Peysepar at 11:38, 29 November 2025

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	== References ==		== References ==
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			[[Category:English Wikivahdat]]
			[[category:Think tanks]]

Peysepar at 07:55, 25 November 2025

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	~~= International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) =~~

	The '''International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)''' is a global think tank specialising in defence, security, and strategic policy. Founded in 1958, it has become a key reference source for governments, militaries, and analysts focusing on global strategy (International Institute for Strategic Studies, n.d.-a). <ref>International Institute for Strategic Studies. (n.d.-a). About IISS. https://www.iiss.org</ref>		The '''International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)''' is a global think tank specialising in defence, security, and strategic policy. Founded in 1958, it has become a key reference source for governments, militaries, and analysts focusing on global strategy (International Institute for Strategic Studies, n.d.-a). <ref>International Institute for Strategic Studies. (n.d.-a). About IISS. https://www.iiss.org</ref>

Peysepar at 07:55, 25 November 2025

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Peysepar: Created page with "= International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) = The '''International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)''' is a leading global think tank specializing in defence, security, and strategic studies. Founded in 1958, it has become internationally recognized for its analyses of military capabilities, geopolitical trends, and regional security dynamics.{{cite web |title=About IISS |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=International Institute..."

2025-11-25T07:47:43Z

Created page with "= International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) = The '''International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)''' is a leading global think tank specializing in defence, security, and strategic studies. Founded in 1958, it has become internationally recognized for its analyses of military capabilities, geopolitical trends, and regional security dynamics.<ref name="IISSAbout">{{cite web |title=About IISS |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=International Institute..."

New page

= International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) =

The '''International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)''' is a leading global think tank specializing in defence, security, and strategic studies. Founded in 1958, it has become internationally recognized for its analyses of military capabilities, geopolitical trends, and regional security dynamics.<ref name="IISSAbout">{{cite web |title=About IISS |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The institute is known for its flagship publications, including ''The Military Balance'', ''Survival'', the ''Adelphi'' series, and ''Strategic Comments'', as well as for hosting high-level security dialogues in Asia and the Middle East.

== Identification and Metadata ==
'''Official name:''' International Institute for Strategic Studies
'''Acronym:''' IISS
'''Founded:''' 1958 by Michael Howard, Denis Healey, and Alastair Buchan<ref name="IISSAbout" />
'''Legal status:''' UK-registered charity; private company limited by guarantee
'''Headquarters:''' Arundel House, 6 Temple Place, London
'''Regional offices:''' Washington, D.C.; Singapore; Manama; Berlin<ref name="IISSAbout" />
'''Staff size:''' Estimated 100–250 (2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/international-institute-for-strategic-studies |publisher=Crunchbase |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>
'''Budget:''' £25.03 million income (2023)<ref name="IISSAR">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2023 |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>

=== Governance ===
The IISS Board of Trustees is chaired by Bill Emmott and includes high-profile figures such as Caroline Atkinson, Hakeem Belo-Osagie, John Brennan (former CIA Director), and Florence Parly (former French Minister of the Armed Forces).<ref name="IISSAR" />
Numerous former staff and trustees have held senior government or diplomatic roles.

== Mission, Vision and Structure ==
The IISS states its mission is to serve as a “primary source of accurate, objective information on international strategic issues” and asserts that it “owes no allegiance to any government or political organisation.”<ref name="IISSAbout" />

=== Organisational Structure ===
The institute is divided into thematic divisions:
* Defence and Military Analysis
* Geo-economics and Strategy
* Regional Security (Middle East, Asia, Europe, Americas)
* Conflict, Security and Development
* Consulting and Advisory Services

=== Funding Model ===
IISS receives funding from:
* governments
* corporations
* philanthropic foundations
* membership subscriptions
* events and conferences

Major corporate donors include Airbus, BAE Systems, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon.<ref>{{cite web |title=IISS Funding and Governance |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>
Past transparency studies (e.g., Transparify) have rated IISS as relatively opaque compared with other think tanks.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies |website=Wikipedia |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>

== Thematic and Methodological Profile ==
IISS specializes in defence policy, regional security, military inventories, conflict dynamics, non-proliferation, and geopolitical analysis. Research on Muslim-majority countries is primarily focused on:
* Middle East geopolitics
* Islamist militancy
* defence spending and procurement
* Türkiye’s defence industrialisation
* Gulf regional security

=== Methods ===
Methods include:
* policy analysis
* open-source intelligence (OSINT)
* expert interviews
* defence-economics modelling
* case studies and scenario analysis

IISS publishes both peer-reviewed (e.g., ''Survival'') and non-peer-reviewed materials (e.g., policy briefs, Strategic Comments).<ref>{{cite web |title=IISS Publications |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>

== Publications and Outputs on Islam / Muslim Affairs ==

=== Representative Outputs ===

# '''''The Defence Policy and Economics of the Middle East and North Africa'' (2022).'''
Summary: Analysis of defence budgets, procurement trends, and regional military competition.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Defence Policy and Economics of the Middle East and North Africa |url=https://www.iiss.org/globalassets/media-library... |publisher=IISS |date=2022}}</ref>

# '''''Adapting Security: Türkiye’s Foreign Policy and Defence Industrialisation'' (2024).'''
Examines Türkiye’s growing defence industry and its foreign-policy implications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Adapting Security |url=https://www.iiss.org/globalassets/media-library... |publisher=IISS |date=2024}}</ref>

# '''''From Client to Competitor: The Rise of Türkiye’s Defence Industry'' (2024).'''
Analyses Türkiye's transition to major defence exporter.<ref>{{cite web |title=From Client to Competitor |url=https://www.iiss.org/globalassets/media-library... |publisher=IISS |date=2024}}</ref>

# '''''Turbulence in the Eastern Mediterranean'' (Strategic Dossier).'''
Regional tensions involving Muslim-majority states; uses scenario modelling.<ref>{{cite web |title=Turbulence in the Eastern Mediterranean |url=https://www.iiss.org/publications/strategic-dossiers |publisher=IISS}}</ref>

# '''''Tactics before Strategy: Understanding Today’s Middle East'' (2018).'''
Argues Middle East strategy suffers from short-term tactical decision-making.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tactics before Strategy |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/2018/10/todays-middle-east |publisher=IISS |date=2018}}</ref>

Most reports are publicly accessible, though underlying datasets are usually not available.

== Policy Impact ==
IISS has high policy salience. Its events include:
* '''Shangri-La Dialogue''' (Asia)
* '''Manama Dialogue''' (Middle East)

These forums are attended by heads of state, defence ministers, and military leaders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shangri-La and Manama Dialogues |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=IISS}}</ref>

IISS’s ''Military Balance'' is referenced by defence ministries, NATO, and the EU.<ref name="IISSAbout" />

Government citations and uses include:
* ministerial speeches at IISS events
* parliamentary references to ''The Military Balance''
* commissioned advisory work
* contributions to regional security dialogues (e.g., Manama Dialogue 2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=Manama Dialogue 2024 Plenary |url=https://www.iiss.org |publisher=IISS |date=2024}}</ref>

== Stakeholder Engagement and Research Ethics ==
Engagement with Muslim communities is limited, as IISS focuses on state-level actors rather than civil society or religious institutions. Much research is desk-based, reducing requirements for fieldwork consent protocols.

The organisation has not been prominently associated with research-ethics controversies relating to Muslim communities.

== Funding and Conflict of Interest Analysis ==
Major funders include defence corporations and Western governments. Potential conflicts of interest arise in areas where donor industries overlap with research topics (e.g., arms procurement).<ref>{{cite report |title=No Such Thing as a Free Donation? |author=Egeland, K.; Tarqi, A. |url=https://www.ceasefire.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Tarqi_pdf_nw_conflicts_of_interest.pdf |date=2022}}</ref>

Transparency remains moderate; although financial statements are published, details on donor influence remain limited.<ref name="IISSAR" />

== Editorial Independence and Governance ==
Board membership includes former senior defence and intelligence officials, raising questions about the boundary between research and state security priorities. While IISS states it maintains full editorial independence,<ref name="IISSAbout" /> external transparency assessments suggest room for improvement.<ref>{{cite web |title=IISS Transparency |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies |website=Wikipedia}}</ref>

== Academic Critique ==

=== Epistemic Rigour ===
IISS excels in defence-technical analysis but often offers limited methodological transparency, hindering replicability.<ref>Egeland & Tarqi (2022)</ref>

=== Normative Framing ===
Coverage of Muslim-majority regions often emphasises security, conflict, and militarism rather than socio-economic or cultural dimensions.

=== Bias and Positionality ===
Close ties to defence sectors and Western governments may influence research priorities and problem framing.

=== Policy Relevance vs. Academic Rigor ===
Outputs are policy-oriented, timely, and concise, but often lack theoretical depth typical of academic research.

=== Ethical Considerations ===
Given the elite focus and minimal fieldwork, issues such as local researcher safety or community-based ethical review are rarely addressed.

=== Contribution to Knowledge ===
IISS contributes notably to military and strategic knowledge but less to human security, religious studies, or socio-political analyses of Muslim societies.

== Controversies ==
Criticisms include:
* opaque funding (Transparify)
* defence-industry influence concerns
* limited methodological transparency

IISS has responded by publishing annual audited accounts and expanded donor disclosures.<ref name="IISSAR" />

== Comparative Positioning ==
Compared with peers:
* '''Chatham House''' – broader thematic range; more transparent
* '''Carnegie Endowment''' – deeper academic analysis; more inclusive regional research
* '''CSIS''' – similarly policy-driven, but with more public transparency on donors

IISS is stronger in military-technical expertise and defence inventory analysis.

== Recommendations ==

=== For Researchers ===
* Advocate for data transparency and open methods
* Engage with Muslim civil-society actors
* Incorporate interdisciplinary approaches

=== For Policymakers ===
* Use IISS outputs alongside independent academic sources
* Require more explicit conflict-of-interest disclosures
* Encourage methodological transparency in commissioned work

== References ==
<references />

International Institute for Strategic Studies - Revision history

Peysepar at 11:38, 29 November 2025

Peysepar at 07:55, 25 November 2025

Peysepar at 07:55, 25 November 2025