Najaf Seminary: Difference between revisions
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It is located near the Imam Ali Mosque. It was established in the 11th century by Grand Ayatollah Shaykh al-Tusi. | It is located near the Imam Ali Mosque. It was established in the 11th century by Grand Ayatollah Shaykh al-Tusi. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Shaykh Tusi went to Baghdad to continue education. After 12 years, he was forced to leave Baghdad and go to Najaf for sectarian differences. | Shaykh Tusi went to Baghdad to continue education. After 12 years, he was forced to leave Baghdad and go to Najaf for sectarian differences. <ref>Jaffer - XKP, Mulla Asghar Ali M. FIQH and FUQAHA (PDF). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (November 4, 2015). ISBN 978-1519106759. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-26. </ref> He established the seminary in Najaf in 430 AH (the 11th century AD), <ref>"Part 2: The Fuqaha". World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities. </ref> which continued as a center of study until the establishment of modern Iraq in 1921. He died in 460 AH (1067 CE). <ref>"Hawza - Advanced Islamic Studies". Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 8 March 2011. </ref> <ref>Sreeram Chaulia. "Shiites and Democracy". Mideast Monitor. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. </ref> The seminar was one of the biggest and most important hawza of the world for educating and training Shia clerics. <ref>"A rare look inside the 'heart of society' for Iraq's Shi'ites". </ref> | ||
==Subjects== | ==Subjects== | ||
The subjects taught at the seminary include: | The subjects taught at the seminary include: <ref>"Hawza - Advanced Islamic Studies". Archived from the original on 2011-03-08. </ref> | ||
• Mantiq (Logic) | • Mantiq (Logic) | ||
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==Trained scholars== | ==Trained scholars== | ||
Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary. | Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> | ||
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8] | • Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8] | ||
• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9] | • Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9] | ||
• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. | • Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> | ||
• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11] | • Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11] | ||
• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14] | • Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14] | ||
• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary. | • Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> | ||
• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11] | • Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11] | ||
• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. | • Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> | ||
• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16] | • Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16] | ||
• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia. | • Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> | ||
• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18] | • Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18] | ||
• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi. | • Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20] <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> | ||
• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24] | • Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24] | ||