Ammar ibn Yasir
Ammar ibn Yasir was one of the companions of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family) who converted to Islam during the secret call of the era of the Prophethood. His family was severely tortured by the polytheist nobles of Mecca, so much so that his parents were martyred for accepting Islam, and he himself was tortured in a way that none of the companions of the Messenger of God were tortured as much as he was for accepting Islam. Ammar had a deep knowledge of Islam, and his insight and complete knowledge had enabled him to recognize the seditions well, explain the truth, and adopt firm positions in the ups and downs of events. During the period of migration, Ammar was always a defender of Islam and an active participant in all the battles. After the death of the Messenger of God, he supported the Ahl al-Bayt during the era of the first three caliphs and was among those who opposed the allegiance to the first caliph. He was the governor of Kufa for a while during the time of the second caliph, and during the reign of Uthman, he was among those who objected to his way of ruling and was tortured by him. During the caliphate of Imam Ali (a.s.), Ammar was one of the staunchest supporters of Imam Ali (a.s.) and supported him in the battles of Jamal and Seffin, and was martyred in this way.
A summary life of Ammar Yasir
Ammar, nicknamed Abu Yaqzan, was the son of Yasir ibn Ammar, ibn Malik, ibn Konaneh, ibn Qeys, bin Al-Hasin, ibn Al-vazim, ibn Tha’alabeh, ibn owf, ibn Harithah, ibn Amer Al-Akbar, ibn Yam, ibn Anas, ibn Malik, ibn Adad, ibn Zeyd, and ibn Yashjab Al-Mazhaji .[1] His mother was Somayyah bint Khabat .[2]Ammar was from the Qahtani tribe of Yemen and an ally of the Bani Makhzoom .[3] He was one of the prominent companions of the Messenger of God who, along with his parents, were among the first Muslims, and his mother Somayyah was the first female martyr for accepting Islam. She was among the thirty-odd people who converted to Islam at the beginning of Islam and suffered many tortures .[4] Some reports consider Ammar to be among the seven who publicly declared his conversion to Islam .[5] Ammar's mother, Somayyah, was initially a slave girl of Abu Hozayfah Makhzoomi, who, after her release, married her to Yasir, who was allied with the Bani Makhzoom tribe .[6]
. It is reported that when the Prophet saw Ammar and his family being tortured, he would say: "O family of Yasir! Be patient, for Paradise is your promised destination.[7] "Be patient, O family of Yasir, O Allah, forgive the family of Yasir".[8] There is disagreement about Ammar's migration to Abyssinia.[9] but he was one of the first emigrants to Medina, [10]and actively participated in the construction of the first mosque in that city (the Qoba Mosque),[11] and was present in the (important) battles of the Prophet's time.[12]
Ammar Yasir after the Prophet
Ammar also had an active presence in the social scene after the death of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his family). The second Caliph, after consulting with Imam Ali (peace be upon him), appointed Ammar as the governor of Kufa and wrote in his decree addressing the people of Kufa that Ammar was from the noble companions of the Prophet.[13] The narrator says: On the day of the Battle of Yamamah, I saw Ammar Yasir standing on a rock overlooking the battlefield and saying in a loud voice: O Muslims! I am Ammar Yasir! Are you fleeing from Paradise?! Come to me! I looked and saw that Ammar's ear was cut off and hanging, but Ammar was still continuing his fight fiercely .[14]
Quran Verses revealed regarding Ammar
According to some exegetical sources, the revelation of these verses is in some way related to Ammar Yasir:
Surah Al-Imran, verse 69:“A group of the People of the Book were eager to lead you astray; yet they lead no one astray except themselves,but they are not aware.”[Al-Imran–69] .[15]
Surah An'am, verse 122
"And whoever was dead, we resurrected him and made him a light for people to walk in... “Is he who was lifeless, then We gave him life and provided him with a light by which he walks among the people, like one who dwells in a manifold darkness…..” [An'am-122] .[16]
Surah Nahl, verse 106 “Whoever renounces faith in Allah after [affirming] his faith - barring someone who is compelled while his heart is at rest in faith—...” [Nahl-106].[17]
It is narrated that Ammar was forced to declare disbelief, and some people said that Ammar had disbelieved, but the Prophet said: “No, indeed, Ammar is full of faith from head to toe, and faith is mixed with his flesh and blood.[18]
Surah Al-Qasas, verse 61 “Is he to whom We have given a good promise,which he will receive,like him whom We have provided the wares of the life of this world, but who will be arraigned on the Day of Resurrection?”[Qasas–61] .[19]
Surah Az-Zumar, verse 9 "Is he who supplicates in the watches of the night,prostrating and standing,apprehensive of the Hereafterand expecting the mercy of his Lord . . . ? " [20]
. Surah Az-Zumar, verse 22
“Is someone whose breast Allah has opened to Islam, so that he follows a light from His Lord?...” [Zumar-22].[21]
The Martyrdom of Ammar
Ammar ibn Yasir was finally martyred after years of struggle in the cause of Islam, in the Battle of Seffin in 37 AH at the age of 93 [22] or 94.[23] [ He was martyred by Abu Ghayah Mazani and his blessed head was severed from his pure body by another person. The two men were feuding and fighting over who had killed Ammar, and each was proud that he had killed him. Amr ibn As said: "By God, they are feuding over the fire of Hell." Hearing this, Moawiyyah said to Amr As: "I have never seen anything like what you have done; for you say to the people who give their lives in our cause, 'Are you quarreling over the fire of Hell?'" Amr As said: By God, it is so, and you know it, and I wished I had died twenty years ago.[24] Imam Ali (a.s.) said beside his body: “May Allah have mercy on Ammar on the day he accepted Islam, may Allah have mercy on Ammar on the day of his murder, and may Allah have mercy on Ammar on the day when he returns modesty".[25] Then he prayed over him and buried him in his own shirt without ghusl.[26]
References
- ↑ Ibn Athir al-Jazari, Ali ibn Muhammad.(1989). Osodol-Ghabah Fi Ma’rafah Al-Sahabah, vol. 3, Beirut: Dar al-Fekir.
- ↑ Ibn Athir al-Jazari, Ali ibn Muhammad.(1989). Osodol-Ghabah Fi Ma’rafah Al-Sahabah, vol. 6, Beirut: Dar al-Fekir
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ 6- Ibid.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Ahmad ibn Ali.(1994). Al-Isabah fi Tamiz al-Sahaba, first edition, researched by Abdul-Mujoud, Adel Ahmad, Mu'awaz, Ali Muhammad, vol.1, Beirut: Dar Al-Kutb Al-Ilmiyyah.
- ↑ Ibn Abdul-Barr, Yusuf bin Abdullah.(1991). Al-Isti'aab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab, first edition, researched by Al-Bajawi, Ali Muhammad, vol. 4, Beirut:Dar Al-Jil
- ↑ Ibn Athir al-Jazari, Ali ibn Muhammad.(1989). Osodol-Ghabah Fi Ma’rafah Al-Sahabah, vol. 3, Beirut: Dar al-Fekir.
- ↑ Ibn Athir al-Jazari, Ali ibn Muhammad.(1989). Osodol-Ghabah Fi Ma’rafah Al-Sahabah, vol. 3, Beirut: Dar al-Fekir.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Abdul Malik.(1989). Al-Sira al-Nabawiyyah (The Prophet's Biography), first edition, research, Al-Saqa, Mustafa, Al-Abyari, Ibrahim, Shalabi, Abdul Hafiz, vol.1, Beirut: Dar Al-Mara'fah.
- ↑ Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir.(1967). History of Nations and Kings (Tabari's History), second edition, research, Ibrahim, Muhammad Abu al-Fadl, vol.11, Beirut: Dar Al-Turath.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Ahmad bin Ali.(1994). Al-Isabah fi Tamiz al-Sahaba, first edition, researched by Abdul-Mujoud, Adel Ahmad, Mu'awaz, Ali Muhammad, vol.4, Beirut: Dar Al-Kutb Al-Ilmiyyah
- ↑ Ibn Abdul-Barr, Yusuf bin Abdullah.(1991). Al-Isti'aab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab, first edition, researched by Al-Bajawi, Ali Muhammad, vol. 3, Beirut:Dar Al-Jil; Al-Balādhurī, Aḥmad B. Yaḥyā B. Jābir.(1996).Ansāb al-Ashrāf, research, Zakar, Sohail, Beirut:Dar Al-fekir,; Al-Zarkoli, Khair Al-Din.(1980).Al-A'lam, vol. 1,Beirut: Dar Al-Ilm Lil-Malayin.
- ↑ Regarding the connection of this verse with Ammar ibn Yasir, Please refer to the book:Al-Balkhi,Abu al-Hasan Muqatil ibn Sulayman ibn Bashir al-Azdi.(2002). The Commentary of Muqatil ibn Sulayman, research, Shehata, Abdullah Mahmoud, first edition, vol. 1, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turat.
- ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hassan.Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, vol. 4, Beirut: Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi
- ↑ Zamakhshari, Mahmoud ibn Umar.(2006). Al-Kashshaf an Haqa'iq Ghawamid al-Tanzil (The Revealer of the Truths of the Obscurities of Revelation), vol. 2, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi
- ↑ Ibn Abi Jumhur, Muhammad ibn Zayn al-Din.(1983). Awali al-Laali al-Aziziyyah fi al-Ahadith al-Diniyyah (The Exalted Pearls of the Precious in Religious Narrations),Researcher & Editor, Iraqi, Mujtaba,Vol.2,Qom: Seyyed al-Shohada Press
- ↑ Samarqandi, Nasr ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Bahr al-Uloom, research, commentary, al-Amravi, Muhib al-Din Abu Saeed Omar ibn Gharamah, vol. 2, Beirut: Dar al-Kitb al-Ilmiyah.
- ↑ Ibn Saad, Kateb Vaqedi , Muhammad ibn Saad.(1989). Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, first edition, research, Atta, Muhammad Abdul Qadir, vol. 3, Beirut: Dar al-Kutb al-Ilmiyyah
- ↑ Abu Hamza Thomali, Thabit ibn Dinar.(1999). Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim, research, Herz al-Din, Abdul Razzaq Muhammad Hussain; Ma’rifat, Muhammad Hadi, Qum: Daftar Nashr al-Hadi.
- ↑ Ibn Jowzi, Abdul Rahman ibn Ali.(1991). Al-Muntazam, researcher, Atta, Muhammad Abdul Qadir, Atta, Mustafa Abdul Qadir, Vol. 5, first edition, Beirut: Dar al-Kutb al-Ilamiyah
- ↑ Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir.(1967). History of Nations and Kings (Tabari's History), second edition, research, Ibrahim, Muhammad Abu al-Fadl, vol.11, Beirut: Dar Al-Turath
- ↑ Ibn Saad Katib Waqidi, Muhammad ibn Saad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, research, Atta, Muhammad Abdul Qadir, vol. 3. Beirut: Dar al-Kutb al-Ilmiyyah
- ↑ Al-Balādhurī, Aḥmad B. Yaḥyā B. Jābir.(1996).Ansāb al-Ashrāf. vol. 1,Beirut:Dar Al-fekir.
- ↑ Homayri, Abdullah ibn Ja'far.(1992). Qobr al-Asnad, Qom :Al al-Bayt Foundation (peace be upon them) for the Revival of Heritage.