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Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis): Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "'''The Islamic Consultative Assembly''' is one of the pillars of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its representatives are elected every four years through direct and secret ballot by the people for a four-year term. The Assembly has so far completed eleven terms, with the twelfth term beginning in May 2024. Its primary functions are enacting and interpreting ordinary laws and also supervising the implementation of laws. == History of the parliament in Iran == The fir...") |
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The first formal concept of a parliament in Iran dates back to the Parthian era, with the most famous being the "Mahestan" assembly. This assembly consisted of members from two other councils: the "Family Council," comprising male members of the royal family, and the "Council of Elders," composed of senior and experienced men and high-ranking clergy of the Parthian tribe. The Parthian kings consulted with this assembly on state affairs. | The first formal concept of a parliament in Iran dates back to the Parthian era, with the most famous being the "Mahestan" assembly. This assembly consisted of members from two other councils: the "Family Council," comprising male members of the royal family, and the "Council of Elders," composed of senior and experienced men and high-ranking clergy of the Parthian tribe. The Parthian kings consulted with this assembly on state affairs. | ||
From the Qajar era to the present, various assemblies have been established as follows: | From the Qajar era to the present, various assemblies have been established as follows:<ref>History of the Parliament in Iran, Comprehensive Information Database of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Retrieved March 17, 2025, from <nowiki>https://www.parliran.ir</nowiki>.</ref> | ||
== The State Consultative Assembly == | == The State Consultative Assembly == | ||
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful; I swear by Allah Almighty before the Holy Quran and, relying on my human honor, I pledge to be the guardian of the sanctity of Islam and the guardian of the achievements of the Islamic Revolution of the Iranian nation and the foundations of the Islamic Republic. I will also safeguard the trust entrusted to us by the nation as a just trustee, and I will observe trustworthiness and piety in carrying out the duties of attorneyAnd I will always adhere to the independence and advancement of the country, protect the rights of the nation, and serve the people. I will obey the Constitution and, in my words, writings, and comments, I will consider the independence of the country, the freedom of the people, and the provision of their interests. | In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful; I swear by Allah Almighty before the Holy Quran and, relying on my human honor, I pledge to be the guardian of the sanctity of Islam and the guardian of the achievements of the Islamic Revolution of the Iranian nation and the foundations of the Islamic Republic. I will also safeguard the trust entrusted to us by the nation as a just trustee, and I will observe trustworthiness and piety in carrying out the duties of attorneyAnd I will always adhere to the independence and advancement of the country, protect the rights of the nation, and serve the people. I will obey the Constitution and, in my words, writings, and comments, I will consider the independence of the country, the freedom of the people, and the provision of their interests. | ||
After the speeches and oath-taking of the elected representatives, the delegates are divided equally into fifteen branches based on a drawing of lots to review their credentials. At the end of the session, the delegates attend the holy shrine of Imam Khomeini and Behesht Zahra Cemetery to commemorate the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini (RA), and the martyrs of the Islamic Revolution, and to pay their respects and renew their vows with them | After the speeches and oath-taking of the elected representatives, the delegates are divided equally into fifteen branches based on a drawing of lots to review their credentials. At the end of the session, the delegates attend the holy shrine of Imam Khomeini and Behesht Zahra Cemetery to commemorate the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini (RA), and the martyrs of the Islamic Revolution, and to pay their respects and renew their vows with them<ref>Formation and Opening of the Parliament, Islamic Parliament Research Center (IPRC),Retrieved March 17, 2025, from <nowiki>https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/133353</nowiki></ref>. | ||
== Structure of the Parliament == | == Structure of the Parliament == | ||
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== Structure of the parliamentary structure == | == Structure of the parliamentary structure == | ||
The parliamentary structure of the Islamic Consultative Assembly consists of the Speaker, the Presiding Board, and various committees and commissions | The parliamentary structure of the Islamic Consultative Assembly consists of the Speaker, the Presiding Board, and various committees and commissions<ref>'''Parliamentary Structure of the Parliament, Comprehensive Information Database of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Retrieved March 17, 2025, from <nowiki>https://www.parliran.ir</nowiki>'''</ref>. | ||
== Speaker == | == Speaker == | ||
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== Organizational Structure of the Parliament == | == Organizational Structure of the Parliament == | ||
In terms of organization, four institutions are subordinate to the Islamic Consultative Assembly: the Parliamentary Research Center, the Court of Accounts, the Islamic Research Center, and the Library, Museum, and Documentation Center. In addition to the aforementioned institutions, the Parliament has three deputy departments: oversight, legislation, and executive | In terms of organization, four institutions are subordinate to the Islamic Consultative Assembly: the Parliamentary Research Center, the Court of Accounts, the Islamic Research Center, and the Library, Museum, and Documentation Center. In addition to the aforementioned institutions, the Parliament has three deputy departments: oversight, legislation, and executive<ref>Organizational Structure of the Parliament, Comprehensive Information Database of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Retrieved March 17, 2025,from [https://www.parliran.ir/ https://www.parliran.ir]</ref>. | ||
== Deputy for Supervision == | == Deputy for Supervision == | ||
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== Consent supervision == | == Consent supervision == | ||
This means that some legal acts are carried out under the direct supervision and with the approval and discretion of the supervisor and have no legal validity without the supervisor's consent. These cases include | This means that some legal acts are carried out under the direct supervision and with the approval and discretion of the supervisor and have no legal validity without the supervisor's consent. These cases include<ref>Nazar-pour,Mahdi(2008).Introduction to the Islamic Republic of Iran system,Qom:Zamzam Hedayat</ref>: | ||
Establishment Supervision: A type of approval supervision by the Islamic Consultative Assembly over the executive branch is establishment supervision over the commencement of government work; meaning that after electing ministers and before taking any action, the president must obtain the vote of confidence of the Assembly for each of them. In other words, the representatives of the Assembly must supervise the formation of the government and give them a positive or negative vote based on the programs of each of the introduced individuals, their moral, practical and experimental qualifications, and scientific qualifications. | Establishment Supervision: A type of approval supervision by the Islamic Consultative Assembly over the executive branch is establishment supervision over the commencement of government work; meaning that after electing ministers and before taking any action, the president must obtain the vote of confidence of the Assembly for each of them. In other words, the representatives of the Assembly must supervise the formation of the government and give them a positive or negative vote based on the programs of each of the introduced individuals, their moral, practical and experimental qualifications, and scientific qualifications. | ||
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== Number of Representatives == | == Number of Representatives == | ||
The number of representatives in the parliament is 290, and the increase in its number is based on Article 64 of the Constitution. Of the total number of representatives, five are from religious minorities, in the following order: Zoroastrians and Kilims, one representative each, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, one representative each, and Armenian Christians of the South and North, one representative each | The number of representatives in the parliament is 290, and the increase in its number is based on Article 64 of the Constitution. Of the total number of representatives, five are from religious minorities, in the following order: Zoroastrians and Kilims, one representative each, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, one representative each, and Armenian Christians of the South and North, one representative each<ref>Election Law of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Guardian Council. Retrieved March 17, 2025,from https://www.shora-gc.ir/fa/news/5730</ref>. | ||
== Speakers and periods of the Parliament == | == Speakers and periods of the Parliament == | ||