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Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint is a 2004 academic monograph by German historian of Islam Rainer Brunner. Published by Brill Publishers, the book examines twentieth-century efforts at Sunni–Shiʿi rapprochement (taqrīb) with a particular focus on Al-Azhar University and its engagement with Twelver Shiʿism. The study is widely regarded as a foundational work in the field of modern intra-Islamic relations.

The book analyzes theological debates, institutional initiatives, and political contexts that shaped ecumenical discourse between Sunni and Shiʿi scholars from the late nineteenth century through the latter half of the twentieth century. Continue ...

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-[[File:John_L._Esposito.jpg|thumb|John L. Esposito]]
+[[File:Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century.jpg|thumb|]]
-'''John L. Esposito''' (born 1940) is an American scholar of [[Islamic studies]] and contemporary [[Islamic thought]]. He is widely recognized for his work on [[political Islam]], Islamic history, and interfaith dialogue. Esposito's scholarship emphasizes the diversity of [[Islam]] and Muslims worldwide and seeks to promote accurate understanding in both academic and public spheres (Esposito, 2023).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (2023). John L. Esposito. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-L-Esposito</ref>
+'''Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint''' is a 2004 academic monograph by German historian of Islam [[Rainer Brunner]]. Published by [[Brill Publishers]], the book examines twentieth-century efforts at [[Sunni–Shia relations|Sunni–Shiʿi rapprochement]] (''taqrīb'') with a particular focus on [[Al-Azhar University]] and its engagement with [[Twelver Shiʿism]]. The study is widely regarded as a foundational work in the field of modern intra-Islamic relations.
-<span id="mp-more">[[John L. Esposito|'''Continue ...''']]</span>
+The book analyzes theological debates, institutional initiatives, and political contexts that shaped ecumenical discourse between Sunni and Shiʿi scholars from the late nineteenth century through the latter half of the twentieth century.
+<span id="mp-more">[[Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint (Book review)|'''Continue ...''']]</span>