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14:30, 5 January 2026 Peysepar talk contribs created page Muhammad Baqer as-Sadr and the Sunni-Shia Paradigm (Created page with "'''Muhammad Baqer as-Sadr''' (1935–1980) was a prominent Iraqi Twelver Shia jurist, philosopher, and political thinker whose writings addressed jurisprudence, economics, and modern political theory. Beyond his contributions to Shia legal thought, as-Sadr is frequently discussed in relation to the broader '''Sunni–Shia paradigm''', particularly for his emphasis on Islamic unity, methodological pluralism, and shared ethical foundations across S...")
14:42, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Ahmad Moballeghi: Iranian Representative at the IIFA (Created page with " '''Ayatollah Ahmad Moballeghi''' (Persian: احمد مبلغی‎; born 14 January 1961, Khorramabad, Iran) is an Iranian Twelver Shiʿa cleric, scholar of Islamic jurisprudence (*fiqh*), and prominent figure in Islamic unity and inter‑school dialogue. He serves as a member of the Assembly of Experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran and is widely recognized for his contributions to jurisprudential discourse, academic scholarship, and efforts to foster rapprochement...")
14:35, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page International Islamic Fiqh Academy: Representative Office in Iran (Created page with "The '''International Islamic Fiqh Academy: Representative Office in Iran''' is a regional liaison of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA), an international scholarly body affiliated with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. The representative office functions to support Iran’s academic and religious engagement with the Academy, facilitate scholarly cooperation, and promote the exchange of jurisprudential research between Iranian Islamic scholars an...")
14:10, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page International Islamic Fiqh Academy (Created page with "The '''International Islamic Fiqh Academy''' ({{lang-ar|مجمع الفقه الإسلامي الدولي}}) is an international Islamic scholarly organization and a subsidiary organ of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), dedicated to the advanced study of Islamic jurisprudence (*fiqh*) and related contemporary issues. Based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, the Academy seeks to provide Shariah‑based legal opinions and resolutions on modern legal, social, eco...")
14:03, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought (Created page with " '''The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought''' (WFPIST) is an international Islamic organization founded in October 1990 in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, aimed at promoting rapprochement, mutual understanding, and cooperation among the diverse schools of Islamic thought. The forum convenes scholars, leaders, and thinkers from Sunni, Shiʿa, and other Islamic traditions to foster dialogue and ease sectarian tensions within the global Muslim com...")
13:59, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page The Islamic Unity: Ayatullah Khamenei's Perspective (Created page with " '''The Islamic unity: Ayatullah Khamenei’s perspective''' refers to the emphasis placed by Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, on unity within the global Muslim community (Islamic Ummah) as a religious, social, and political imperative. In his speeches, public addresses, and written statements, Khamenei frames unity among Muslims as both a principled religious duty rooted in the Qur’an and a strategic necessity for confronting e...")
12:04, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page The Unity of Islamic Thought in the Works of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr to The Islamic unity in the works of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr
11:48, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr (Created page with "'''Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr''' (Arabic: محمد باقر الصدر‎; 1 March 1935 – 9 April 1980) was an Iraqi Shiʿa Islamic scholar, philosopher, jurist, and political activist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential Muslim intellectuals of the twentieth century for his contributions to Islamic philosophy, economics, jurisprudence, and modern Islamic political thought. Al-Sadr is known for his efforts to articulate Islam as a comprehensive and coheren...")
11:27, 30 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page The Unity of Islamic Thought in the Works of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr (Created page with "'''The unity of Islamic thought''' in the intellectual corpus of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr refers to the consistent theme in his scholarly and religious activities that emphasizes coherence, solidarity, and rapprochement within the Muslim community. Al-Sadr (1935–1980) was an Iraqi Shi‘a cleric, philosopher, jurist, and political activist whose work combined classical Islamic scholarship with contemporary concerns, including the necessity of unity among Muslims. His...")
13:32, 28 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Twelver Shiʿism (Created page with "'''Twelver Shiʿism''' (Arabic: '''الشيعة الاثنا عشرية''', ''al-Shīʿa al-Ithnā ʿAshariyya''), also known as '''Imami Shiʿism''' or the '''Jaʿfari school''', is the largest branch of Shiʿism within Islam. Twelvers believe in a succession of twelve divinely appointed leaders, known as Imams, beginning with Ali ibn Abi Talib and ending with Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed to be in occultation and expec...")
13:28, 28 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Brill Publishers (Created page with "== Brill Publishers == '''Brill''' (also known as '''Brill Publishers''' or '''Koninklijke Brill NV''') is an international academic publishing house based in Leiden, the Netherlands. Founded in 1683, Brill is one of the oldest continuously operating scholarly publishers in the world and is known for its publications in the humanities, social sciences, international law, and religious studies, with a particular strength in Islamic studies, ...")
13:22, 28 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Rainer Brunner (Created page with "'''Rainer Brunner''' is a German scholar of Islamic studies, known for his research on Sunni–Shia relations, modern Shiʿism, and intra-Islamic ecumenism. He is best known for his monograph ''Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint'' (2004), which is widely cited as a foundational study of modern Sunni–Shiʿi rapprochement.<ref name="PerseeReview">[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhpr_0035-2403_2006_num_86_1_1...")
11:43, 28 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint (Bookreview) to Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint (Book review)
10:58, 28 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint (Bookreview) (Created page with "'''Islamic Ecumenism in the 20th Century: The Azhar and Shiism between Rapprochement and Restraint''' is a 2004 academic monograph by German historian of Islam Rainer Brunner. Published by Brill Publishers, the book examines twentieth-century efforts at Sunni–Shiʿi rapprochement (''taqrīb'') with a particular focus on Al-Azhar University and its engagement with Twelver Shiʿism. The study is widely regarded as a foundational...")
11:20, 27 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Creating The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East (Book report) to The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East (Book report)
11:14, 27 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Creating The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East (Book report) (Created page with "'''''The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East''''' is a 2011 edited academic volume published by Palgrave Macmillan. The book is edited by Ofra Bengio and Meir Litvak and examines the historical development of relations between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims from the early Islamic period to the contemporary Middle East. The volume emphasizes both patterns of division and periods of coexistence an...")
14:00, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Concepts and Terminologies to Category:Concepts and Terminologies
13:59, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Concepts and Terminologies (Created page with "'''Concepts and terminologies''' is the name of a main category in "Wiki Vahdat" which includes Islamic, religious, approximate, scientific, political, social, etc. concepts and terms.'''Bold text'''")
13:57, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Events to Category:Events
13:57, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Events (Created page with "'''Events''' is the name of a main category in "Wiki Vahdat" which includes events, occurrences, events, occasions, calendars and events of the world.")
13:55, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Geography to Category:Geography
13:55, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Geography (Created page with "Geography is the name of a main category in "Wiki Vahdat" which includes continents, countries, cities.")
13:53, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Religions and Rituals to Category:Religions and Rituals
13:53, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Religions and Rituals (Created page with "'''Religions and rituals''' is the name of a main category in "Wiki Vahdat" which includes different religions as well as customs, rituals and customs related to those religions.")
13:49, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Works to Category:Works
13:49, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Works (Created page with "Works is the name of a main category in "Wiki Vahdat" which includes books, articles, magazines, notes, analyses, videos and other works.")
13:09, 24 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Category:Entries (Created page with "The category of entries is the title of the category that is included in the five main categories of Wiki Vahdat encyclopedia and all the entries are placed under these categories. On the main page, the "list of encyclopedia categories" and all "subcategories" can be seen. Subcategories are Works Religions and Rituals Geography Events Concepts and Terminologies")
15:55, 21 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Qurʾan (Created page with "'''The Qurʾān''' (Arabic: ''al-Qurʾān'', lit. “the Recitation”) is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word of God (*Allāh*) revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of approximately twenty-three years. It serves as the primary source of Islamic belief, law, ethics, and spirituality, and is recited and memorized as an act of worship (Britannica, 2024).<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024). ''Qurʾān''. https://www.br...")
15:36, 21 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islamic philosophy (Created page with "'''Islamic philosophy''' refers to philosophical inquiry developed within the intellectual traditions of Islam from the eighth century onward. Drawing upon the Qurʾan, Hadith, Greek philosophy, and earlier Persian and Indian thought, Islamic philosophy addresses questions of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political theory, and the relationship between reason and revelation (Adamson, 2016).<ref>Adamson, P. (2016). ''Philosophy in the Islamic World''. Oxfo...")
15:32, 21 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Sufism (Created page with "'''Sufism''' (Arabic: ''taṣawwuf'') is the mystical and spiritual dimension of Islam, emphasizing inner purification, remembrance of God, and the realization of divine proximity. It has historically functioned as an integral part of Islamic religious life, rather than as a separate sect, and is practiced across Sunni, Shiʿi, and other Islamic contexts (Ernst, 2011).<ref>Ernst, C. (2011). ''Sufism: An Introduction to the Mystical Tradition of Islam''. Shambhala.</r...")
15:27, 21 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Created page with "'''Seyyed Hossein Nasr''' (born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian-American philosopher, Islamic scholar, and university professor known for his work on Islamic philosophy, Sufism, comparative religion, and environmental ethics. He is University Professor of Islamic Studies at George Washington University and is widely regarded as one of the most influential contemporary interpreters of Islamic intellectual and spiritual traditions in the English-speaking world (St...")
15:16, 21 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islam and the Path of Unity: A Book Report (Created page with "'''Islam and the Path of Unity''' (often referenced by its published title *''A Treasury of Sufi Wisdom: The Path of Unity''*) is a 2015 anthology of classical Islamic mystical texts edited by Peter Samsel with a foreword by Seyyed Hossein Nasr, an Iranian-American Islamic philosopher and university professor at George Washington University. The volume brings together sayings, aphorisms, poetry, and doctrinal excerpts from more than one hundred Sufi authors acros...")
10:39, 17 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islam (Created page with "'''Islam''' ({{lang-ar|الإسلام|al-’Islām}}) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder and the final prophet and messenger of God (Allah). Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, believe that the Quran is the verbatim word of God as revealed to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. Muslims...")
10:29, 17 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Political Islam (Created page with "{{Short description|Political ideologies and movements derived from Islam}} {{Infobox ideology | name = Political Islam | native_name = {{lang|ar|الإسلام السياسي}} | image = 300px | caption = A collection of flags used by various Islamist movements. | school_tradition = Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic democracy, Islamic socialism | region = Muslim world | leaders = {{hlist|Hassan al-Banna...")
10:25, 17 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islamic thought (Created page with "{{Short description|Intellectual traditions and philosophical discourse within Islam}} {{Infobox philosophy | name = Islamic Thought | native_name = {{lang|ar|الفكر الإسلامي}} | image = 300px | caption = A folio from the 11th-century Blue Quran, representing the centrality of scripture in Islamic intellectual tradition. | region = Muslim world | language = Primarily Arabic, Persian, Turkish lan...")
09:58, 17 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Middle East (Created page with "{{Short description|Transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt}} {{Infobox region | name = Middle East | native_name = {{hlist|{{lang|ar|الشرق الأوسط}}|{{lang|fa|خاورمیانه}}|{{lang|tr|Orta Doğu}}}} | image = 300px | caption = The Middle East, a geopolitical region spanning parts of Western Asia and North Africa. | area_km2 = ~7,250,000 | population = ~490 million | population_ref = <r...")
09:51, 17 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Sunni–Shia relations (Created page with "{{Short description|Major religious and political division within Islam}} {{Infobox religious conflict | width = 300px | conflict = Sunni–Shia Divide | partof = Islamic schisms | image = 300px | caption = Approximate distribution of Sunni and Shia Muslims worldwide. Sunni majority. Shia majority. | date = Emerged c. 632 CE after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad | place = Throughout the Muslim world | cause...")
09:31, 17 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Vali Nasr (Created page with "{{Short description|Iranian-American academic and former diplomat (born 1960)}} {{Infobox person | name = Vali Nasr | image = Vali Nasr, 2015 (cropped).jpg | alt = A middle-aged man with glasses and short dark hair, wearing a suit and tie. | caption = Nasr in 2015 | birth_name = Seyed Vali Reza Nasr | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|12|20}} | birth_place = Tehran, Iran | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Iranian, American | alma mater = Tufts Universi...")
13:13, 16 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future (Created page with "'''The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future''' is a 2006 book by Iranian-American scholar Vali Nasr. The work examines the modern political significance of the Sunni–Shia divide and argues that sectarian identity has become a central force shaping the politics of the Middle East.<ref name="Nasr2006">{{cite book |last=Nasr |first=Vali |title=The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future |p...")
15:22, 15 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Muhammad to Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh
11:54, 15 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Islamic studies (Created page with " '''Islamic studies''' is an academic field dedicated to the study of Islam, including its theology, law, history, culture, and contemporary developments. The discipline encompasses the examination of religious texts, social structures, political movements, and cultural practices among Muslim communities worldwide (Esposito, 2002).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (2002). ''What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam''. Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product...")
11:24, 15 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page John L. Esposito and Critiques of His Thought (Created page with "'''John L. Esposito''' (born 1940) is an American scholar of Islamic studies and contemporary Islamic thought. He is widely recognized for his work on political Islam, Islamic history, and interfaith dialogue. Esposito's scholarship emphasizes the diversity of Islam and Muslims worldwide and seeks to promote accurate understanding in both academic and public spheres (Esposito, 2023).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (2023). John L. Esposito. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica...")
10:58, 15 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page John L. Esposito (Created page with "'''John L. Esposito''' (born 1940) is an American scholar of Islamic studies and contemporary Islamic thought. He is widely recognized for his work on political Islam, Islamic history, and interfaith dialogue. Esposito's scholarship emphasizes the diversity of Islam and Muslims worldwide and seeks to promote accurate understanding in both academic and public spheres (Esposito, 2023).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (2023). John L. Esposito. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica...")
09:34, 15 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Khadija bint Khuwaylid (Created page with "'''Khadījah bint Khuwaylid''' (c. 555 – 619 CE) '''Khadījah bint Khuwaylid ibn Asad''' (Arabic: خديجة بنت خويلد) was the '''first wife of Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh''' and the '''first person to convert to Islam''' (Esposito, 2023).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (2023). Khadījah. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Khadijah</ref> She is widely revered across all Islamic traditions as a model of faith, moral integr...")
09:21, 15 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Muhammad (Created page with "'''Muhammad''' ''Prophet of Islam'' (c. 570 – 632 CE) '''Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh''' (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله) is regarded by Muslims as the '''final prophet and messenger of God (Allah)'''. Muslims believe that he received and conveyed the '''Qur’an''', Islam’s sacred scripture, through divine revelation delivered by the angel Gabriel (Jibrīl) (Esposito, 2023).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (2023). Muhammad. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. https://www.bri...")
15:28, 10 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs moved page Fatima to Fatima bint Muhammad (AS)
14:55, 10 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Fatima (Created page with "''Fatima bint Muhammad''' (Arabic: فَاطِمَة بِنْت مُحَمَّد, c. 605/615 – 632 CE), commonly known as '''Fatima al-Zahra''', was the youngest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his first wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid. She is venerated by all Muslims, with a status of particular spiritual and historical significance in Shia Islam, where she is considered an infallible figure and the mother of the Imams. Her marriage to Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muh...")
09:04, 10 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib (Created page with "'''Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib''' (1886-1969) was a prominent Syrian Arab nationalist, journalist, and a leading Sunni polemicist against '''Shia Islam''' and the '''taqrib''' movement. A staunch defender of a '''Salafi'''-oriented orthodoxy, he used his editorial control over publications like the journal ''al-Fath'' and the ''al-Matba’a al-Salafiyya'' in Cairo to disseminate anti-Shia literature <ref>Commins, D. (1990). ''Islamic Reform: Politics and Social Change in Lat...")
09:00, 10 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Nikah mut'ah (Created page with "'''Mut'a''', or temporary marriage, is a form of time-bound matrimonial contract in Islamic law. Its permissibility is derived from a '''Qur’anic verse (4:24)''' which mentions a "reward" given to women, interpreted by Shia scholars as sanctioning fixed-term marriage <ref>Haeri, S. (1989). ''Law of Desire: Temporary Marriage in Shi’i Iran''. Syracuse University Press.</ref>. In this contract, the duration and dowry are specified in advance, dissolving automatically u...")
08:57, 10 December 2025 Peysepar talk contribs created page Succession to Muhammad (Created page with "The '''Succession to Muhammad''', known as the ''Saqifa'' event, is the foundational historical and theological rift between Sunni and Shia Islam. Following the Prophet Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, an immediate crisis emerged over the leadership of the nascent '''Muslim community (Ummah)'''. A gathering resulted in the selection of '''Abu Bakr''' as the first '''caliph (khalifa)''', a decision based on communal consensus <ref>Hazleton, L. (2009). ''After the Prophet: Th...")