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The Najaf Seminary (Arabic: حوزة النجف‎), also known as the al-Hawza al-Ilmiyya, is the most important Shia seminaries (hawza) in the city of Najaf, Iraq. The school also operates a campus in Karbala.
It is located near the Imam Ali Mosque. It was established in the 11th century by Grand Ayatollah Shaykh al-Tusi.
==History==
Shaykh Tusi went to Baghdad to continue education. After 12 years, he was forced to leave Baghdad and go to Najaf for sectarian differences.[1] He established the seminary in Najaf in 430 AH (the 11th century AD),[2] which continued as a center of study until the establishment of modern Iraq in 1921. He died in 460 AH (1067 CE).[3][4] The seminar was one of the biggest and most important hawza of the world for educating and training Shia clerics.[5]
==Subjects==
The subjects taught at the seminary include:[6]
• Mantiq (Logic)
• Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence)
• Fiqh (Jurisprudence)
• Tafsir al-Qur'an (Qur'an Exegesis)
• Ulum al-Qur'an (Qur'an Sciences)
• Ilm al-Hadith (The Study of Traditions)
• Ilm ar-Rijal (Science of Narrators)
• Tarikh (History)
• Aqaid / Kalam (Theology)
• Lugha (Language Studies)
• Falsafa (Islamic Philosophy)
• Irfan (Islamic Mysticism)
==Trained scholars==
Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary.[7]
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8]
• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9]
• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7]
• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11]
• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14]
• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary.[7]
• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11]
• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7]
• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16]
• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia.[7]
• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18]
• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi.[7] He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20][7]
• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24]
• Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i - he authored Tafsir al-Mizan[25] and he was one of the most prominent Intellectuals of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam.[26][27]He was an expert in philosophy in Islam. His philosophy is focused upon the sociological treatment of human problems.[26] His book, Shi'ite Islam, was translated into English by Hossein Nasr and William Chittick as a project of Colgate University. He was interviewed by Henry Corbin.[28]
• Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi - he was one of the greatest Marja in Lebanon. He attempted to bring Shia and Sunni closer.[29]
==Notes==

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:53, 7 March 2021
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	Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>		Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>
	• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).~~[8]~~		• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint). <ref>Ghobadzadeh, Naser (2015). Religious Secularity: A Theological Challenge to the Islamic State (Religion and Global Politics). Oxford University Press; 1 edition (December 1, 2014). ISBN 978-0199391172. </ref>

	• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.~~[9]~~		• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection. <ref>Litvak, Meir (2 May 2002). Shi'i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq: The 'Ulama' of Najaf and Karbala'. Cambridge University Press (May 2, 2002). ISBN 978-0521892964. </ref>
	• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>		• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.~~[10]~~ He authored a book focused on commercial law.~~[11]~~		• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh. <ref>Hairi, A.; Murata, S. (1984). "AḴŪND ḴORĀSĀNĪ". Encyclopædia Irannica. </ref> He authored a book focused on commercial law. <ref>Mottahedeh, Roy (18 October 2014). The Mantle of the Prophet. Oneworld (August 15, 2000). ISBN 978-1851682348. </ref>

	• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.~~[12]~~ He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.~~[12][14]~~		• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student. <ref>Who's who in Iraq: Ayatollah Sistani, 26 August, 2004 </ref> He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge. <ref>Who's who in Iraq: Ayatollah Sistani, 26 August, 2004 </ref> <ref>Allawi, Ali A. (2007). The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace. Yale University Press; Reprint edition (March 18, 2008). p. 207. ISBN 978-0300136142. al-Khoei is lead rijal. </ref>
	• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>		• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.~~[11]~~		• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest. <ref>Mottahedeh, Roy (18 October 2014). The Mantle of the Prophet. Oneworld (August 15, 2000). ISBN 978-1851682348. </ref>

	• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>		• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.~~[15]~~ Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.~~[16]~~		• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran. <ref>"Haeri Yazdi، Ayatollah Abdulkarim". </ref> Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ. <ref>Mottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet, (1985, 2000), p.229 </ref>

	• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>		• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam~~[17]~~and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.~~[18]~~		• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam <ref>Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein (8 October 1998). The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press; Revised edition (October 8, 1998). ISBN 978-0195119152. </ref>and was a leader of the Najaf seminary. <ref>Arjomand, Saïd Amir (January 1988). Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism (SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies). SUNY Press; Annotated edition (July 8, 1988). ISBN 978-0887066399. </ref>

	• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia~~[19]~~ or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".~~[20]~~ <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>		• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia <ref>Mottahedeh, Roy (18 October 2014). The Mantle of the Prophet. Oneworld (August 15, 2000). p. 210. ISBN 978-1851682348. </ref> or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law". <ref>Esposito, John L. (21 October 2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (Oxford Quick Reference). Oxford University Press; 1 edition (October 21, 2004). p. 21. ISBN 978-0195125597. </ref> <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.~~[22]~~ Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.~~[23][24]~~		• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani. <ref>The course of Imam Khomeini's struggles narrated by SAVAK [Seir e mobarezat e imam khomeini be revayat e savak] (in Persian). 1. p. 45. and http://english.khamenei.ir/news/2130/bio </ref> Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961. <ref>Mottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet, (1985, 2000), p.231 </ref> Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon. <ref>"Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi". </ref> <ref>Chehabi, Abisaab, Houchang , Rula Jurdi (2006). Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years. I.B.Tauris (April 2, 2006). ISBN 978-1860645617. </ref>
			• Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i - he authored Tafsir al-Mizan <ref>Biography of Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei by Amid Algar, University of California, Berkeley, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. </ref> and he was one of the most prominent Intellectuals of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam. <ref>Legenhausen, Dr. Muhammad. "'Allamah Tabataba'i And Contemporary Philosophical Theology". ALHODA PUBLISHERS. </ref> <ref>Husayni Tihrani, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn (2011). Shining Sun. Islamic College for Advanced Studie; UK ed. edition (May 1, 2011). ISBN 978-1904063407. </ref> He was an expert in philosophy in Islam. His philosophy is focused upon the sociological treatment of human problems. <ref>Legenhausen, Dr. Muhammad. "'Allamah Tabataba'i And Contemporary Philosophical Theology". ALHODA PUBLISHERS. </ref> His book, Shi'ite Islam, was translated into English by Hossein Nasr and William Chittick as a project of Colgate University. He was interviewed by Henry Corbin. <ref>Randall, Yafia Katherine (31 March 2016). Sufism and Jewish-Muslim Relations: The Derekh Avraham Order in Israel. Routledge; 1 edition (April 7, 2016). ISBN 978-1138914032. </ref>

	• Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i - he authored Tafsir al-Mizan[25] and he was one of the most prominent Intellectuals of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam.[26][27]He was an expert in philosophy in Islam. His philosophy is focused upon the sociological treatment of human problems.[26] His book, Shi'ite Islam, was translated into English by Hossein Nasr and William Chittick as a project of Colgate University. He was interviewed by Henry Corbin.[28]		• Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi - he was one of the greatest Marja in Lebanon. He attempted to bring Shia and Sunni closer. <ref>Rizvi, Arsalan. "Sayyid Sharafuddin al-Musawi". </ref>

	• Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi - he was one of the greatest Marja in Lebanon. He attempted to bring Shia and Sunni closer.~~[29]~~

	==Notes==		==Notes==

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 7 March 2021
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	It is located near the Imam Ali Mosque. It was established in the 11th century by Grand Ayatollah Shaykh al-Tusi.		It is located near the Imam Ali Mosque. It was established in the 11th century by Grand Ayatollah Shaykh al-Tusi.
	==History==		==History==
	Shaykh Tusi went to Baghdad to continue education. After 12 years, he was forced to leave Baghdad and go to Najaf for sectarian differences.~~[1]~~ He established the seminary in Najaf in 430 AH (the 11th century AD),[2] which continued as a center of study until the establishment of modern Iraq in 1921. He died in 460 AH (1067 CE).~~[3][4]~~ The seminar was one of the biggest and most important hawza of the world for educating and training Shia clerics.~~[5]~~		Shaykh Tusi went to Baghdad to continue education. After 12 years, he was forced to leave Baghdad and go to Najaf for sectarian differences. <ref>Jaffer - XKP, Mulla Asghar Ali M. FIQH and FUQAHA (PDF). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (November 4, 2015). ISBN 978-1519106759. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-26. </ref> He established the seminary in Najaf in 430 AH (the 11th century AD), <ref>"Part 2: The Fuqaha". World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities. </ref> which continued as a center of study until the establishment of modern Iraq in 1921. He died in 460 AH (1067 CE). <ref>"Hawza - Advanced Islamic Studies". Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 8 March 2011. </ref> <ref>Sreeram Chaulia. "Shiites and Democracy". Mideast Monitor. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. </ref> The seminar was one of the biggest and most important hawza of the world for educating and training Shia clerics. <ref>"A rare look inside the 'heart of society' for Iraq's Shi'ites". </ref>
	==Subjects==		==Subjects==
	The subjects taught at the seminary include:~~[6]~~		The subjects taught at the seminary include: <ref>"Hawza - Advanced Islamic Studies". Archived from the original on 2011-03-08. </ref>

	• Mantiq (Logic)		• Mantiq (Logic)
Line 32:		Line 32:
	==Trained scholars==		==Trained scholars==

	Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary.~~[7]~~		Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>
	• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8]		• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8]

	• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9]		• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9]
	• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.~~[7]~~		• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11]		• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11]

	• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14]		• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14]
	• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary.~~[7]~~		• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11]		• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11]

	• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.~~[7]~~		• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16]		• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16]

	• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia.~~[7]~~		• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18]		• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18]

	• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi.~~[7]~~ He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20]~~[7]~~		• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi. <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref> He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20] <ref>Khoshkhu, Rasoul Imani. "A Glimpse at the Major Shi'a Seminaries part 1". Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. </ref>

	• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24]		• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 7 March 2021
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	==Subjects==		==Subjects==
	The subjects taught at the seminary include:[6]		The subjects taught at the seminary include:[6]

	• Mantiq (Logic)		• Mantiq (Logic)

	• Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence)		• Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence)

	• Fiqh (Jurisprudence)		• Fiqh (Jurisprudence)

	• Tafsir al-Qur'an (Qur'an Exegesis)		• Tafsir al-Qur'an (Qur'an Exegesis)

	• Ulum al-Qur'an (Qur'an Sciences)		• Ulum al-Qur'an (Qur'an Sciences)

	• Ilm al-Hadith (The Study of Traditions)		• Ilm al-Hadith (The Study of Traditions)

	• Ilm ar-Rijal (Science of Narrators)		• Ilm ar-Rijal (Science of Narrators)

	• Tarikh (History)		• Tarikh (History)

	• Aqaid / Kalam (Theology)		• Aqaid / Kalam (Theology)

	• Lugha (Language Studies)		• Lugha (Language Studies)

	• Falsafa (Islamic Philosophy)		• Falsafa (Islamic Philosophy)

	• Irfan (Islamic Mysticism)		• Irfan (Islamic Mysticism)

	==Trained scholars==		==Trained scholars==

	Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary.[7]		Some of the known Shia Grand Ayatollahs were trained in the Najaf seminary.[7]
	• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8]		• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili - he was one of the most famous Shia scholars. He was known as Mohaghegh (researcher) and Moghaddas (saint).[8]

	• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9]		• Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - he was known as Baḥr al-Ulum for his considerable knowledge. Bahr al-Ulum was a popular Shia Muslim scholar. He is specifically known as one of the few individuals who attained the climax of spiritual perfection.[9]
	• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7]		• Mohammad Bagher Shafti - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7]

	• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11]		• Akhund Khorasani - he was a student of Morteza Ansari. Khorasani was the greatest Marjaʿ after Mirza Shirazi and before Mohammad Fadhil Sharabiani, he was known as an indubitable master of usul al-fiqh.[10] He authored a book focused on commercial law.[11]

	• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14]		• Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei - Ali al-Sistani was his student.[12] He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim.[13] He was well-known author in Hadith studies and Rijal and Kalam knowledge.[12][14]
	• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary.[7]		• Ibn Idris Hilli - he founded the Hillah seminary.[7]

	• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11]		• Mirza Shirazi - he was the leader of Samarra seminary and Tobacco Protest.[11]

	• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7]		• Hajj Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi - he was the leader of Isfahan seminary.[7]

	• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16]		• Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi - he was the founder of the Qom Seminary in Iran.[15] Ruhollah Khomeini was his student. He was Marjaʿ.[16]

	• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia.[7]		• Kashif al-Ghita - he was the leader and great Marjaʿ of Shia.[7]

	• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18]		• Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi - he authored Javaher al-kalam Fi sharh-e Sharay-e al-Islam[17]and was a leader of the Najaf seminary.[18]

	• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi.[7] He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20][7]		• Morteza Ansari - he was the leader of Najaf seminary after the death of Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi.[7] He has been called "first effective" Marjaʿ of the Shia[19] or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".[20][7]

	• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24]		• Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi - his popular students included Imam Khomeini, Hossein Vahid Khorasani, Sayed Ali Khamenei, Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and Dr. Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani.[21] Borujerdi was the sole marja "in the Shia world" from 1945-6 until his death in 1961.[22] Borujerdi was the first Marja who attempted Islamic unity. He sent Sayyid Muhaqqiqi to Hamburg, Germany, Aqa-e-Shari'at to Karachi, Pakistan, Al-Faqihi to Medina and Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon.[23][24]

	• Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i - he authored Tafsir al-Mizan[25] and he was one of the most prominent Intellectuals of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam.[26][27]He was an expert in philosophy in Islam. His philosophy is focused upon the sociological treatment of human problems.[26] His book, Shi'ite Islam, was translated into English by Hossein Nasr and William Chittick as a project of Colgate University. He was interviewed by Henry Corbin.[28]		• Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i - he authored Tafsir al-Mizan[25] and he was one of the most prominent Intellectuals of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam.[26][27]He was an expert in philosophy in Islam. His philosophy is focused upon the sociological treatment of human problems.[26] His book, Shi'ite Islam, was translated into English by Hossein Nasr and William Chittick as a project of Colgate University. He was interviewed by Henry Corbin.[28]

	• Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi - he was one of the greatest Marja in Lebanon. He attempted to bring Shia and Sunni closer.[29]		• Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi - he was one of the greatest Marja in Lebanon. He attempted to bring Shia and Sunni closer.[29]

	==Notes==		==Notes==