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[[File:نمحمد عفیف.jpg|right]]
[[File:Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century.jpg|thumb|]]
'''[[Mohammed Afif]]''' was one of the prominent media figures of [[Hezbollah]] Lebanon, a founding member of the party, and the media advisor to [[Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah]], the former Secretary-General of Hezbollah. He was martyred on Sunday, November 17, due to an Israeli airstrike in Beirut. This attack targeted a densely populated area that was sheltering many refugees.  
'''Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint''' is a 2004 academic monograph by German historian of Islam [[Rainer Brunner]]. Published by [[Brill Publishers]], the book examines twentieth-century efforts at [[Sunni–Shia relations|Sunni–Shiʿi rapprochement]] (''taqrīb'') with a particular focus on [[Al-Azhar University]] and its engagement with [[Twelver Shiʿism]]. The study is widely regarded as a foundational work in the field of modern intra-Islamic relations.
<span id="mp-more">[[Mohammed Afif|'''Continue ...''']]</span>
 
The book analyzes theological debates, institutional initiatives, and political contexts that shaped ecumenical discourse between Sunni and Shiʿi scholars from the late nineteenth century through the latter half of the twentieth century.
<span id="mp-more">[[Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint (Book review)|'''Continue ...''']]</span>

Latest revision as of 09:45, 19 January 2026

Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint is a 2004 academic monograph by German historian of Islam Rainer Brunner. Published by Brill Publishers, the book examines twentieth-century efforts at Sunni–Shiʿi rapprochement (taqrīb) with a particular focus on Al-Azhar University and its engagement with Twelver Shiʿism. The study is widely regarded as a foundational work in the field of modern intra-Islamic relations.

The book analyzes theological debates, institutional initiatives, and political contexts that shaped ecumenical discourse between Sunni and Shiʿi scholars from the late nineteenth century through the latter half of the twentieth century. Continue ...