yathrib and himself again went towards Syria, but in this trip Hashim died in the city of Gaza. Abd al-Muttalib was born after his father's death and spent seven or eight years in Yathrib[2].


Children

It is said: God granted Abd al-Muttalib ten sons and six daughters. The sons were:

  1. Harith;
  2. Abu Talib;
  3. Hamza;
  4. Zubayr;
  5. Abdullah;
  6. Aydaq;
  7. Muqawwim;
  8. Hajl;
  9. Abu Lahab;
  10. Abbas.

However, there is disagreement regarding some of these, and Al-Ya'qubi in his history considered "Aydaq" and "Hajl" as one and the tenth as "Qasim"[3]. Just as some have considered Muqawwim and Hajl as one.[4]. And Shaykh Saduq apart from Abbas mentioned their number as ten and like some others mentioned a child named "Dirar" for Abd al-Muttalib[5].

His daughters are:

  1. Atika;
  2. Umayma;
  3. Umm Hakim;
  4. Barrah;
  5. Arwa;
  6. Safiyya. (Mother of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam)

References

  1. ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya, Ansab al-Ashraf, research, Zakar, Suhayl, Zarkali, Riyadh, Vol 1, p 64, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, First Edition, 1417 AH.
  2. ↑ Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, History of Nations and Kings (Tarikh al-Tabari), research, Ibrahim, Muhammad Abu al-Fadl, Vol 2, p 247, Beirut, Dar al-Turath, Second Edition, 1387 AH.
  3. ↑ Hashim had told Al-Muttalib at the time of his death, "Look after your son, Shaybah," and since Al-Muttalib guarded him and the people considered him Al-Muttalib's slave, he was named Abd al-Muttalib.
  4. ↑ Al-Sira al-Halabiyya, Vol 1, p 4.
  5. ↑ The expansion of sin and corruption among the people is one of the causes of the descent of calamities and it is not unlikely that disgraceful acts cause famines and tribulations, and this matter in addition to being in accordance with philosophical principles, is explicitly stated in the Holy Quran and Islamic narrations. See: Surah Al-A'raf, Verse 96.

Migration from Medina to Mecca

With the death of Hashim, his brother Al-Muttalib took guardianship of Shaybah (Abdul-Muttalib)[1], but Al-Muttalib was in Mecca and his nephew was in Medina! Until one day Thabit ibn Mundhir entered Mecca and went to Al-Muttalib, who was his friend, and said to him: I wish you could see your nephew Shaybah (Abdul-Muttalib) in Yathrib; he lacks nothing in beauty, stature, and nobility...

Al-Muttalib said: By God, before night falls I will set out towards Yathrib to see him. Thabit said: I do not think his mother and uncles will give him up to you easily. Of course, you should not lose him either, and you must behave in such a way that Shaybah himself comes to you willingly.

Al-Muttalib set out from Mecca and when he arrived in Medina, he settled in a corner and searched for Shaybah, finding him engaged in an archery competition with his cousins... Salma (Shaybah's mother) sent for Al-Muttalib and invited him to her house. Al-Muttalib went to her and said: I have no more patience and I wish to take my nephew and bring him to his own city and people.

Salma said angrily: I will not send him away with you! Al-Muttalib said to Salma: Do not do this, for in any case I will not leave this place without my nephew; he has reached maturity and is a stranger here, not among his paternal relatives, and we are a noble family. Our people and Shaybah's residence in his own city and land is better for him than staying here, and wherever he is, he is your son. When Salma realized that Al-Muttalib would not withdraw from his decision, she asked for three days' respite, and Al-Muttalib stayed with them for three days, then departed with Shaybah, and both set out together[2].

Al-Muttalib entered Mecca at noon with Shaybah, and the Quraysh thought that Al-Muttalib had purchased this child and named him the slave of Al-Muttalib [Abdul-Muttalib], and from here this name remained on that child. Al-Muttalib said: Woe to you, what kind of talk is this? This is my nephew Shaybah, and when they saw him they said: Yes, by our lives we swear that he is his son[3].


Faith of Abdul-Muttalib

According to narrations, Abdul-Muttalib was not an idolater, but worshipped towards the Kaaba: Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said: "By God! Neither my father, nor my grandfather Abdul-Muttalib, nor Hashim, nor Abd Manaf, worshipped [[idol|idols]". It was asked of the Imam: So what did they worship? Imam (peace be upon him): "They worshipped towards the Kaaba and were upon the religion of Abraham (peace be upon him)[4]".

Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: "Gabriel descended upon the Prophet of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) and said: O Muhammad! God has accepted your intercession regarding five people: The womb that carried you, and that is Aminah daughter of Wahb ibn Abd Manaf. The loins that begot you, and that is Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib. The lap that raised you, and that is Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim...[5]".

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn Saad al-Katib al-Waqidi, Muhammad ibn Saad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, pp. 66–67, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2nd edition, 1418 AH (1997 CE).
  2. ↑ Ibn Saad al-Katib al-Waqidi, Muhammad ibn Saad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, pp. 66–67, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2nd edition, 1418 AH (1997 CE).
  3. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Malik, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, edited by al-Saqqa, Mustafa, al-Abyari, Ibrahim, Shalabi, Abd al-Hafiz, vol. 1, p. 138, Beirut, Dar al-Ma'rifah, 1st edition, n.d.
  4. ↑ Shaykh Saduq, Kamal al-Din wa Tamam al-Ni'mah, edited and corrected by Ghaffari, Ali Akbar, vol. 1, p. 174, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, 2nd edition, 1395 AH (1975 CE).
  5. ↑ Shaykh Saduq, Al-Khisal, edited and corrected by Ghaffari, Ali Akbar, vol. 1, p. 294, Qom, Islamic Publication Office, 1st edition, 1362 SH (1983 CE).

Abdul-Muttalib's Prominence Among the People of Mecca

After the death of Al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Abdul-Muttalib took control of affairs and became the owner of vast wealth[1].

Among Abdul-Muttalib's titles is the Owner of Zamzam[2]. Although the Zamzam well was created by a divine miracle; however, the Jurhum tribe, who were supposed to leave that place and hand over Mecca to the Khaza'ah tribe, completely destroyed that well and filled it[3]. But this well was dug years later by Abdul-Muttalib.

According to narrations, God showed Abdul-Muttalib the location of this well:

"Abdul-Muttalib was sleeping... he was commanded in a dream to dig Zamzam and he asked what Zamzam is? He received the answer: A place whose water is never exhausted and never decreases and quenches the thirst of many pilgrims and ... .

Abdul-Muttalib along with his son Al-Harith, who was his only son on that day, found the sign and began digging there. When the work was nearing completion, Quraysh became aware of the matter and said that this well belongs to our grandfather Prophet Ishmael and we have a right to it, and they demanded partnership in it. But Abdul-Muttalib refused to give this right... Eventually, the matter went to trial and they wanted to go to a soothsayer from Banu Sa'd in Sham to judge between them.

On the way, their water ran out, they became thirsty and saw their death... At this moment, a spring gushed from under Abdul-Muttalib's camel and they drank from it and were saved from certain death. Then they said: God has judged thus regarding you. We will never dispute with you regarding Zamzam and the One who gave you water to drink in this desert, is the same One who gave Zamzam to you[4]".

There are also other important events in Abdul-Muttalib's life; such as his conversation with Abraha[5] and sacrificing one of his children[6].

Also, Abdul-Muttalib was the guardian of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny) for some time and after his death, he entrusted his care to his son Abu Talib[7].

Death of Abdul-Muttalib

Based on narrations, Abdul-Muttalib passed away during the childhood of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) which was a few years after the story of Abraha[8]. And in the Hajjun region of Mecca[9]. He was buried on a mountain[10].

There are different narrations regarding his age. From eighty-two years[11] to one hundred and twenty years[12].

However, regarding the cause of his death, nothing was found in hadith and historical sources. However; considering the age mentioned for him, old age and its complications can be considered the main cause of his passing.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Al-Maqdisi, Mutahhar ibn Tahir, Al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh, Vol. 4, p. 111, Port Said, Maktabat al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya, n.d.
  2. ↑ Al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh, Vol. 4, p. 129.
  3. ↑ Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 1, p. 78.
  4. ↑ Ibn Kathir al-Dimashqi, Ismail ibn Umar, Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, Vol. 2, p. 244, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
  5. ↑ 25063; Companions of the Elephant, Miracle of Idols or Owner of the Kaaba.
  6. ↑ 21282; Vow to sacrifice Abdullah by Abdul-Muttalib.
  7. ↑ Musawi, Fakhar ibn Ma'd, Iman Abi Talib (Al-Hujjah ala al-Dhahib ila Kufr Abi Talib), Researcher, Corrector, Bahr al-Ulum, Muhammad, p. 289, Qom, Dar Sayyid al-Shuhada for Publishing, First Edition, 1410 AH; "Guardianship of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny) by Abu Talib", Question 45318.
  8. ↑ Abu Bakr Bayhaqi, Ahmad ibn Husayn, Shu'ab al-Iman, Researcher, Abdulhamid Hamid, Abdulali, Ashraf, Nadvi, Mukhtar Ahmad, Vol. 2, p. 514, Riyadh, India, Maktabat al-Rushd, Al-Dar al-Salafiyya, First Edition, 1423 AH; Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 15, p. 144, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, Second Edition, 1403 AH.
  9. ↑ Al-Maqrizi, Taqi al-Din, Imta' al-Asma' bi ma li al-Nabi min al-Ahwal wa al-Amwal wa al-Hafada wa al-Mata', Research, Nimisi, Muhammad Abdulhamid, Vol. 4, p. 96, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, First Edition, 1420 AH.
  10. ↑ Yaqut al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din Abu Abdullah, Mu'jam al-Buldan, Vol. 2, p. 225, Beirut, Dar Sadr, Second Edition, 1995 CE.
  11. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Vol. 1, p. 95.
  12. ↑ Al-Baghdadi, Muhammad ibn Habib, Al-Munammaq fi Akhbar Quraysh, Research, Farooq, Khurshid Ahmad, p. 364, Beirut, Alam al-Kutub, First Edition 1405 AH.
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