Ibrahimiyah (Followers of Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Ja'far)
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Ibrahimiyah are the followers of Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Ja'far. He was initially among the missionaries of Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ismail, known as Ibn Tabataba, and after him, he claimed leadership in Yemen.
History
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ismail, known as Ibn Tabataba, after leaving Kufa and Abu al-Saraya's pledge of allegiance to him, among the Sayyids whom he sent to govern some of the Islamic lands on his behalf was Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Ja'far, the brother of [[Ali al-Rida|Imam Reza (AS)]. He appointed him to the governorship of Yemen[1].
Sayyid Murtada, the great theologian, and Sayyid Radi, the compiler of Nahj al-Balagha, are from his lineage[2]. According to the explicit statement of Shaykh Mufid and Shaykh Tabarsi, Ibrahim ibn Musa was a brave and generous individual. In the view of Allamah Majlisi, Ibrahim ibn Musa was also a praised individual[3].
Uprising of Ibrahim ibn Musa
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, known as Ibn Tabataba, rose up in the year 198 AH. In this uprising, Ibrahim ibn Musa joined him. After the death of Ibn Tabataba, Ibrahim ibn Musa joined Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Zayd and was commissioned by him to seize Yemen[4][5]. In another narration, it is stated that when Abu al-Saraya rose up and his affair and that of the Talibids escalated in Iraq, at that time Ibrahim ibn Musa and a group of people from his family were in Mecca. When the news of Abu al-Saraya and the Talibids of Iraq reached Ibrahim, he left Mecca with a number of his family members and went towards Yemen. At that time, a person named Ishaq ibn Musa al-Abbasi was the governor of Yemen on behalf of Al-Ma'mun. When he became aware of the arrival of Ibrahim ibn Musa to Yemen and his approach to Sana'a, he moved with all the cavalry and infantry at his disposal towards Najdiyah and left Yemen vacant for Ibrahim ibn Musa, as he was concerned about fighting him. For he had used the experience of his uncle Dawud ibn Isa who was in Mecca and Medina, and acted like him, and went towards Mecca until he camped in the Mashash region and intended to enter Mecca, but the Alavids of Mecca prevented him from entering. The mother of Ishaq ibn Musa, who was in Mecca and had gone into hiding out of fear of the Alavids, secretly joined her son's camp[6].
How Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Ja'far Was Defeated
When Abu al-Saraya was killed, Hasan ibn Sahl went to Al-Mada'in and sent Abdullah ibn Sa'id al-Jarshi to fight Muhammad ibn Hasan, and sent Hamdawayh ibn Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan to Yemen, which Ibrahim ibn Musa controlled. Ibrahim fought against him with his companions while casualties occurred on both sides. Subsequently, Ibrahim ibn Musa left Yemen intending for Mecca, and Yazid ibn Muhammad, who was the governor of Mecca, dug a trench around Mecca to prevent him. Ibrahim reached Mecca and Yazid ibn Muhammad and his companions stood against him. Ibrahim ibn Musa sent some of his companions to enter Mecca from the mountain side. After Ibrahim's entry into Mecca and the capture of the city and his residence there, Yazid fled the city. In the same year, Al-Ma'mun brought Imam Reza (peace be upon him) from Medina to Khorasan. On Monday, the 7th of Ramadan, 201 AH, he pledged allegiance to him as his successor and made the people wear green instead of black, and wrote the command to the surrounding regions, and took allegiance for Imam Reza (peace be upon him), and sermons were read in his name on the pulpits, and dinar and dirham coins were minted in his name, and no one remained who did not wear green clothes except Isma'il ibn Ja'far ibn Sulayman ibn Ali al-Hashimi, who was Al-Ma'mun's agent in Basra and refused to wear green clothes and declared it a breach of allegiance and revealed his disobedience. Al-Ma'mun also sent Isa ibn Yazid al-Jaludi towards Basra, and when he approached Basra, Isma'il fled without fighting, and al-Jaludi entered Basra and resided in that land, and Isma'il went to Hasan ibn Sahl. Hasan imprisoned him and consulted Al-Ma'mun regarding him. Al-Ma'mun wrote to send him to Merv. When he approached Merv, Al-Ma'mun ordered him to be returned to Gorgan and imprisoned there. He remained imprisoned in Gorgan until he was released from prison after some time. Al-Ma'mun sent the command of allegiance to Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with Isa al-Jaludi to Mecca, and al-Jaludi arrived in Mecca with (the slogan) green and the allegiance of Reza, and Ibrahim hastened to welcome him, and the people of Mecca pledged allegiance to Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and wore green clothes. In the year 202, Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Ja'far became the commander of the Hajj by order of Al-Ma'mun[7] and invited the people to pledge allegiance to his brother Imam Reza (peace be upon him)[8]. When Ibrahim was in Mecca, Hamdawayh ibn Ali disobeyed, and Al-Ma'mun entrusted the government of Yemen to Ibrahim ibn Musa and ordered al-Jaludi to assist Ibrahim in the war against Hamdawayh. But al-Jaludi did not go with Ibrahim, and Ibrahim, after defeating Hamdawayh's army led by Hamdawayh's son, headed for Sana'a, but this time Hamdawayh himself arrayed against Ibrahim and a fierce war took place between them in which many of Ibrahim's companions were killed and Ibrahim fled and returned to Mecca[9].
Death of Ibrahim
After these events, Ibrahim acted against Al-Ma'mun until al-Jaludi captured him and sent him to Baghdad, and there he was killed by poison. But according to one narration, Ibrahim himself requested amnesty and gained amnesty through the mediation of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and was in Baghdad until they killed him with poison[10].
Footnotes
- ↑ Mashkur, Muhammad Jawad, Farhang-e Feraq-e Eslami, Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi Publishing, 1372 SH, First Edition, p. 13, with editing and correction of phrases
- ↑ Ibn Hazm Al-Andalusi, Jamharat Ansab al-Arab, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah Publishing, First Edition, 1403 AH, p. 63
- ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, Beirut, Al-Wafa Institute Publishing, 1404 AH, Vol. 48, p. 303
- ↑ Isfahani, Ali ibn Husayn Abu al-Faraj, Maqatil al-Talibin, Beirut, Dar al-Ma'rifah Publishing, p. 435
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Shiaism, Vol. 1, p. 1.
- ↑ Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, Beirut, Dar al-Turath Publishing, 1387 AH, Second Edition, Vol. 8, p. 536
- ↑ Al-Mas'udi, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Husayn ibn Ali, Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma'adin al-Jawhar, Qom, Dar al-Hijrah Publishing, 2nd ed., Year 1409 AH, Vol. 3, p. 441
- ↑ Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, Vol. 8, p. 567.
- ↑ Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abi Ya'qub ibn Ja'far ibn Wahb, Tarikh Ya'qubi, Beirut, Dar Sader Publishing, Vol. 2, pp. 449 and 450,
- ↑ Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Tashi'ah, Vol. 1, p. 1.