Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-06-27T04:06:21Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
| name = Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
| image = Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.jpg
| full_name = Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Qurashi al-Asadi
| kunya = Abu Abdullah
| birth_place = [[Mecca]]
| death_date = 36 AH
| death_place = [[Battle of the Camel]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| activities = {{hlist |Opposition to the [[Saqifah Bani Sa'idah|Saqifah Council]] |Member of the Six-Man Council under the Three Caliphs |Voted for the [[Caliphate]] of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (AS)]] |Role in the killing of [[Uthman]] |Leader of the [[Battle of the Camel]] against [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (AS)]] }}
}}
'''Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Qurashi al-Asadi''', son of the paternal aunt of [[Muhammad|the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny)]], was one of the [[Companions]] of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) and one of the [[Ten Promised Paradise]] from the perspective of [[Sunni Islam|Sunnis]]. He was among the first converts to [[Islam]] and among the [[Muhajirun]] to [[Abyssinia]]. During the [[Saqifah]], he did not accept the ruling of the Saqifah Council and defended the [[Caliph|Caliphate]] of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (AS)]]. Zubayr was a member of the Six-Man Council and voted in favor of Imam Ali (AS). He played an effective role in the revolt against [[Uthman]] and his killing. He defended the Caliphate of Imam Ali (AS), but shortly after, along with [[Talha]], he stood against Imam Ali (AS) and instigated the [[Battle of the Camel]].

== Who is Zubayr ==
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, with the kunya Abu Abdullah, was the nephew of [[Khadija]]<ref>Al-Maqdisi, ''al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh'', Maktabat al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya, vol. 5, p. 83</ref>. His father, al-Awwam (brother of Khadija), was killed in the [[War of Fijar]]<ref>Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinawari, ''al-Ma'arif'', 1992 CE, p. 219</ref>. His mother was Safiyya, daughter of [[Abd al-Muttalib]], i.e., the paternal aunt of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] and [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (AS)]]<ref>Al-Maqdisi, ''al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh'', Maktabat al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya, vol. 5, p. 83</ref>. Some consider the Al Zubayr family to be of Egyptian origin and do not accept their attribution to the noble [[Quraysh]] clan; this group relies on a narration according to which Khuyaylid ibn Asad, during a trip to [[Egypt]], brought al-Awwam with him to [[Mecca]], and in fact, al-Awwam was his adopted son<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, ''Sharh Nahj al-Balagha'', 1404 AH, vol. 11, p. 67</ref>. Zubayr married Asma, daughter of [[Abu Bakr]]<ref>Al-Sam'ani, Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad, ''al-Ansab'', vol. 1, p. 217, edited by Abd al-Rahman ibn Yahya al-Mu'allimi al-Yamani, Hyderabad, Majlis Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Uthmaniyya, 1st ed., 1382/1962.</ref>.

== Zubayr's Conversion to Islam ==
Historical sources record Zubayr's conversion to Islam after the conversion of [[Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr]]; some have said he was 8 years old at that time<ref>Al-Maqdisi, Abu Nasr ibn Mutahhar ibn Tahir, ''al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh'', vol. 5, p. 83</ref>. However, some other historians considered him a 15-year-old adolescent at that time<ref>Ibn Abd al-Barr, Abu Umar Yusuf ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad (d. 463), ''al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab'', vol. 2, p. 510, edited by Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1st ed., 1412/1992</ref><ref>Ibn al-Athir, Ali, ''Usd al-Ghaba'', vol. 2, p. 98</ref>. In a report, it is stated that he was the same age as Imam Ali (AS)<ref>Ibn Abd al-Barr, Abu Umar Yusuf ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad (d. 463), ''al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab'', vol. 2, p. 511, edited by Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1st ed., 1412/1992.</ref>. In this case, he could not have converted to Islam at the age of eight, and the age of 15 seems correct. Zubayr is considered the fifth or sixth convert to Islam<ref>Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi, Muhammad, ''al-Tabaqat al-Kubra'', vol. 3, p. 75</ref>.

== Zubayr during the Prophet's Time ==

=== Before the Hijrah ===
There is not much news about Zubayr before the [[Hijrah]] except that he is counted among the [[Muhajirun|Migrants]] to [[Abyssinia]]<ref>''Tarikh Ibn Khaldun'', vol. 2, p. 415</ref>. When Zubayr and other migrants were in Abyssinia, it was rumored that [[Quraysh]] had converted to [[Islam]], so some of the migrants, including [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam|Zubayr]], returned to [[Mecca]]<ref>''Tarikh Ibn Khaldun'', vol. 2, p. 415</ref>.

=== Pact of Brotherhood ===
One of the actions that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) took after the [[Hijrah]] to [[Medina]] was establishing the [[Pact of Brotherhood]] between [[Muslims]]; at that time, a pact of brotherhood was made between Zubayr and [[Abdullah ibn Masud]]<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''al-Tabaqat al-Kubra'', vol. 3, p. 75</ref>. In another narration, the pact of brotherhood between Zubayr and Salama ibn Salama ibn Waqsh is mentioned<ref>''Tarikh Ibn Khaldun'', vol. 2, p. 423</ref>.

== Presence in Battles ==
Zubayr's presence in the [[Battle of Badr]]<ref>Al-Sam'ani, ''al-Ansab'', vol. 1, p. 216; Ibn Sa'd, ''al-Tabaqat al-Kubra'', vol. 3, p. 77</ref>, [[Uhud]], and [[Conquest of Mecca]] has been reported<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''al-Tabaqat al-Kubra'', vol. 3, p. 77</ref>.

== Killing of Zubayr ==
In the ''[[Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kubra|Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kubra]]'' it is stated: After [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (AS)]] reminded Zubayr of the [[hadith]] of [[Muhammad|the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)]]; that hadith which the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) had said to Zubayr: "O Zubayr, you will soon fight with Ali (AS), while you are wronging him."
Zubayr left the battlefield and fled towards Medina<ref>Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) based on Quran, Hadith and History, Muhammad Muhammadi Rayshahri, Organization for Printing and Publishing Dar al-Hadith, Qom, 1386, vol. 5, p. 167</ref>. After Zubayr's withdrawal, Amr ibn Jurmuz, along with several of his companions, pursued him and surprised and killed him in a place called Wadi al-Siba<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh'', vol. 4, p. 511</ref>. He then went to [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] and told the gatekeeper to get permission for the killer of Zubayr to enter. The Imam said: Allow him to enter and give him the glad tidings of the fire of [[Hell]]<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', vol. 3, p. 254</ref>. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) had also said about the killer of Zubayr: The place of the killer of Zubayr is the Fire<ref>Ibn Asakir, ''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', vol. 18, p. 421</ref>.

The Imam expressed dissatisfaction with the killing of Zubayr, and when he saw his sword, recalling Zubayr's bravery in the early Islamic wars, he said: This sword has removed grief from the face of the Messenger of God many times<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''al-Tabaqat al-Kubra'', vol. 3, p. 78</ref>.

== Construction of Mosque and Building over the Grave ==
[[Ibn al-Jawzi|Ibn al-Jawzi al-Hanbali]] writes in his history: "In the year 386 AH, the people of [[Basra]], after certain events, built a [[mosque]], dome, and shrine over Zubayr's grave and endowed many properties to it as [[waqf]]<ref>Ibn al-Jawzi, ''al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wa al-Umam'', vol. 14, p. 383</ref>".

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Companions]]
[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Historical Figures]]

Draft:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی