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Islamic trends and movements in Algeria: Difference between revisions
Islamic trends and movements in Algeria (view source)
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(Created page with "'''Islamic trends and movements in Algeria''' always had a high political and social influence in Algerian society. The activity of these movements during nearly seven decades, had many ups and downs. The new alignment of Islamist groups and their positions in recent years, especially after the Algerian civil wars that took place after the suppression of the Islamic Salvation Front, should be taken into consideration. The influencing factors in the formation of Islami...") |
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The Muslim people of Algeria began their open and hidden struggles from the beginning of the occupation of their country by the French colonial government. | The Muslim people of Algeria began their open and hidden struggles from the beginning of the occupation of their country by the French colonial government. | ||
In response to the cultural, political and economic dominance of France, Algerian Muslims started several uprisings, most of which were led by religious scholars. | In response to the cultural, political and economic dominance of France, Algerian Muslims started several uprisings, most of which were led by religious scholars.Historical Dictionary of Islamic fundamentalism, p.23<ref>Historical Dictionary of Islamic fundamentalism, p.23.</ref>. | ||
The oldest uprising against colonialism in Algeria was led by "Amir Abdul Qader". Amir Abdul Qader was the son of Amir Mohyeddin, who himself was a descendant of Morabetoon. The literal meaning of "Al-Morbatoon" means the soldiers who keep their horses present at the borders of enemy, and they were called the promoters of faith. | The oldest uprising against colonialism in Algeria was led by "Amir Abdul Qader". Amir Abdul Qader was the son of Amir Mohyeddin, who himself was a descendant of Morabetoon. The literal meaning of "Al-Morbatoon" means the soldiers who keep their horses present at the borders of enemy, and they were called the promoters of faith. | ||
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The French government also sent an army under the command of General Boujou to fight against Amir Abdul Qader. | The French government also sent an army under the command of General Boujou to fight against Amir Abdul Qader. | ||
Despite the fact that Mohammed Sani, the king of Morocco, had promised to help Abdul Qader, because the French shelled Tangier, the king of Morocco refused to help Amir Abdul Qader in order to preserve his throne. | Despite the fact that Mohammed Sani, the king of Morocco, had promised to help Abdul Qader, because the French shelled Tangier, the king of Morocco refused to help Amir Abdul Qader in order to preserve his throne.The ups and downs of a revolution", Andisheh Club, Internet address: <nowiki>http://www.bashgah.net/fa/content/print_version/31246</nowiki> (Fri Mar 7 ,2013)<ref>The ups and downs of a revolution", Andisheh Club, Internet address: <nowiki>http://www.bashgah.net/fa/content/print_version/31246</nowiki> (Fri Mar 7 ,2013)</ref> . | ||
The result of this was the defeat of Amir Abdul Qader in 1845. Amir Abdul Qader was defeated once again in 1847 and the French arrested him and exiled him to Damascus in Syria. | The result of this was the defeat of Amir Abdul Qader in 1845. Amir Abdul Qader was defeated once again in 1847 and the French arrested him and exiled him to Damascus in Syria. | ||
Amir Abdul Qader finally died in Damascus in 1883 at the age of 75. After the independence of Algeria in 1966,in order to honor his position, the remains of his body were exhumed and buried in Algeria as a national hero. | Amir Abdul Qader finally died in Damascus in 1883 at the age of 75. After the independence of Algeria in 1966,in order to honor his position, the remains of his body were exhumed and buried in Algeria as a national hero.<nowiki>http://www.binbadis.net/component/content/article/39-emir-abdeklader/357-amir.html</nowiki><ref>http://www.binbadis.net/component/content/article/39-emir-abdeklader/357-amir.html.</ref>. | ||
== Movements after Amir Abdul Qader == | == Movements after Amir Abdul Qader == | ||
After the death of Amir Abdul Qader, there were sporadic struggles and protests until, after the First World War, Amir Khalid, the grandson of Amir Abdul Qader, followed his grandfather's actions. | After the death of Amir Abdul Qader, there were sporadic struggles and protests until, after the First World War, Amir Khalid, the grandson of Amir Abdul Qader, followed his grandfather's actions.Jalal Yahya, Al-Maghreb al-Kabeer, contemporary era and the role of liberation movements in independence, Al-Dar al-Qoumiyya for printing and publishing, Alexandria, part 3 - 1996, p. 1043<ref>Jalal Yahya, Al-Maghreb al-Kabeer, contemporary era and the role of liberation movements in independence, Al-Dar al-Qoumiyya for printing and publishing, Alexandria, part 3 - 1996, p. 1043.</ref>. | ||
After him, Ahmed Masali al-Haj led the independence movement of the Algerian people, he participated in the Congress of the Alliance against Imperialism in Brussels in 1927, and in that conference demanded the independence of the people Algeria from France. | After him, Ahmed Masali al-Haj led the independence movement of the Algerian people, he participated in the Congress of the Alliance against Imperialism in Brussels in 1927, and in that conference demanded the independence of the people Algeria from France. | ||
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But the first revolution after this long period of relative inactivity, began from the city of Constantine in the northeast of Algeria in 1945. | But the first revolution after this long period of relative inactivity, began from the city of Constantine in the northeast of Algeria in 1945. | ||
In this year, when the Second World War was about to end, the people of Algeria, who had prepared themselves to gain independence as much as possible, rose up, but France stood up to this uprising with an unexpected force and killed 45,000 people of Algeria. | In this year, when the Second World War was about to end, the people of Algeria, who had prepared themselves to gain independence as much as possible, rose up, but France stood up to this uprising with an unexpected force and killed 45,000 people of Algeria.Ibid<ref>Ibid</ref>. | ||
== Abdul hamid ben Badis and his effective role in the Algerian revolution == | |||
Years after the uprising of Amir Abdul Qader, the religious scholar Sheikh "Abdul Hamid ben Badis" together with his friend, Sheikh Bashir Ebrahimi, who was also a clergyman, tried to lead the anti-colonial uprising by forming the "Association of Muslim Scholars". | Years after the uprising of Amir Abdul Qader, the religious scholar Sheikh "Abdul Hamid ben Badis" together with his friend, Sheikh Bashir Ebrahimi, who was also a clergyman, tried to lead the anti-colonial uprising by forming the "Association of Muslim Scholars". | ||
Although the approach of these two men, especially Ben badis, was based more on awareness raising and cultural activities, but he gradually entered the political fields, in such a way that some members of this group followed the opinions and thoughts of Ibn Taymiyya and the students of Sheikh Mohammad Abduh, such as Mohammad Rashid Reza and the group by the name of "Ansar reforms in the Islamic World" led by Shakib Arslan started armed activities in Algeria. | Although the approach of these two men, especially Ben badis, was based more on awareness raising and cultural activities, but he gradually entered the political fields, in such a way that some members of this group followed the opinions and thoughts of Ibn Taymiyya and the students of Sheikh Mohammad Abduh, such as Mohammad Rashid Reza and the group by the name of "Ansar reforms in the Islamic World" led by Shakib Arslan started armed activities in Algeria.Hassan Seyyed Suleiman, Political Islam in Algeria, document printed in the book Islam in Africa (Modasser Abd al-Rahim and al-Tijani Abd al-Qader), Dar al-Hikma Institute for Printing and Publishing, Khartoum, 1992, pp. 79-82<ref>Hassan Seyyed Suleiman, Political Islam in Algeria, document printed in the book Islam in Africa (Modasser Abd al-Rahim and al-Tijani Abd al-Qader), Dar al-Hikma Institute for Printing and Publishing, Khartoum, 1992, pp. 79-82.</ref>. | ||
This population eventually allied with anti-colonial political and armed groups such as the "National Liberation Front" and played a prominent role in the eight-years war (1954-1962) against France. | This population eventually allied with anti-colonial political and armed groups such as the "National Liberation Front" and played a prominent role in the eight-years war (1954-1962) against France. | ||
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2- Struggle to return Islamic principles to the management of community after the colonialists were expelled and the revolution won. | 2- Struggle to return Islamic principles to the management of community after the colonialists were expelled and the revolution won. | ||
The remarkable point about the struggles of the Algerian people is its Islamic nature. "It was Islam that struggled in Algeria for one hundred and fifty years, and it was Islam that kept the roots of Arabism in that land... and it was only by this means that the spirit of resistance survived in Algeria. | The remarkable point about the struggles of the Algerian people is its Islamic nature. "It was Islam that struggled in Algeria for one hundred and fifty years, and it was Islam that kept the roots of Arabism in that land... and it was only by this means that the spirit of resistance survived in Algeria".Seyyed Ali Khamenei, The Future in the Realm of Islam, Hijrat Publications, 1966, pp. 224-225<ref>Seyyed Ali Khamenei, The Future in the Realm of Islam, Hijrat Publications, 1966, pp. 224-225</ref> . | ||
The first revolutionary movement in this country, which is known as Amir Abdul Qader's movement, happened right when the French occupied this country and Abdul Qader, who was a religious leader, started an uprising. | The first revolutionary movement in this country, which is known as Amir Abdul Qader's movement, happened right when the French occupied this country and Abdul Qader, who was a religious leader, started an uprising. | ||