Najaf Seminary: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
imported>Peysepar (Created page with "The Najaf Seminary (Arabic: حوزة النجف), also known as the al-Hawza al-Ilmiyya, is the most important Shia seminaries (hawza) in the city of Najaf, Iraq. The schoo...") |
imported>Peysepar No edit summary |
||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Subjects== | ==Subjects== | ||
The subjects taught at the seminary include:[6] | The subjects taught at the seminary include:[6] | ||
• Mantiq (Logic) | • Mantiq (Logic) | ||
• Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) | • Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) | ||
• Fiqh (Jurisprudence) | • Fiqh (Jurisprudence) | ||
• Tafsir al-Qur'an (Qur'an Exegesis) | • Tafsir al-Qur'an (Qur'an Exegesis) | ||
• Ulum al-Qur'an (Qur'an Sciences) | • Ulum al-Qur'an (Qur'an Sciences) | ||
• Ilm al-Hadith (The Study of Traditions) | • Ilm al-Hadith (The Study of Traditions) | ||
• Ilm ar-Rijal (Science of Narrators) | • Ilm ar-Rijal (Science of Narrators) | ||
• Tarikh (History) | • Tarikh (History) | ||
• Aqaid / Kalam (Theology) | • Aqaid / Kalam (Theology) | ||
• Lugha (Language Studies) | • Lugha (Language Studies) | ||
• Falsafa (Islamic Philosophy) | • Falsafa (Islamic Philosophy) | ||
• Irfan (Islamic Mysticism) | • Irfan (Islamic Mysticism) | ||
==Trained scholars== | ==Trained scholars== | ||
Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary.[7] | Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary.[7] | ||
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8] | • Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8] | ||
• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9] | • Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9] | ||
• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7] | • Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7] | ||
• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11] | • Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11] | ||
• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14] | • Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14] | ||
• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary.[7] | • Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary.[7] | ||
• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11] | • Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11] | ||
• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7] | • Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7] | ||
• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16] | • Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16] | ||
• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia.[7] | • Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia.[7] | ||
• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18] | • Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18] | ||
• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi.[7] He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20][7] | • Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi.[7] He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20][7] | ||
• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24] | • Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24] | ||
• Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i - he authored Tafsir al-Mizan[25] and he was one of the most prominent Intellectuals of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam.[26][27]He was an expert in philosophy in Islam. His philosophy is focused upon the sociological treatment of human problems.[26] His book, Shi'ite Islam, was translated into English by Hossein Nasr and William Chittick as a project of Colgate University. He was interviewed by Henry Corbin.[28] | • Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i - he authored Tafsir al-Mizan[25] and he was one of the most prominent Intellectuals of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam.[26][27]He was an expert in philosophy in Islam. His philosophy is focused upon the sociological treatment of human problems.[26] His book, Shi'ite Islam, was translated into English by Hossein Nasr and William Chittick as a project of Colgate University. He was interviewed by Henry Corbin.[28] | ||
• Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi - he was one of the greatest Marja in Lebanon. He attempted to bring Shia and Sunni closer.[29] | • Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi - he was one of the greatest Marja in Lebanon. He attempted to bring Shia and Sunni closer.[29] | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== |