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	~~{{Short description\|Political ideologies and movements derived from Islam}}~~
	~~{{Infobox ideology~~
	~~\| name = Political Islam~~
	~~\| native_name = {{lang\|ar\|الإسلام السياسي}}~~
	~~\| image = [[File:Various Islamist flags.svg\|300px]]~~
	~~\| caption = A collection of flags used by various Islamist movements.~~
	~~\| school_tradition = [[Islamism]], [[Islamic fundamentalism]], [[Islamic democracy]], [[Islamic socialism]]~~
	~~\| region = [[Muslim world]]~~
	~~\| leaders = {{hlist\|[[Hassan al-Banna]]\|[[Sayyid Qutb]]\|[[Ruhollah Khomeini]]\|[[Abul A'la Maududi]]\|[[Rachid Ghannouchi]]}}~~
	~~\| organizations = {{hlist\|[[Muslim Brotherhood]]\|[[Hezbollah]]\|[[Hamas]]\|[[Islamic Republic of Iran]]\|[[Jamaat-e-Islami]]}}~~
	~~\| influenced = Islamic revival, [[Arab Spring]], [[Iranian Revolution]], contemporary politics in the Muslim world~~
	}}

	'''Political Islam''', also commonly referred to as '''Islamism''', is a set of political ideologies that hold that [[Islam]] should guide social, political, and personal life. It argues that Islamic law ([[Sharia]]), derived from the [[Quran]] and the [[Sunnah]], should be the primary source of legislation and the basis for political order (Esposito, 1998).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (1998). Islam and Politics (4th ed.). Syracuse University Press.</ref> Movements and ideologies under this broad umbrella seek to establish, in varying degrees, an "[[Islamic state]]" and to resist [[Secularism\|secular]] influences perceived as Western.		'''Political Islam''', also commonly referred to as '''Islamism''', is a set of political ideologies that hold that [[Islam]] should guide social, political, and personal life. It argues that Islamic law ([[Sharia]]), derived from the [[Quran]] and the [[Sunnah]], should be the primary source of legislation and the basis for political order (Esposito, 1998).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (1998). Islam and Politics (4th ed.). Syracuse University Press.</ref> Movements and ideologies under this broad umbrella seek to establish, in varying degrees, an "[[Islamic state]]" and to resist [[Secularism\|secular]] influences perceived as Western.

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Historical background and emergence

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	Societal pushback, especially from youth and women's movements, demanding more substantive political and economic solutions.		Societal pushback, especially from youth and women's movements, demanding more substantive political and economic solutions.

	See also ==		==See also ==
	[[Arab Spring]]		[[Arab Spring]]

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External links

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	[https://www.brookings.edu/topic/political-islam/ Brookings Institution – Political Islam]		[https://www.brookings.edu/topic/political-islam/ Brookings Institution – Political Islam]

	~~{{Islamism}}~~
	~~{{Islamic politics}}~~
	~~{{Political ideologies}}~~
	~~{{Authority control}}~~

	[[Category:Political Islam\| ]]		[[Category:Political Islam\| ]]

Peysepar: Created page with "{{Short description|Political ideologies and movements derived from Islam}} {{Infobox ideology | name = Political Islam | native_name = {{lang|ar|الإسلام السياسي}} | image = 300px | caption = A collection of flags used by various Islamist movements. | school_tradition = Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic democracy, Islamic socialism | region = Muslim world | leaders = {{hlist|Hassan al-Banna..."

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Created page with "{{Short description|Political ideologies and movements derived from Islam}} {{Infobox ideology | name = Political Islam | native_name = {{lang|ar|الإسلام السياسي}} | image = 300px | caption = A collection of flags used by various Islamist movements. | school_tradition = Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic democracy, Islamic socialism | region = Muslim world | leaders = {{hlist|Hassan al-Banna..."

New page

{{Short description|Political ideologies and movements derived from Islam}}
{{Infobox ideology
| name = Political Islam
| native_name = {{lang|ar|الإسلام السياسي}}
| image = [[File:Various Islamist flags.svg|300px]]
| caption = A collection of flags used by various Islamist movements.
| school_tradition = [[Islamism]], [[Islamic fundamentalism]], [[Islamic democracy]], [[Islamic socialism]]
| region = [[Muslim world]]
| leaders = {{hlist|[[Hassan al-Banna]]|[[Sayyid Qutb]]|[[Ruhollah Khomeini]]|[[Abul A'la Maududi]]|[[Rachid Ghannouchi]]}}
| organizations = {{hlist|[[Muslim Brotherhood]]|[[Hezbollah]]|[[Hamas]]|[[Islamic Republic of Iran]]|[[Jamaat-e-Islami]]}}
| influenced = Islamic revival, [[Arab Spring]], [[Iranian Revolution]], contemporary politics in the Muslim world
}}

'''Political Islam''', also commonly referred to as '''Islamism''', is a set of political ideologies that hold that [[Islam]] should guide social, political, and personal life. It argues that Islamic law ([[Sharia]]), derived from the [[Quran]] and the [[Sunnah]], should be the primary source of legislation and the basis for political order (Esposito, 1998).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (1998). Islam and Politics (4th ed.). Syracuse University Press.</ref> Movements and ideologies under this broad umbrella seek to establish, in varying degrees, an "[[Islamic state]]" and to resist [[Secularism|secular]] influences perceived as Western.

== Definitions and terminology ==
The terms "Political Islam" and "[[Islamism]]" are often used interchangeably to describe ideologies and movements that seek to implement Islamic principles in the public and political sphere. Scholars note a distinction between "Islamism" as a modern political ideology and "Islam" as a faith tradition. Islamists are defined by their active pursuit of a sociopolitical order based on their interpretation of Islam (Roy, 1994).<ref>Roy, O. (1994). The Failure of Political Islam. Harvard University Press.</ref>

== Historical background and emergence ==

Pre-modern roots
While the concept of a state governed by Islamic principles dates to the early [[Caliphate]]s, modern Political Islam is largely a 20th-century phenomenon. It emerged as a response to the decline of Muslim empires, the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924, and the subsequent imposition of European [[colonialism]] and [[Secularism|secular]] nationalist models in the Muslim world (Ayubi, 1991).<ref>Ayubi, N. N. (1991). Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World. Routledge.</ref>

Foundational thinkers and movements
The modern Islamist movement was shaped by several key figures and organizations in the mid-20th century:

'''[[Hassan al-Banna]] (1906–1949)''' founded the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] in Egypt in 1928, advocating for social reform, moral renewal, and the eventual establishment of an Islamic state through grassroots activism and education.

'''[[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1903–1979)''' founded the [[Jamaat-e-Islami]] in British India in 1941, articulating a comprehensive theory of Islamic sovereignty (''Hakimiyya'') and statehood.

'''[[Sayyid Qutb]] (1906–1966)''', an Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood ideologue, radicalized the discourse in his later works like ''Milestones'', introducing concepts like ''[[Jahiliyyah]]'' (pre-Islamic ignorance) applied to contemporary societies and justifying revolutionary action (Kepel, 1985).<ref>Kepel, G. (1985). Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh. University of California Press.</ref>

'''[[Ruhollah Khomeini]] (1902–1989)''' developed the theory of ''[[Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist|Wilayat al-Faqih]]'' (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), which became the foundation of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] after the 1979 [[Iranian Revolution]].

Ideological spectrum and manifestations
Political Islam is not monolithic and encompasses a wide range of movements with differing methods and goals.

Participationist and reformist
Movements like the Muslim Brotherhood in many countries, [[Ennahda Movement|Ennahda]] in Tunisia, and the [[Justice and Development Party (Morocco)|Justice and Development Party (PJD)]] in Morocco generally participate in the political process, seeking to Islamize society and state through electoral politics, education, and legal reform (Wickham, 2013).<ref>Wickham, C. R. (2013). The Muslim Brotherhood: Evolution of an Islamist Movement. Princeton University Press.</ref>

Revolutionary and state-based
The [[Iranian Revolution]] (1979) established the first modern [[Islamic republic]], implementing a theocratic model based on Khomeini's concept of ''Wilayat al-Faqih''.

The [[Taliban]] in Afghanistan established an [[Islamic Emirate]] enforcing a strict interpretation of Sharia.

Jihadist-Salafist
Movements like [[al-Qaeda]] and the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State (ISIS)]] advocate for violent [[Jihad|jihad]] to overthrow existing regimes, eliminate Western influence, and establish a global [[Caliphate]]. They represent a radical, transnational strand that often declares other Muslims as apostates (''[[Takfir]]'') (Hegghammer, 2010).<ref>Hegghammer, T. (2010). *Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979*. Cambridge University Press.</ref>

Social and non-violent activism
Many movements focus primarily on social services (education, healthcare, charity) and [[Da'wah|religious propagation]] to build Islamic consciousness, often operating where political activity is restricted.

Key concepts and objectives
'''[[Sharia|Application of Sharia]]:''' The primary and unifying objective is the implementation of Islamic law as state law.

'''[[Islamic state]]:''' The establishment of a political entity whose constitution and governance are derived from Islamic principles. Models vary from theocratic (Iran) to those proposing a "civil state with an Islamic reference."

'''Anti-imperialism and Cultural Resistance:''' Opposition to Western political and cultural dominance, framed as a defense of Islamic identity.

'''[[Ummah]]:''' Emphasis on the unity of the global Muslim community, often transcending nationalism.

'''Moral and Social Reform:''' Promoting public morality, modesty, and Islamic social norms.

Political impact and contemporary debates
In the Middle East and beyond
Political Islam has been a dominant opposition force in many Middle Eastern countries for decades. The [[Arab Spring]] uprisings (2010–2011) brought Islamist parties to power through elections in Tunisia and Egypt (briefly), testing their ability to govern and triggering counter-reactions (Brown, 2013).<ref>Brown, N. J. (2013). When Victory Is Not an Option: Islamist Movements in Arab Politics. Cornell University Press.</ref>

Relations with the West
Relations are often strained, characterized by Western security concerns over radical jihadism and Islamist critiques of Western foreign policy. Debates center on compatibility with [[democracy]], [[human rights]] (particularly women's and minority rights), and [[secularism]].

Internal critiques and evolution
Political Islam faces significant internal challenges, including:

Governance failures and economic underperformance when in power.

Theoretical debates on democracy, citizenship, and pluralism. Some thinkers, like [[Rachid Ghannouchi]] of Ennahda, have articulated a "Muslim Democratic" vision compatible with pluralistic democracy.

Competition from state-led religious establishments and from more radical jihadist groups.

Societal pushback, especially from youth and women's movements, demanding more substantive political and economic solutions.

See also ==
[[Arab Spring]]

[[Islamic democracy]]

[[Islamic extremism]]

[[Islamic fundamentalism]]

[[Islamic revival]]

[[Islam and democracy]]

[[Jihadism]]

[[List of Islamic political parties]]

[[Post-Islamism]]

[[Salafi movement]]

[[Sharia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

[https://carnegieendowment.org/sada Carnegie Endowment for International Peace – Sada (Middle East Analysis)]

[https://www.brookings.edu/topic/political-islam/ Brookings Institution – Political Islam]

{{Islamism}}
{{Islamic politics}}
{{Political ideologies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Political Islam| ]]
[[Category:Islamism]]
[[Category:Islamic politics]]
[[Category:Political ideologies]]
[[Category:Religious nationalism]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 17 December 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{Short description\|Political ideologies and movements derived from Islam}}~~
	~~{{Infobox ideology~~
	~~\| name = Political Islam~~
	~~\| native_name = {{lang\|ar\|الإسلام السياسي}}~~
	~~\| image = [[File:Various Islamist flags.svg\|300px]]~~
	~~\| caption = A collection of flags used by various Islamist movements.~~
	~~\| school_tradition = [[Islamism]], [[Islamic fundamentalism]], [[Islamic democracy]], [[Islamic socialism]]~~
	~~\| region = [[Muslim world]]~~
	~~\| leaders = {{hlist\|[[Hassan al-Banna]]\|[[Sayyid Qutb]]\|[[Ruhollah Khomeini]]\|[[Abul A'la Maududi]]\|[[Rachid Ghannouchi]]}}~~
	~~\| organizations = {{hlist\|[[Muslim Brotherhood]]\|[[Hezbollah]]\|[[Hamas]]\|[[Islamic Republic of Iran]]\|[[Jamaat-e-Islami]]}}~~
	~~\| influenced = Islamic revival, [[Arab Spring]], [[Iranian Revolution]], contemporary politics in the Muslim world~~
	}}

	'''Political Islam''', also commonly referred to as '''Islamism''', is a set of political ideologies that hold that [[Islam]] should guide social, political, and personal life. It argues that Islamic law ([[Sharia]]), derived from the [[Quran]] and the [[Sunnah]], should be the primary source of legislation and the basis for political order (Esposito, 1998).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (1998). Islam and Politics (4th ed.). Syracuse University Press.</ref> Movements and ideologies under this broad umbrella seek to establish, in varying degrees, an "[[Islamic state]]" and to resist [[Secularism\|secular]] influences perceived as Western.		'''Political Islam''', also commonly referred to as '''Islamism''', is a set of political ideologies that hold that [[Islam]] should guide social, political, and personal life. It argues that Islamic law ([[Sharia]]), derived from the [[Quran]] and the [[Sunnah]], should be the primary source of legislation and the basis for political order (Esposito, 1998).<ref>Esposito, J. L. (1998). Islam and Politics (4th ed.). Syracuse University Press.</ref> Movements and ideologies under this broad umbrella seek to establish, in varying degrees, an "[[Islamic state]]" and to resist [[Secularism\|secular]] influences perceived as Western.

Political Islam - Revision history

Peysepar at 07:01, 17 December 2025

Peysepar: /* Historical background and emergence */

Peysepar: /* External links */