Ibrahimiyah

Ibrahimiyah, were the followers of Ibrahim bin Abdullah bin Hasan (Hasan al-Muthanna 97-145 AH). His uprising in Iraq took place after the revolt of his brother Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Hasan, known as Nafs al-Zakiyyah, against Al-Mansur in Medina.

History

It is narrated that Ibrahim's father, named Abdullah al-Mahd, following the revolt of Walid bin Yazid Umayyad in Abwa' (a region near Mecca on the route to Medina), obtained the consent of all the elders of Banu Hashim in a council to recognize his son Muhammad as the claimant to the caliphate of the Umayyads. Accordingly, allegiance was pledged to Muhammad, who was a 32-year-old youth at the time, but Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) refrained from agreeing with him and did not deem the revolt of Banu Hashim expedient in those turbulent times. From that time onward, Muhammad and his brother Ibrahim strove to reach the caliphate and dispatched envoys from their side to the eastern and western lands of Islam. After the victory of the Banu al-Abbas over the Umayyads and the Islamic caliphate coming into the hands of Abdullah al-Saffah, during his short caliphate he occupied himself with strengthening the foundations of the Abbasid Caliphate and did not have the opportunity to pay attention to the activities of those two brothers. After the death of al-Saffah, his brother Al-Mansur succeeded him and proceeded to suppress them. During his time, Muhammad Nafs al-Zakiyyah raised the banner of rebellion in Medina on the 1st of Rajab, 145 AH. On the other hand, his brother Ibrahim, around whom many supporters had gathered in Basra, revolted with the intention of aiding his brother in Ramadan, 145 AH, and within a short time gained control over the lands of Iraq, Khuzestan, and Fars. Al-Mansur al-Abbasi himself hastened to suppress him and went from Baghdad to Kufa to prevent the inhabitants of that city from joining Ibrahim in this revolt. Then he sent an army under the command of his nephew Isa bin Musa to Hejaz and defeated Muhammad Nafs al-Zakiyyah in Medina. After killing Muhammad, Isa bin Musa was sent to Basra by order of Al-Mansur to suppress Ibrahim. Ibrahim, who had many supporters in Basra, initially defeated the troops of Isa bin Musa, but after news arrived of his brother Nafs al-Zakiyyah's death in Medina and a dispute that arose between the Hasani Shi'as, i.e., the Ibrahimiyah, and the Husayni Shi'as and supporters of Zayd bin Ali bin Husayn, the Abbasids took advantage of their division. Isa bin Musa defeated Ibrahim, and due to a fatal wound he had received, he died on the 25th of Dhu al-Qi'dah, 145 AH.

See Also

• Nafs al-Zakiyyah
• Medina
• Baghdad
• Kufa
• Abbasids
• Umayyads

Sources

• Mohammad Javad Mashkur, Farhang-e Feraq-e Eslami, Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi Publications, 1993 CE, 2nd ed., Entry date: n.d., Access date: 4 January 2026 CE.