Draft:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
| Zubayr ibn al-Awwam | |
|---|---|
| File:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.jpg | |
| Name | Zubayr ibn al-Awwam |
| Other Names | {{{other_names}}} |
| Personal Details | |
| Birth Place | Mecca |
| Brith Date | {{{birth_date}}} |
| Death Place | Battle of the Camel |
| Death Date | 36 AH |
| Religion | Islam |
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Qurashi al-Asadi, son of the paternal aunt of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny), was one of the Companions of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) and one of the Ten Promised Paradise from the perspective of Sunnis. He was among the first converts to Islam and among the Muhajirun to Abyssinia. During the Saqifah, he did not accept the ruling of the Saqifah Council and defended the Caliphate of Imam Ali (AS). Zubayr was a member of the Six-Man Council and voted in favor of Imam Ali (AS). He played an effective role in the revolt against Uthman and his killing. He defended the Caliphate of Imam Ali (AS), but shortly after, along with Talha, he stood against Imam Ali (AS) and instigated the Battle of the Camel.
Who is Zubayr
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, with the kunya Abu Abdullah, was the nephew of Khadija[1]. His father, al-Awwam (brother of Khadija), was killed in the War of Fijar[2]. His mother was Safiyya, daughter of Abd al-Muttalib, i.e., the paternal aunt of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) and Imam Ali (AS)[3]. Some consider the Al Zubayr family to be of Egyptian origin and do not accept their attribution to the noble Quraysh clan; this group relies on a narration according to which Khuyaylid ibn Asad, during a trip to Egypt, brought al-Awwam with him to Mecca, and in fact, al-Awwam was his adopted son[4]. Zubayr married Asma, daughter of Abu Bakr[5].
Zubayr's Conversion to Islam
Historical sources record Zubayr's conversion to Islam after the conversion of Abu Bakr; some have said he was 8 years old at that time[6]. However, some other historians considered him a 15-year-old adolescent at that time[7][8]. In a report, it is stated that he was the same age as Imam Ali (AS)[9]. In this case, he could not have converted to Islam at the age of eight, and the age of 15 seems correct. Zubayr is considered the fifth or sixth convert to Islam[10].
Zubayr during the Prophet's Time
Before the Hijrah
There is not much news about Zubayr before the Hijrah except that he is counted among the Migrants to Abyssinia[11]. When Zubayr and other migrants were in Abyssinia, it was rumored that Quraysh had converted to Islam, so some of the migrants, including Zubayr, returned to Mecca[12].
Pact of Brotherhood
One of the actions that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) took after the Hijrah to Medina was establishing the Pact of Brotherhood between Muslims; at that time, a pact of brotherhood was made between Zubayr and Abdullah ibn Masud[13]. In another narration, the pact of brotherhood between Zubayr and Salama ibn Salama ibn Waqsh is mentioned[14].
Presence in Battles
Zubayr's presence in the Battle of Badr[15], Uhud, and Conquest of Mecca has been reported[16].
Killing of Zubayr
In the Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kubra it is stated: After Ali (AS) reminded Zubayr of the hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny); that hadith which the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) had said to Zubayr: "O Zubayr, you will soon fight with Ali (AS), while you are wronging him." Zubayr left the battlefield and fled towards Medina[17]. After Zubayr's withdrawal, Amr ibn Jurmuz, along with several of his companions, pursued him and surprised and killed him in a place called Wadi al-Siba[18]. He then went to Imam Ali and told the gatekeeper to get permission for the killer of Zubayr to enter. The Imam said: Allow him to enter and give him the glad tidings of the fire of Hell[19]. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) had also said about the killer of Zubayr: The place of the killer of Zubayr is the Fire[20].
The Imam expressed dissatisfaction with the killing of Zubayr, and when he saw his sword, recalling Zubayr's bravery in the early Islamic wars, he said: This sword has removed grief from the face of the Messenger of God many times[21].
Construction of Mosque and Building over the Grave
Ibn al-Jawzi al-Hanbali writes in his history: "In the year 386 AH, the people of Basra, after certain events, built a mosque, dome, and shrine over Zubayr's grave and endowed many properties to it as waqf[22]".
Footnotes
- ↑ Al-Maqdisi, al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh, Maktabat al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya, vol. 5, p. 83
- ↑ Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinawari, al-Ma'arif, 1992 CE, p. 219
- ↑ Al-Maqdisi, al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh, Maktabat al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya, vol. 5, p. 83
- ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 11, p. 67
- ↑ Al-Sam'ani, Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad, al-Ansab, vol. 1, p. 217, edited by Abd al-Rahman ibn Yahya al-Mu'allimi al-Yamani, Hyderabad, Majlis Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Uthmaniyya, 1st ed., 1382/1962.
- ↑ Al-Maqdisi, Abu Nasr ibn Mutahhar ibn Tahir, al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh, vol. 5, p. 83
- ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Abu Umar Yusuf ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad (d. 463), al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab, vol. 2, p. 510, edited by Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1st ed., 1412/1992
- ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Ali, Usd al-Ghaba, vol. 2, p. 98
- ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Abu Umar Yusuf ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad (d. 463), al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab, vol. 2, p. 511, edited by Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1st ed., 1412/1992.
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi, Muhammad, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 3, p. 75
- ↑ Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, vol. 2, p. 415
- ↑ Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, vol. 2, p. 415
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 3, p. 75
- ↑ Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, vol. 2, p. 423
- ↑ Al-Sam'ani, al-Ansab, vol. 1, p. 216; Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 3, p. 77
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 3, p. 77
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) based on Quran, Hadith and History, Muhammad Muhammadi Rayshahri, Organization for Printing and Publishing Dar al-Hadith, Qom, 1386, vol. 5, p. 167
- ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 4, p. 511
- ↑ Al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 3, p. 254
- ↑ Ibn Asakir, Tarikh Madinat Dimashq, vol. 18, p. 421
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 3, p. 78
- ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wa al-Umam, vol. 14, p. 383