Ayatullah Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi: Difference between revisions
Ayatullah Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi (view source)
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imported>Peysepar (Created page with "Sayyid Ḥusayn Burūjirdī Ṭabāṭabāʾī (Persian: سید حسین بروجردی طباطبایی) (b. 1292/1875 - d. 1380/1961) was one of the great Shi'a scholars of...") |
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==Life== | ==Life== | ||
He was born in Borujerd in Safar 1292 / March 1875. His father was Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i, also a religious scholar, and his mother was Sayyidah Agha Beygum, the daughter of Sayyid Muhammad Ali Tabataba'i. His lineage traces back 30 generations to Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a). | He was born in Borujerd in Safar 1292 / March 1875. His father was Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i, also a religious scholar, and his mother was Sayyidah Agha Beygum, the daughter of Sayyid Muhammad Ali Tabataba'i. His lineage traces back 30 generations to Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a). <ref>1. Dawani. 'Ali. Mafakhir. vol. 12. p. 69-95 </ref> | ||
After entering elementary school at the age of seven, Sayyid Husayn's father realized his talent for learning and sent him to Nurbakhsh seminary in Borujerd. | After entering elementary school at the age of seven, Sayyid Husayn's father realized his talent for learning and sent him to Nurbakhsh seminary in Borujerd. | ||
At the age of 18, he left Borujerd for Isfahan to continue his education. There, he attended the classes of Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Durchih'i, Mirza Abu l-Ma'ali Kalbasi and Sayyid Mohammad Taqi Mudarris. He also benefited from the philosophy lessons of Akhund Kashi and Jahangir Khan Qashqa'i.[2] After four years of study, he left Isfahan and returned back to his hometown. | At the age of 18, he left Borujerd for Isfahan to continue his education. There, he attended the classes of Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Durchih'i, Mirza Abu l-Ma'ali Kalbasi and Sayyid Mohammad Taqi Mudarris. He also benefited from the philosophy lessons of Akhund Kashi and Jahangir Khan Qashqa'i.[2] After four years of study, he left Isfahan and returned back to his hometown. | ||
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==Emigration to Borujerd== | ==Emigration to Borujerd== | ||
Due to the insistence of different groups, Burujirdi left Qom and returned to his hometown. After a short time, he went to Tehran for some medical treatment. There, Imam Khomeini and other scholars of Qom visited him and invited him to accept the religious leadership and directorship of the Islamic seminary of Qom. | Due to the insistence of different groups, Burujirdi left Qom and returned to his hometown. After a short time, he went to Tehran for some medical treatment. There, Imam Khomeini and other scholars of Qom visited him and invited him to accept the religious leadership and directorship of the Islamic seminary of Qom. <ref>Wa'iz zadi, Muhammad. zindigi ayatollah burujirdi. p. 53 </ref> | ||
==Staying in Qom== | ==Staying in Qom== | ||
He finally moved to Qom in 1945. Some 'ulama including Imam Khomeini, Sayyid Muhaqqiq Damad, Murtada Ha'iri and Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari attended his lessons along with their students in order to show his outstanding position and encourage other students to participate in his class. | He finally moved to Qom in 1945. Some 'ulama including Imam Khomeini, Sayyid Muhaqqiq Damad, Murtada Ha'iri and Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari attended his lessons along with their students in order to show his outstanding position and encourage other students to participate in his class. <ref>Ali abadi. Ulgu-yi zi'amat. p. 44. Majalli-yi hawza. no 23. p. 42 </ref> | ||
Sayyid Sadr al-Din al-Sadr, who was leading the congregational prayers in the Holy Shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) in Qom, left his position in favor of Ayatollah Burujirdi. Additionally, Sayyid Muhammad Hujjat left teaching his class so Burujirdi would take over. | Sayyid Sadr al-Din al-Sadr, who was leading the congregational prayers in the Holy Shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) in Qom, left his position in favor of Ayatollah Burujirdi. Additionally, Sayyid Muhammad Hujjat left teaching his class so Burujirdi would take over. <ref>'Alavi. Khatirat zindigani ayatullah burujirdi. p. 119-120 </ref> | ||
Although many people were following Sayyid Burujirdi in terms of religious laws, he officially started his religious leadership (Marja'iyyat) after publishing his practical book of Islamic laws (Risala 'Amaliyya). Thereafter, other scholars invited their followers to accept him as the only religious authority (Marja'-i Taqlid). | Although many people were following Sayyid Burujirdi in terms of religious laws, he officially started his religious leadership (Marja'iyyat) after publishing his practical book of Islamic laws (Risala 'Amaliyya). Thereafter, other scholars invited their followers to accept him as the only religious authority (Marja'-i Taqlid). | ||
A year after the demise of Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Isfahani, many of his followers turned to Burujirdi, and after the demise of Sayyid Husayn Tabataba'i Qomi, he became the only official religious leader (Marja'-i Taqlid) of the Shiite world. | A year after the demise of Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Isfahani, many of his followers turned to Burujirdi, and after the demise of Sayyid Husayn Tabataba'i Qomi, he became the only official religious leader (Marja'-i Taqlid) of the Shiite world. | ||
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He was a sincere believer. Whenever he was praised by others for his contributions to the Shi'a community he would say: "Purify your acts from hypocrisy, for the watcher (God) is very sharp-sighted." | He was a sincere believer. Whenever he was praised by others for his contributions to the Shi'a community he would say: "Purify your acts from hypocrisy, for the watcher (God) is very sharp-sighted." | ||
Ayatullah Burujirdi never stopped acquiring knowledge until the last moments of his life. He used to say, "I never get tired of studying; rather, when I get tired, I relax by studying." | Ayatullah Burujirdi never stopped acquiring knowledge until the last moments of his life. He used to say, "I never get tired of studying; rather, when I get tired, I relax by studying." <ref>Majalli-yi hawza. no 23-24. p. 262 </ref> | ||
He would tolerate and forgive the disrespectful behavior of his critics. | He would tolerate and forgive the disrespectful behavior of his critics. | ||
In the last days of Burujirdi's life, Professor Muris (a French physician) came from Paris to treat him. Before seeing the professor, he asked for a comb to tidy his beard. His friends told him this was not necessary since he was sick, but he answered, "I am the religious leader of Shi'a and it is not acceptable that I visit a non-Muslim with an untidy look." | In the last days of Burujirdi's life, Professor Muris (a French physician) came from Paris to treat him. Before seeing the professor, he asked for a comb to tidy his beard. His friends told him this was not necessary since he was sick, but he answered, "I am the religious leader of Shi'a and it is not acceptable that I visit a non-Muslim with an untidy look." <ref>'Alavi. Khatirat zindigani ayatullah burujirdi. p. 36 </ref> | ||
He was not afraid to frankly declare his opposition to some superstitious customs in the mourning ceremonies of Imam al-Husayn (a). | He was not afraid to frankly declare his opposition to some superstitious customs in the mourning ceremonies of Imam al-Husayn (a). <ref>Majalli-yi hawza. no 23-24. p. 267 </ref> | ||
Ayatollah Burujirdi vowed that if he became angry, he would fast for one year. | Ayatollah Burujirdi vowed that if he became angry, he would fast for one year. <ref>Majalli-yi hawza. no 23-24. p. 66 & 268 </ref> | ||
As reported by Ayatollah Gulpayigani, "Ayatollah Burujirdi frequently expressed his regret that he did not find the opportunity to become martyred." | As reported by Ayatollah Gulpayigani, "Ayatollah Burujirdi frequently expressed his regret that he did not find the opportunity to become martyred." <ref>shukuh fiqahat. p. 28 </ref> | ||
Charitable Works | Charitable Works | ||
According to Martyr Mutahhari, Ayatollah Burujirdi was eager to establish schools with religious management so that future generations would become religious and knowledgeable. He thus spent a considerable amount of religious tax to carry out this task. | According to Martyr Mutahhari, Ayatollah Burujirdi was eager to establish schools with religious management so that future generations would become religious and knowledgeable. He thus spent a considerable amount of religious tax to carry out this task. <ref>Mutahari. mazaya wa khadamat ayatullah burujirdi. p. 263 </ref> | ||
Ayatullah Burujurdi invited famous people and businessmen to his house and requested them to financially help the needy. Because of World War II, the price of food had gone up in Borujerd and the people were living in hardship. He himself spent much of his property for this cause. | Ayatullah Burujurdi invited famous people and businessmen to his house and requested them to financially help the needy. Because of World War II, the price of food had gone up in Borujerd and the people were living in hardship. He himself spent much of his property for this cause. | ||
The city of Borujerd also lacked electricity, but by the order of Ayatollah Burujirdi and the help of some religious people, a power plant was constructed to rectify the problem. | The city of Borujerd also lacked electricity, but by the order of Ayatollah Burujirdi and the help of some religious people, a power plant was constructed to rectify the problem. | ||
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As indicated by his support for Ayatollah Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Kashani, Ayatullah Burujirdi believed in participating in political activities for the purpose of defending religion. | As indicated by his support for Ayatollah Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Kashani, Ayatullah Burujirdi believed in participating in political activities for the purpose of defending religion. | ||
He held a firm and clear position in opposition to Israel. In 1948, he issued an announcement condemning the occupation of Palestine and wished victory for the Palestinian people. | He held a firm and clear position in opposition to Israel. In 1948, he issued an announcement condemning the occupation of Palestine and wished victory for the Palestinian people. <ref>Dawani. Mafakhir. vol. 12. p. 362 </ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Ayatollah Burujirdi passed away on Shawwal 12, 1380 (March 30, 1961). His son, Muhammad Hasan Tabataba'i, led his funeral prayer. After his death, the ambassadors of many Islamic countries expressed their condolences, and the embassies of some non-Islamic countries raised their flags at half-mast to express their respect. His body is buried in the Holy Shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) in Qom. | Ayatollah Burujirdi passed away on Shawwal 12, 1380 (March 30, 1961). His son, Muhammad Hasan Tabataba'i, led his funeral prayer. After his death, the ambassadors of many Islamic countries expressed their condolences, and the embassies of some non-Islamic countries raised their flags at half-mast to express their respect. His body is buried in the Holy Shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) in Qom. <ref>Dawani. Mafakhir. vol. 12. p. 532 </ref> <ref>https://en.wikishia.net/view/Sayyid_Husayn_Burujirdi</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||