Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-06-28T10:53:45Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
| name = Zayd ibn Arqam
| image = Zayd ibn Arqam.jpg
| full_name = Zayd ibn Arqam Ansari Khazraji
| other_names =
| birth_year =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Medina]]
| death_year =
| death_date = 65 AH or 66 AH or 68 AH
| death_place = [[Kufa]]
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| works =
| notable_works = {{Horizontal list |Companions of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (peace be upon him)]] |Narrator of [[Hadith of Ghadir]] |Participation in [[Battle of Siffin]] }}
| website =
}}
'''Zayd ibn Arqam Ansari Khazraji''' is the son of Zayd ibn Qays ibn Nuʾman ibn Malik Ansari Khazraji. There is much disagreement regarding his kunya; some consider him Abu Saʿd, while others, like Haytham, consider him Abu Anisa, and there are also narrations from [[Al-Waqidi]] regarding him with the kunyas Abu Amr, Abu Amir, and Abu Saʿid. He was very close to [[Abdullah ibn Rawaha]], to the extent that before the [[Battle of Muʿtah]], Abdullah ibn Rawaha composed poems describing the desire for martyrdom, and Zayd wept. Suddenly, Abdullah became upset, struck Zayd with a whip, and said: Woe to you! I wish to become a [[martyr]] and you are weeping! He then recited a poem in praise of Zayd.

== Lineage and Kunya ==
He is Zayd ibn Arqam ibn Zayd ibn Qays ibn Nuʾman ibn Malik Ansari Khazraji<ref>Al-Amin, ''Ayan al-Shia'', vol. 7, p. 87; ''Al-Isaba'', vol. 2, p. 487.</ref>.
There are differing opinions regarding Zayd's kunya in sources: Abu Saʿd, Abu Anisa, Abu Amr, Abu Amir, Abu Saʿida, Ibn Adi, Abu Amara, Abu Hamza, Abu Anis<ref> Al-Amin, ''Ayan al-Shia'', vol. 7, pp. 87-88.</ref>.

== Conversion to Islam ==
He accepted [[Islam]] before reaching puberty. The [[Prophet Muhammad|Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] prevented him from participating in the [[Battle of Uhud]] due to his young age<ref>''Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat'': vol. 1, p. 199.</ref>. Zayd reported the conspiracy of the [[Hypocrites]] of Khazraj to betray the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), and [[God]] praised him in the [[Quran]] in [[Surah Al-Munafiqun]]<ref>''Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat'': vol. 1, p. 199.</ref>. With the migration of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)]] to [[Kufa]], he also went there and settled in the Kinda neighborhood. In a gathering where [[Ibn Ziyad]] insulted the severed head of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him), he spoke out in protest and enumerated their virtues. His death is mostly reported to be in the year 68 AH<ref> ''Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra'': vol. 6, p. 18, ''Al-Issti'ab'': vol. 2, p. 109.</ref>.

== Zayd during the Prophet's Time (Peace be upon him and his progeny) ==
Zayd participated in nineteen battles, seventeen of which were [[Expeditions]] accompanied by the Messenger of God. The first expedition he participated in was the [[Expedition of Banu Mustaliq]]<ref>Ibn Abd al-Barr, ''Al-Issti'ab'', vol. 2, p. 535.</ref>. He did not attend [[Uhud]] and [[Badr]] due to his young age<ref>''Rijal al-Tusi'': p. 39, no. 239 and p. 64, no. 565 and p. 94, no. 933 and p. 100, no. 980, ''Rijal al-Barqi'': p. 2, p. 7, ''Rijal al-Kashi'': vol. 1, p. 182.</ref>.

Zayd is the one who conveyed the hypocritical speech of [[Abdullah ibn Ubayy]] to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny). After "Abdullah ibn Ubayy" denied his inappropriate speech and insisted on the [[lie]] of "Zayd ibn Arqam" and swore an [[oath]], and the elders of the Ansar supported him and attributed error and mistake in narration to "Zayd" due to him being a child. At this time, [[Surah Al-Munafiqun]] was revealed and recounted the inappropriate speech of "Abdullah ibn Ubayy" in that Surah:
{{Quran |text=يقُولُونَ لَئِن رَّجَعْنَا إِلَى ٱلْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ ٱلْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا ٱلْأَذَلَّ ۚ وَلِلَّهِ ٱلْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِۦ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلْمُنَـٰفِقِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ يقُولُونَ لَئِن رَجَعْنَا إِلَى ٱلْمَدِينَةِۖ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ ٱلْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا ٱلْأَذَلَّ |surah=63 |verse=8 }} (Translation: They say: "If we return to Medina, the mightier will surely drive out the weaker therefrom." But honor belongs to Allah and His Messenger and to the believers, but the hypocrites do not know.)

And also:
{{Quran |text=هُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَا تُنفِقُوا۟ عَلَىٰ مَنْ عِندِ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ حَتَّىٰ يَنفَضُّوا۟...|surah=63 |verse=7 }} (Translation: They are the ones who say: "Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse...)
God Almighty testified to the lies of the [[Hypocrites]] at the very beginning of the Surah and revealed the falsehood of their [[oaths]], and drew His Messenger's attention that: The deceptive appearance of these hypocrites should not deceive you, and He commanded him: Your enemies are these hypocrites, beware of them, and do not believe their hypocritical speech.

== The Three Caliphs ==
It is narrated from [[Fadl ibn Shadhan]] that Zayd ibn Arqam was among the first who turned to [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (peace be upon him)]] after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Ikhtiyar Ma'rifat al-Rijal'', vol. 1, pp. 177-182.</ref>.

Zayd, in the [[Event of Saqifah|Saqifah incident]], believed in supporting Imam Ali (peace be upon him), stating that if he were proposed for the succession of the Prophet, no disagreement would arise<ref>Al-Amin, ''Ayan al-Shia'', vol. 7, p. 88.</ref>.

== Caliphate of Imam Ali (Peace be upon him) ==
Zayd participated in the [[Battle of Siffin]] alongside Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and was among his special companions<ref>Ibn Abd al-Barr, ''Al-Issti'ab'', vol. 2, p. 536.</ref>.

Some have said that in the [[Event of Rahba]], when [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)]] asked the [[Companions]] to testify to what they had heard from the Prophet peace be upon him regarding the hadith "Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master"<ref>''A'lam al-Wara bi-A'lam al-Huda'', p: 133.</ref>, Zayd did not testify and the Imam [[prayed]] that he become blind, and so it happened.

[[Sayyid Muhsin Amin]] writes that since such a narration has also come regarding [[Bara' ibn Azib]], apparently the narrations attributing the concealment of testimony to Zayd are confused with Bara'; because many narrators have narrated the [[Hadith of Ghadir]] from Zayd. Moreover, Zayd is among those who considered Ali superior to others and was among his special companions<ref>Al-Amin, ''Ayan al-Shia'', vol. 7, p. 88.</ref>.

== Sermon of Ghadir ==
Zayd is among the narrators of the [[Hadith of Ghadir]] from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), and many narrators among reliable sources of [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] including: [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] in Musnad, [[Al-Nasa'i]] in ''[[Al-Sunan al-Kubra (book)|Al-Sunan al-Kubra]]'' and ''[[Khasa'is Amir al-Mu'minin (book)|Khasa'is Amir al-Mu'minin]]'', Al-Hakim in ''[[Al-Mustadrak (book)|Al-Mustadrak]]'' have narrated this hadith from him with various chains of transmission<ref>Refer to: Al-Amini, ''Al-Ghadir'', vol. 1, pp. 77-92.</ref>.

== Objection to Ibn Ziyad ==
[[Allameh Majlesi]] writes: It is narrated from [[Sa'd ibn Mu'adh]] and [[Amr ibn Sahl]] that we were present in the court of [[Ibn Ziyad]] and observed that Ubaydallah was striking the eyes and lips of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) with his cane and insulting His Holiness; Zayd ibn Arqam was present; upon seeing this scene, he said: O Ibn Ziyad, put down your cane, for I saw [[Muhammad ibn Abdallah (Seal of the Prophets)|the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] placing his blessed lips on these lips and mouth (and kissing them); then he wept loudly.

Here Ibn Ziyad said: O enemy of God! May God make your eyes weep! If you were not a senile old man who has lost his mind, I would surely strike your neck<ref> Sheikh Mufid has also narrated the conversation between Zayd and Ubaydallah up to this point in ''Al-Irshad'' (pp. 114-115) with slight differences in wording.</ref>!

Zayd said: Then let me tell you another story that is even more important than what I said, and it is that One day I saw the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) seating Hassan (peace be upon him) on his right knee and Hussein (peace be upon him) on his left knee; He placed his blessed hands on their heads and said: «أَللّهُمَّ إِنّی أسْتَوْدِعُکَ إیاهُما وَ صالِحَ الْمُؤمِنینَ»<ref>''Bihar al-Anwar'', Vol. 45, p. 118.</ref>; (O God, I entrust these two and the righteous believers to You.) Now say, what have you done with the Messenger of God's trust<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-Anwar'', Vol. 45, p. 118.</ref>?

According to Tabari's narration, Zayd ibn Arqam rose from Ibn Ziyad's court after this conversation and left<ref>In ''Bihar al-Anwar'' (Vol. 45, p. 117) it is stated: He left there while his voice was raised in weeping.</ref>. When he went out, some people said: Zayd ibn Arqam uttered other words which, if Ubaydallah had heard them, he would surely have killed him. The narrator of this news says: I asked what he said?

They said: When Zayd passed by us, he said: «مَلِکَ عَبْدٌ حُرّاً; A slave has become the master of a free man»; Then he added: «یا مَعْشَرَةَ الْعَرَبِ! اَلْعَبیدُ بَعْدَ الْیوْمِ، قَتَلْتُمُ ابْنَ فاطِمَة وَ أَمَّرْتُمُ ابْنَ مَرْجانَة، فَهُوَ یقْتُلُ خِیارَکُم وَ یسْتَعْبِدُ شِرارَکُم، فَرَضیتُم بِالذُّلِّ، فَبُعْداً لِمَن رَضِی بِالذُّلِّ»؛ (O people of Arabia! After this day, you are slaves! You killed the son of [[Fatimah bint Muhammad (Zahra)|Fatimah]] and made the [[Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad|son of Marjanah]] ruler. He is the one who kills your best men and enslaves your worst, so away with the mercy of God for whoever is satisfied with humiliation<ref>''Tarikh Tabari'', Vol. 5, p. 456 and ''Bihar al-Anwar'', Vol. 45, p. 116.</ref>.)

== The Head of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) on the Spear ==
Another narration is also reported from Zayd, who says: When the head of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) was passed before me in [[Kufa]] while it was on a spear, I was sitting in a booth. When it reached opposite me, I heard it saying: {{متن قرآن |أَم حَسِبْتَّ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْکَهْفِ وَالرَّقِیمِ کَانُوا مِنْ آیاتِنَا عَجَبًا |سوره = کهف |آیه = ۹ }} (Translation: Did you think that the [[Companions of the Cave]] and [[Companions of the Raqim]][sleepers of the inscribed tablet] were among Our signs a wonder?) So by God [[oath]], the hair on my body stood up and I shouted: O son of the Messenger of God! By God, I swear! Your head is more wondrous and more wondrous<ref>Al-Mufid, ''Al-Irshad'', p. 117.</ref>.

== Hadiths and Works ==
Zayd ibn Arqam is among the narrators who have mentioned [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]] as the first to embrace Islam and considered him superior to others<ref>''Sharh Nahj al-Balagha'', Ibn Abi al-Hadid: Vol. 4, p. 119.</ref>. In addition to the [[Hadith of Ghadir]]<ref>''Al-Ghadir'': Vol. 1, p. 29.</ref>, he is among the narrators of the [[Hadith of Kisa]]<ref>''Sharh Nahj al-Balagha'', Ibn Abi al-Hadid: Vol. 3, p. 207.</ref> as well. [[Nawawi]] writes: Zayd has narrated seventy hadiths from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), some of which are about the virtues of Ali (peace be upon him)<ref>''Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat'': Vol. 1, p. 199.</ref>. Ahmad ibn Hanbal has reported his narrations, most of which are about the virtues of the [[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)]]<ref>''Musnad Ibn Hanbal'': Vol. 7, p. 74.</ref>.

== Death ==
The year of Zayd's death is disputed. [[Ibn Sa'd]] in ''Al-Tabaqat'', Hakim in ''Al-Mustadrak'', also in ''Al-Isabah'' and ''Usd al-Ghabah'' have said he died in [[Kufa]] in 68 AH. Some have considered his death in Kufa during the reign of [[Mukhtar]] in the year 66 [[Hijri]] and some 65 AH as the year of his death<ref>Al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'ah'', Vol. 7, p. 87.</ref>.

== Footnotes ==
{{پانویس}}

== Sources ==
# [http://www.asrislam.com/fa/news/2620/%D8%B2%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%B9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF Adapted from the website Zayd ibn Arqam Ansari Khazraji, Companion present in the court of Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad http://www.asrislam.com]
# [http://hadith.net/post/67590/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D9%82-%D9%85/ Adapted from the website Zayd ibn Arqam - Hadith Net http://hadith.net]

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Companions]]
[[Category:Historical Figures]]

Draft:Zayd ibn Arqam - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی