Jump to content

Draft:Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Add links
From Wikivahdat
Revision as of 09:11, 15 June 2026 by Translationbot (talk | contribs) (ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

Template:جعبه اطلاعات شخصیت

Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was a great Iranian philosopher, theologian, and mathematician of the 7th century AH who authored numerous scientific books and treatises on various subjects. Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi is considered equal in science to Bu Ali Sina, just as Ibn Sina was preeminent in medicine, Khwaja Nasir was also preeminent in mathematics.

He had a great interest in acquiring knowledge and became preeminent in mathematics, astronomy, and wisdom from a young age, becoming one of the famous scholars of his time. Tusi is one of the most renowned and influential figures in the History of Islam. He learned Religious sciences and practical sciences under his father, and logic and wisdom from his maternal uncle, Baba Afzal Ayyubi Kashani. He completed his studies in Nishapur and gained fame there as a prominent scholar.

Allamah Hilli, who was one of the students of Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, says about him: Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was the most excellent of our era and had many works in rational and transmitted sciences. He is the noblest of those we have encountered. In the official calendar of the country, the 5th day of Esfand month has been named as the day of commemoration of Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Engineer's Day.


Birthplace and Birth

The land of Tus is a region of Greater Khorasan that has been the origin of great and historic scholars. In the old geography of Iran, Tus consisted of various cities such as Nuqan, Tabaran, and Ardakan, and the holy shrine of Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (AS) was located near the city of Nuqan in a village named Sanabad, which after its expansion, is today considered one of the neighborhoods of the city of Mashhad.

It is said that once Shaykh Wajih al-Din Muhammad ibn Hasan, who was one of the elders and scholars of Qom and lived in the village of Jahroud subordinate to Qom[1], traveled to Mashhad with his family and out of desire for Pilgrimage of the eighth Imam of the Shia, and after the Pilgrimage, upon return due to his wife's illness, he settled in one of the neighborhoods of the city of Tus. After a while, at the request of the locals, in addition to leading Congregational prayer in the Mosque, he engaged in teaching at the seminary. On the morning of the 11th of Jumada al-Awwal in the year 597 AH, at sunrise, the dawn burst forth with radiance and the most brilliant face of wisdom and mathematics in the 7th century stepped into the arena of existence[2].

The father, by divination using the Holy Quran, named the newborn, who was his third son, Muhammad. Later, his kunya became Abu Ja'far, and he became known by titles such as (Nasir al-Din), Muhaqqiq Tusi, Master of Humanity, and Khwaja.


Education

Khwaja Nasir had a great interest in acquiring knowledge. In the city of Tus and during childhood, he learned religious sciences and practical sciences (Ethics, Quran, Morphology, Syntax, and Jurisprudence) under his father, and logic and wisdom from his maternal uncle[3]. And with his father's guidance, he studied in the presence of "Kamal al-Din Muhammad Hasib", who was a famous scholar in mathematics. He in the city of Tus and at the hands of his teacher "Nasir al-Din Abdullah ibn Hamzah" donned the garb of religious scholars and was given the title "Nasir al-Din" by his teacher.

He then migrated to Nishapur with the guidance of his father's uncle Nasir al-Din Abdullah ibn Hamzah and learned from the presence of great teachers such as "Farid al-Din Damad Nishaburi", "Isharat Bu Ali", and from "Qutb al-Din Misri", a student of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, the Canon of Ibn Sina. In addition to the above books, he also benefited from the presence of the famous mystic of that region "Attar of Nishapur" (d. 627 AH)[4].

He completed his studies in Nishapur for eight years and gained fame there as a prominent scholar. After that, he intended to depart for Iraq and in the year 619 AH, i.e., at the age of 22, he succeeded in receiving a narration permit[5].

As written, Khwaja learned jurisprudence from "Allamah Hilli" for some time and Allamah in turn learned wisdom lessons from Khwaja. "Kamal al-Din Mawsili", resident of the city of Mosul (Iraq), was another scholar who taught astronomy and mathematics to Khwaja, and thus Muhaqqiq Tusi passed the period of study, and after years of separation from homeland and family, returned to Tus[6].

Famous Students

  1. Allamah Hilli, a great Shia jurist and theologian (d. 726 AH), studied Hikmah under Khajeh Tusi[7]. He wrote a commentary on Khajeh Nasir's book Tajrid al-I'tiqad titled Kashf al-Murad. This book is one of the most famous commentaries on Tajrid[8].
  2. Ibn Maytham al-Bahrani, author of the book Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, a philosopher, mathematician, theologian, and jurist who was a student of Khajeh Nasir in Hikmah and his teacher in Fiqh[9].
  3. Qutb al-Din Shirazi (d. 710 AH), when Khajeh went to Qazvin accompanied by Hulagu, joined Khajeh, went with him to Maragheh, and became Khajeh Nasir's student in astronomy, mathematics, Philosophy, and medicine. Khajeh called him Qutb Falak al-Wujud[10].
  4. Sayyid Rukn al-Din (Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Sharafshah Alavi), was one of Khajeh's students and has commented on some of his works[11].
  5. Kamal al-Din Abd al-Razzaq Shaybani Baghdadi (642–723 AH), known as Ibn al-Fuwati, is one of the 7th-century historians and the books Mu'jam al-Adab and al-Hawadith al-Jami'ah are among his works. He was the librarian of the Maragheh Observatory library and, in his later years, was in charge of the Mustansiriya Library[12].
  6. Imad al-Din Harawi, known as Ibn al-Khawwam (643–728 AH), was unparalleled in his time in arithmetic and medicine, and the books Fawa'id Bahiyyah fi Qawa'id Hisabiyyah and An Introduction to Medicine remain from him[13].


Works

The books and scientific treatises of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi on various subjects are considered to be more than 184 titles[14]. Some researchers believe that considering his forced life in the castles of the Ismailis, many of his books were written in poor living conditions. Khajeh Nasir, in the introduction to the commentary on Al-Isharat, has written about his great suffering and increasing sorrow during the compilation of the book[15].

Some of His Works

  1. Tajrid al-I'tiqad: This book, from the time of its compilation until now, is one of the books taught in Shia Hawza in the field of Theology[16]. Khajeh Nasir has mixed Theology with Philosophy in this book and has solved theological issues using a philosophical method[17].
  2. Asas al-Iqtibas: This book is on the subject of logic and is in the Persian language[18]. Some have considered this book, after the logic section of Ibn Sina's book Al-Shifa, the most important book written on this subject[19].
  3. Commentary on Al-Isharat wa al-Tanbihat by Ibn Sina: This book is one of the textbooks of Peripatetic philosophy[20].
  4. Nasirean Ethics: Translation of Ibn Miskawayh's book Taharat al-A'raq along with additions[21].
  5. Beginning and End: This book is about the origin and Resurrection in which discussions related to the states of Qiyamah, Paradise, and Hell are raised in a mystical method[22].
  6. Tahrir Usul Uqlidis: The book Usul al-Handasah wa al-Hisab is a book that was composed about three hundred years BC by Euclid, the famous Greek mathematician and astronomer, and was one of the textbooks for mathematicians[23]. Khajeh Tusi, based on previous translations of this book and comparison between them, has recensed and commented on this work and has added other shapes and propositions to it[24].
  7. Zij-i Ilkhani: A book in which the states and movements of stars and the like, which are determined by observing them, are recorded.
  8. Al-Tadhkirah fi Ilm al-Hay'ah: According to Haji Khalifah, this book is a summary of the issues of this art and the proofs related to it[25].


Death

Khajeh Nasir passed away on the 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 672 AH while he was in Baghdad to organize the affairs of endowments and scholars. According to his will, he was buried in the shrine of Kazimayn[26]. He had also willed that no reference be made to his scientific characteristics on his grave and only the phrase Template:متن قرآن and their dog stretched out its two hands on the threshold [of the cave] be written on his tombstone[27].


See Also

Footnotes

Template:پانویس

  1. ↑ Fawa'id al-Radawiyyah, Shaykh Abbas Qumi, p. 603.
  2. ↑ He is a personality distinct from Shaykh al-Ta'ifah al-Tusi and Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk.
  3. ↑ Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought, History of Social Thought in Islam, pp. 139-140, Tehran, SAMT, 1387 SH, 7th ed.
  4. ↑ Khwansari, Muhammad Baqir, Rawdat al-Jannat, Vol. 6, p. 582.
  5. ↑ Modarresi Zanjan, Muhammad, Life and Philosophical Beliefs of Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, p. 28, Tehran, Amir Kabir, 1363 SH.
  6. ↑ Subhani, Ja'far, Encyclopedia of Classes of Jurists, Vol. 7, p. 243.
  7. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 238.
  8. ↑ Sadrai Khui, Bibliography of Tajrid al-I'tiqad, 1382 SH, p. 35.
  9. ↑ Khansari, Rawdat al-Jannat, 1390 AH, Vol. 6, p. 302.
  10. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 241 & 242.
  11. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 249.
  12. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 252 to 257.
  13. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 257 to 261.
  14. ↑ Farhat, Philosophical and Theological Thoughts of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi, 1389 SH, p. 71.
  15. ↑ Nasir al-Din Tusi, Commentary on Isharat, Vol. 2, p. 146.
  16. ↑ Allamah Hilli, Kashf al-Murad, 1413 AH, Editor's Introduction, p. 5.
  17. ↑ Nasir al-Din Tusi, Tajrid al-I'tiqad, 1407 AH, Researcher's Introduction, p. 71.
  18. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 420.
  19. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 420.
  20. ↑ Allamah Hilli, Kashf al-Murad, 1413 AH, Editor's Introduction, p. 5.
  21. ↑ Modarresi Razavi, Life and Works of Khajeh Nasir al-Din, 1354 SH, p. 9.
  22. ↑ Philosophy and Theology Section of the Great Islamic Encyclopedia, "Beginning and End", p. 440.
  23. ↑ Ramazani, Review of Works and Writings of Allamah Hassanzadeh Amoli, 1374 SH, p. 117.
  24. ↑ Muttaqi, Hossein, "Bibliography of Euclid's Elements, with Emphasis on the Recension of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi".
  25. ↑ Wiedemann, Eilhard, "Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi", 1391 SH, p. 32.
  26. ↑ Nemat, Falasifat al-Shia: Hayatuhum wa Ara'uhum, 1987 AD, p. 531; Amin, A'yan al-Shia, 1986 AD, Vol. 9, p. 418; However, Ibn Kathir in Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah wrote his death date as the 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah (Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 1997 AD, Vol. 17, p. 514).
  27. ↑ Azizi, Virtues and Conduct of the Fourteen Infallibles (AS) in the Works of Master Allamah Hassanzadeh Amoli, 1381 SH, p. 402.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikivahdat.com/w/index.php?title=Draft:Khwaja_Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi&oldid=3736"