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Muharram (Arabic: ٱلْمُحَرَّم) is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year in which warfare is forbidden. For Shia Muslims, Muharram is a period of intense mourning and remembrance that commemorates the Battle of Karbala, in which Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and most of his male relatives and companions were killed by the forces of the Umayyad caliph, Yazid I on the tenth day of the month, known as Ashura. Over the centuries, the observances of Muharram have travelled far from their origins at Karbala and have developed into a significant set of rituals with profound social, political, cultural, and artistic dimensions (Chelkowski, 2010). This event is central to Shia religious identity and practice, with rituals during Muharram serving to express grief, reaffirm loyalty to Husayn, and reflect on themes of sacrifice and justice.Continue ...

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-[[File:The Sunna and Shi'a in History- Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East.jpg|thumb|The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East]]
+[[File:Muharram 3.jpg|frameless|right]]
-'''''The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East''''' is a 2011 edited academic volume published by [[Palgrave Macmillan]]. The book is edited by [[Ofra Bengio]] and [[Meir Litvak]] and examines the historical development of relations between [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims from the early Islamic period to the contemporary Middle East. The volume emphasizes both patterns of division and periods of coexistence and ecumenical engagement, offering a historically grounded and interdisciplinary perspective on sectarian relations in Islamic societies.<ref>Bengio, O., & Litvak, M. (Eds.). (2011). ''The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East''. Palgrave Macmillan.</ref>
+'''Muharram''' (Arabic: ٱلْمُحَرَّم) is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year in which warfare is forbidden. For [[Shia Islam|Shia]] Muslims, Muharram is a period of intense mourning and remembrance that commemorates the [[Battle of Karbala]], in which [[Husayn ibn Ali]], the grandson of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]], and most of his male relatives and companions were killed by the forces of the Umayyad caliph, Yazid I on the tenth day of the month, known as [[Ashura]]. Over the centuries, the observances of Muharram have travelled far from their origins at Karbala and have developed into a significant set of rituals with profound social, political, cultural, and artistic dimensions (Chelkowski, 2010). This event is central to Shia religious identity and practice, with rituals during Muharram serving to express grief, reaffirm loyalty to Husayn, and reflect on themes of sacrifice and justice.[[Month of Muharram|'''Continue
-<span id="mp-more">[[The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East (Book report)|'''Continue ...''']]</span>
+ ...''']]</span>