Senousiyya: Difference between revisions

'''The Sanousiyya  order basically wanted to return to real Islam, based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah. The great Senousi, despite  the enmity of Ebne Timiyyeh  with Sufism, was influenced by his thoughts. Senousi's Zekr(invocation of God) does not aim to stimulate any kind of ecstasy and fascination, although he tries to align himself with Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) [8].'''

'''There have been reform trends in the Arab world,which  some of them, such as Wahhabism in the peninsula and the Sanouusi movement in Burqa or Tunisia, aimed at returning to real Islam and promoted it [9].  Movements such as Wahhabism in the peninsula and Sanousiyya in Libya wanted the renewal of religion so that to return to its original source [10].'''

'''In the time interval of the First World War, we witness reform movements, especially in the area of ​​Barqa, that is, the place where Sanousiyya appeared. This movement developed and expanded religious culture and revolutionary ideas and opened the door to jihad and struggle, and also created Zavaya in the desert (Sahara)that were actually considered as intellectual and ideological bases [11].'''

'''When Muhammad Ali Senousi passed away, the attention of the people, as he intended, was focused on his son "Mohammed Mahdi", and many of the followers of this order considered the choice of this name by the founder of the order as a clear proof that this Muhammad is really the same Mahdi which  they have been waiting for him for a long time. They considered this naming not a smart political calculation, but an extraordinary insight, moreover, the resulting excitement was more than these, because the year 1822-3 AD, corresponding to the year 1300 AH, was also the beginning of the new Hijri century. All the expectations in the year 1785/1200, when after all the hopes, Hazrat Mahdi (PBUH) did not appear, so converted to disappointment.  Did the year 1300 Hijri witness the fulfillment of this long expectation? [12]'''  

'''During the invasion of the French and Italian governments to North Africa, the Senousi movement was an obstacle in the way of those colonial powers because it called the Muslims of North Africa to unity and struggle. With the occupation of Libya by Italy in 1329 AH/ 1911 AD, the Senousian forces were also crushed [13].'''

'''The resistance of the Senousi against the Italian rule over Libya, which started in 1912 AD, lasted for twenty years, although the aforementioned resistance caused heavy casualties and financial losses, but instead, it strengthened the close relations between Libya and the Arab world. [14].'''

'''After the death of Mohammad Ali Senousi, his  brother’s son Sayyed Ahmed Sharif took over the leadership of Senousi. During the Ottoman war in the two regions of Germany, the Ottomans appointed Sayyed Ahmed Sharif Senousi as the leader of North Africa and asked him to declare jihad against England in the western regions of Egypt [15].'''

'''During the Holy Jihad (Jihad against England), Sayyed Ahmed Sharif appointed Muhammad Idris as his deputy in Barqa area, and Idris used this opportunity for his influence and power [16]).'''

'''During the war with Italy, Mohammad Idris proposed the issue of recognizing the independence of the Senousi to the Italian and British delegation and asked them to officially recognize the leader of the Senousi and their region, and finally a treaty was concluded between them on April 16, 1917 [17].  In 1922, Muhammad Idris Al-Mahdi (Sayyed Idrisi), the great-grandson of the founder of Sanousiyya, who had settled in Egypt, was recognized as the "Emir of all Libya" in a conference composed of the Arab leaders of Tripolitania and Cyrenaic [18]. And it is said that Muhammad Idris Al-Mahdi, the leader of the Sanousi order, was elected as the constitutional king of the Libyan Federation [19].'''

'''In 1930-31, a large number of Senousis fled to Egypt. These people played an important role in the future during the war [20].  The Sanousi order was disbanded in 1930, but with the rise of Idris I (Sanousi leader) in Libya, they regained power [21]. Sanousiyya  order  had many followers in Cyrenaica [or Barqa] and its  activities finally led to the establishment and independence of Libya [22]. Sanousi's followers resisted the invasion of Italy and France and finally managed to establish the Sanousi government led by King Idris I in Libya in 1947. [23]'''

=='''The works [24] of  Muhammad Ali Sanousi are :''' ==  

'''Finally,  when Muhammad Ali Sanousi,  saw that, Ottoman government was watching over him ,so he went to  the desert (Sahara) and resided  in area of ​​Jaghbub  and lived there until 1276 which he died. [25].'''