Pan-Islamism or Islamic unity: Difference between revisions
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=History= | =History= | ||
The Arabic term Ummah, which is found in the Quran <ref>e.g. [Quran 21:91] </ref> and Islamic tradition, <ref>e.g. Sahih al-Bukhari Vol. 9, Book 92, Hadith 384 </ref> <ref>Denny, F.M., “Umma”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 19 June 2020</ref> however was historically used to denote the Muslim nation altogether, surpassing race, ethnicity etc. <ref>Watt, W. Montgomery (1972). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford: Clarendon Press. </ref> <ref>Denny, F.M., “Umma”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 19 June 2020 </ref> and this term has been used in a political sense by classical Islamic scholars e.g. such as al-Mawardi in Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah, where he discusses the contract of Imamate of the Ummah, "prescribed to succeed Prophethood" in protection of the religion and of managing the affairs of the world. | The Arabic term Ummah, which is found in the Quran <ref>e.g. [Quran 21:91] </ref> and Islamic tradition, <ref>e.g. Sahih al-Bukhari Vol. 9, Book 92, Hadith 384 </ref> <ref>Denny, F.M., “Umma”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 19 June 2020</ref> however was historically used to denote the Muslim nation altogether, surpassing race, ethnicity etc. <ref>Watt, W. Montgomery (1972). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford: Clarendon Press. </ref> <ref>Denny, F.M., “Umma”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 19 June 2020 </ref> and this term has been used in a political sense by classical Islamic scholars e.g. such as al-Mawardi in Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah, where he discusses the contract of Imamate of the Ummah, "prescribed to succeed Prophethood" in protection of the religion and of managing the affairs of the world. <ref>Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah by al-Mawardi, Chapter 1 </ref> <ref>Fauzan, Ahmad. "Leadership Character According To Imam Al-Mawardi And Its Relevance In Indonesia: The Study Of The Book Of Al-Ahkam As-Sulthaniyyah." JURNAL PENELITIAN (2018): 39-50. </ref> <ref>Mansor, Wan Naim Wan. "Abu Hasan al-Mawardi: The First Islamic Political Scientist." (2015): 1-8. </ref> <ref>Gökkir, Necmettin. "Muslim Community/Ummah in Changing Society: Re-Contextualization of the Qur'an in Political Context." Hemispheres 24 (2009): 29. </ref> Al-Ghazali also talks about Ummah in a political sense[10][11] e.g. in his work, "Fadiah al-Batinyah wa Fadail al-Mustazhariyah".[12][13] | ||
Fakhruddin al-Razi, who also talks about Ummah in a political sense, is quoted as saying the following:[14][10] | Fakhruddin al-Razi, who also talks about Ummah in a political sense, is quoted as saying the following:[14][10] | ||
The world is a garden, whose waterer is the dynasty, which is the authority. The guardian of this authority is the Shari'ah and Shari'ah is also the policy which preserves the kingdom; the kingdom is the city which the army brings into existence; the army is guaranteed by wealth; wealth is acquired by the subjects (Ummah) who are made servants via justice; justice is the axis of well being of the world. | The world is a garden, whose waterer is the dynasty, which is the authority. The guardian of this authority is the Shari'ah and Shari'ah is also the policy which preserves the kingdom; the kingdom is the city which the army brings into existence; the army is guaranteed by wealth; wealth is acquired by the subjects (Ummah) who are made servants via justice; justice is the axis of well being of the world. | ||