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| }}'''The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought''' (WFPIST) as well as Tehran's Ecumenical Society ({{lang-fa| مجمع جهانی تقریب مذاهب اسلامی}}) is a forum that was established on October 1990 by order of [[Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei]] in [[Tehran]] for the reconciliation between different [[Islamic schools and branches]].<ref name="taghrib2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K8gssJc18EEC&q=Tehran%60s+Ecumenical+Society | title=The Twelver Shia in Modern Times: Religious Culture and Political History | publisher=Brill | author=Rainer Brunner, Werner Ende| date=January 2001 | isbn=9004118039 }}</ref>
| | The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought (WFPIST) as well as Tehran's Ecumenical Society (Persian: مجمع جهانی تقریب مذاهب اسلامی) is a forum that was established on October 1990 by order of Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei in Tehran for the reconciliation between different Islamic schools and branches.<ref></ref> |
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| ==Background of the establishment==
| | =Background of the establishment= |
| {{main|Islamic schools and branches}}
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| According to upper, many Islamic Scholars in the different schools tried to achieve proximity and finally unity. In the first step, the Iranian scholar, Sheikh Mohamad Taqi Qomi, emigrated to Egypt in the mid-twentieth century. He established a forum in [[Cairo]] that was named jam'iyyat al-tagrib bayn al-madhahib al-islamiyya ({{lang-ar| دارالتقریب بین المذاهب الاسلامیة بالقاهره}})in 1948. A number of scholars of Al-Azhar and some Egyptian politicians supported this forum and its secretary general Sheikh Qomi.This forum became the important center of proximate activities. The second step to achieve proximity between different schools of Islam was publication of Risalat al-Islam Magazine ({{lang-ar|مجلة رسالة الاسلام}}) by jam'iyyat al-tagrib bayn al-madhahib al-islamiyya in Cairo.<ref name="microsoft">{{cite web | url=http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/3500/pdf/Ende_Sunni_polemical_writings.pdf | title=Sunni Polemical Writings on the Shi ′ a and the Iranian Revolution | publisher=University of Freiburg | accessdate=15 April 2015 | author=Ende,Werner}}</ref><ref name="Askari">{{cite web | url=http://www.stinas.ir/index.php?reqid=asc_docno&takeit=view&id=252 | title=Defence of thoughts of proximity in the time of sorrows | publisher=Art and Cultural Institute of Allame Askari | accessdate=15 April 2015 | author=Sheikh Zaki al-Milad}}</ref> After these success experiences for achievement proximity, third step to achieve to proximity was the establishment of The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought in order by Ayatollah Khamenei in 1990 in Tehran.<ref name="taghrib2"/><ref name="Askari" />
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| ==Schools recognized by the Forum==
| | According to upper, many Islamic Scholars in the different schools tried to achieve proximity and finally unity. In the first step, the Iranian scholar, Sheikh Mohamad Taqi Qomi, emigrated to Egypt in the mid-twentieth century. He established a forum in Cairo that was named jam'iyyat al-tagrib bayn al-madhahib al-islamiyya (Arabic: دارالتقریب بین المذاهب الاسلامیة بالقاهره)in 1948. A number of scholars of Al-Azhar and some Egyptian politicians supported this forum and its secretary general Sheikh Qomi.This forum became the important center of proximate activities. The second step to achieve proximity between different schools of Islam was publication of Risalat al-Islam Magazine (Arabic: مجلة رسالة الاسلام) by jam'iyyat al-tagrib bayn al-madhahib al-islamiyya in Cairo.<ref> Ende,Werner. "Sunni Polemical Writings on the Shi ′ a and the Iranian Revolution" (PDF). University of Freiburg. Retrieved 15 April 2015. </ref>[3] After these success experiences for achievement proximity, third step to achieve to proximity was the establishment of The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought in order by Ayatollah Khamenei in 1990 in Tehran.<ref>Sheikh Zaki al-Milad. "Defence of thoughts of proximity in the time of sorrows". Art and Cultural Institute of Allame Askari. Retrieved 15 April 2015. </ref> |
| This world forum recognizes these Islamic Sects: The [[Hanafi]], [[Shafi'i]], [[Maliki]] and [[Hanbali]] from Sunnis Sects, [[Twelver]] and [[Zaidiyyah]] from Shias Sects. Also, this forum recognizes [[Ibadi]].<ref name="usuli">{{cite book | url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1950/1/1950.pdf | title=DurhamE-Theses Usuli Shi'ism and state approaches to Islamic unity: the ecumenical movement in post-Safavid Iran | publisher=[[Durham University]] | author=Alenezi, Fahaad J.M.M}}</ref>
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| {{further|Amman Message}}
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| ==Activities of the Forum== | | =Schools recognized by the Forum= |
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| ===Conferences===
| | This world forum recognizes these Islamic Sects: The Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali from Sunnis Sects, Twelver and Zaidiyyah from Shias Sects. Also, this forum recognizes Ibadi.<ref>Alenezi, Fahaad J.M.M. Durham E-Theses Usuli Shi'ism and state approaches to Islamic unity: the ecumenical movement in post-Safavid Iran (PDF). Durham University. </ref> |
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| The annual international conference is held every year in [[Mawlid|Islamic Unity Week]]. So far, twenty-five Islamic Unity conferences are held by forum. The last annual conference was held on January 7 to 10 2015. Sixty nine countries attend in this conference.<ref name="fars">{{cite web | url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13931013001301 | title=Holding Islamic Unity Conference by 69 countries | publisher=Fars News Agency | accessdate=15 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="tna">{{cite web | url=http://taghrib.org/farsi/pages/moetamar.php | title=Conferences | publisher=The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought | accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref>
| | =Activities of the Forum= |
| Except annual conferences, many conferences are held by forum for specific ceremonies. For example Holding the [[Memorialization|commemoration]] for [[Ayatollah]] [[Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] in April 2015.<ref name="sadr">{{cite web | url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940115000907 | title=The commemoration for Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr | publisher=Fars News Agency | accessdate=15 April 2015}}</ref>
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| ===Publications=== | | ==Conferences== |
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| ====Books====
| | The annual international conference is held every year in Islamic Unity Week. So far, twenty-five Islamic Unity conferences are held by forum. The last annual conference was held on January 7 to 10 2015. Sixty nine countries attend in this conference. <ref>"Holding Islamic Unity Conference by 69 countries". Fars News Agency. Retrieved 15 April 2015. </ref> <ref>"Conferences". The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought. Retrieved 16 April 2015.</ref> Except annual conferences, many conferences are held by forum for specific ceremonies. For example Holding the commemoration for Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr in April 2015. <ref>"The commemoration for Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr". Fars News Agency. Retrieved 15 April 2015. </ref> |
| Many books are published by publication of forum in three subjects:
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| * Charters of Conferences of Islamic unity;
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| * Writings of the Center for Scientific Research of Forum;
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| * Approved books in Book Council.<ref name="publications">{{cite web | url=http://www.hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/6280/6775/81029 | title=The Objectives, Structure and Activities of The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought | publisher=Data base of [[Hawzah]] | accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref>
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| ====Journals==== | | ==Publications== |
| * Risalat al-Taqrib ({{lang-ar| رسالة التقریب}}): This magazine is published every two months in Arabic;
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| * Thought of Proximity ({{lang-fa|اندیشه تقریب}}): This journal is published quarterly in Persian;
| | ===Books=== |
| * Courier of Proximity ({{lang-fa|پیک تقریب}}): This indoor journal is published monthly about forum's news;
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| * Risalat al-Islam: After stop publishing of Risalat al-Islam in Cairo, for importance of that, the forum in association with [[Astan Quds Razavi]] republished that magazine;
| | Many books are published by publication of forum in three subjects: |
| * Islam from the West viewpoint ({{lang-fa|اسلام در نگاه غرب}}): This journal is published for introduction and review and critique of latest English books by topic anti-Islam unity.<ref name="publications" />
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| | • Charters of Conferences of Islamic unity; |
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| | • Writings of the Center for Scientific Research of Forum; |
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| | • Approved books in Book Council. |
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| | ===Journals=== |
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| | • Risalat al-Taqrib (Arabic: رسالة التقریب): This magazine is published every two months in Arabic; |
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| | • Thought of Proximity (Persian: اندیشه تقریب): This journal is published quarterly in Persian; |
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| | • Courier of Proximity (Persian: پیک تقریب): This indoor journal is published monthly about forum's news; |
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| | • Risalat al-Islam: After stop publishing of Risalat al-Islam in Cairo, for importance of that, the forum in association with Astan Quds Razavi republished that magazine; |
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| | • Islam from the West viewpoint (Persian: اسلام در نگاه غرب): This journal is published for introduction and review and critique of latest English books by topic anti-Islam unity.<ref>"The Objectives, Structure and Activities of The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought". Data base of Hawzah. Retrieved 16 April 2015. </ref> |
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| | =Goals= |
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| ==Goals==
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| According to the forum statute: | | According to the forum statute: |
| * Trying to reclamation and extension to Islamic culture and defending the Quran and Sunnah;
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| * Trying to familiarity and more understanding between scholars, elites and leaders of the Islamic societies in the beliefs and [[Fiqh]] specially in the fields of in the cultural and political;
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| * Extension to proximity opinions in the [[Islamic world]] to informing Muslims of efforts of [[Criticism of Islam|Enemies of Islam]] for creating divisions between followers of Islamic schools;
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| * Solving pessimism and arguments between Muslims from the different sects;
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| * Trying to reinforcement and expanding of [[Ijtihad]] and inference in Islam;
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| * Trying to attune and establish a joint front to against the propaganda plots and cultural onslaught of enemies of Islam.<ref name="taghrib2"/><ref name="usuli"/><ref name="taghrib3">{{cite journal | url=http://www.hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/6280/6775/81029 | title=Objectives, structure and activities of The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought | journal=Researchers | issue=12,13 | pages=73}}</ref>
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| ==Structure==
| | • Trying to reclamation and extension to Islamic culture and defending the Quran and Sunnah; |
| This forum have hierarchical structure:
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| | • Trying to familiarity and more understanding between scholars, elites and leaders of the Islamic societies in the beliefs and Fiqh specially in the fields of in the cultural and political; |
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| | • Extension to proximity opinions in the Islamic world to informing Muslims of efforts of Enemies of Islam for creating divisions between followers of Islamic schools; |
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| | • Solving pessimism and arguments between Muslims from the different sects; |
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| | • Trying to reinforcement and expanding of Ijtihad and inference in Islam; |
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| | • Trying to attune and establish a joint front to against the propaganda plots and cultural onslaught of enemies of Islam.<ref>"Objectives, structure and activities of The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought". Researchers (12, 13): 73. </ref> |
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| | =Structure= |
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| ===General Assembly===
| | This forum have hierarchical structure: |
| The members of General Assembly are chosen among scholars, thinkers and Islamic religious leaders around the world for six year by the Supreme Council. The assembly is held every two years.<ref name="taghrib3" />
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| ===Supreme Council=== | | ==General Assembly== |
| According to the statute, The members of Supreme Council are chosen by [[Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists|Vali-e-Faqih]] for six years.<ref name="shora">{{cite web | url=http://df.farhangoelm.ir/Review/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%8C-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%8C-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B2-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9/498 | title=The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought | publisher=[[Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution]] | accessdate=8 April 2015}}</ref>
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| ===President===
| | The members of General Assembly are chosen among scholars, thinkers and Islamic religious leaders around the world for six year by the Supreme Council. The assembly is held every two years.<ref>"Objectives, structure and activities of The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought". Researchers (12, 13): 73. </ref> |
| According to the statute, president is chosen by the majority of members of forum for two years. The first president of forum was Ayatollah [[Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim]].<ref name="usuli"/> [[Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri|Ayatollah Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri]] is the forum president now.<ref name="taghrib5">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc_GAAAAQBAJ&q=majma+al-taqrib | title=The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East | author=Ofra Bengio, Meir Litvak| date=7 November 2011 | isbn=9780230370739 }}</ref>
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| | ==Supreme Council== |
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| ===General Secretary===
| | According to the statute, The members of Supreme Council are chosen by Vali-e-Faqih for six years.<ref>"The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought". Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. Retrieved 8 April 2015. </ref> |
| According to the statute, General Secretary has the highest executive status in the forum. Vali-e-Faqih elects General Secretary among the candidates who are nominated by Supreme Council, for four years. The Secretary General is a member of the Supreme Council. The first General Secretary was Ayatollah Taskhiri.<ref name="usuli"/> Already [[Mohsen Araki|Ayatollah Mohsen Araki]] is the General Secretary of forum.<ref name="ava">{{cite web | url=http://www.avapress.com/vdciwra5.t1awp2bcct.html | title=The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought held the inauguration ceremony of the new Secretary General | publisher=AVA | accessdate=8 April 2015}}</ref> | |
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| ==See also== | | ==President== |
| * [[Al-Azhar Shia Fatwa]]
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| * [[World Assembly of Islamic Awakening]]
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| ==References==
| | According to the statute, president is chosen by the majority of members of forum for two years. The first president of forum was Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim. Ayatollah Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri is the forum president now.<ref>Ofra Bengio, Meir Litvak (7 November 2011). The Sunna and Shi'a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East. ISBN 9780230370739. </ref> |
| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==External links== | | ==General Secretary== |
| * [http://mazaheb.ac.ir/? Islamic mazaheb university]
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| {{Islamic theology|schools}}
| | According to the statute, General Secretary has the highest executive status in the forum. Vali-e-Faqih elects General Secretary among the candidates who are nominated by Supreme Council, for four years. The Secretary General is a member of the Supreme Council. The first General Secretary was Ayatollah Taskhiri.[4] Already Ayatollah Mohsen Araki is the General Secretary of forum.<ref>"The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought held the inauguration ceremony of the new Secretary General". AVA. Retrieved 8 April 2015.</ref> |
| {{Authority control}}
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| [[Category:Islam and politics]]
| | ==Notes== |
| [[Category:Contemporary Islamic philosophy]]
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| [[Category:Shia–Sunni relations]]
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| [[Category:International Islamic organizations]]
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| [[Category:Islamic organizations established in 1990]]
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| [[Category:20th-century philosophy]]
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