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The Islamic world, also known as the Muslim world, consists of the global community of Muslims who adhere to the religion of Islam and live in societies where Islam is prevalent (Waldman & Zeghal, 2026). This community is often referred to as the Ummah (Arabic: أمة), meaning "nation" or "community" (Waldman & Zeghal, 2026). In a modern geopolitical sense, the term refers to countries where Islam is widespread, though there are no universally agreed criteria for inclusion (TheFreeDictionary.com, n.d.). The alternative term "Muslim-majority countries" is frequently used to describe nations where Muslims constitute more than 50% of the population (Waldman & Zeghal, 2026). Continue ...