Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-07-19T03:43:32Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{جعبه اطلاعات شخصیت
| عنوان =
| تصویر = سید محمد تیجانی سماوی.jpg
| نام =
| نام‌های دیگر = {{فهرست جعبه افقی |Dr. Tijani |Sayyid Muhammad Tijani }}
| سال تولد = 1936 CE
| تاریخ تولد =
| محل تولد = {{فهرست جعبه افقی |[[تونس|Tunisia]] |City of Gafsa }}
| سال درگذشت =
| تاریخ درگذشت =
| محل درگذشت =
| استادان =
| شاگردان =
| دین = [[اسلام|Islam]]
| مذهب = [[مذهب شیعه|Shia]]
| آثار = {{فهرست جعبه افقی |''Then I Was Guided (Thumma Ah tadait)'' |''[[اهل بیت|Ahl al-Bayt]] Key to Problems'' |''With the Truthful Ones'' |''Ask the Knowledgeable'' |''Journeys of Salvation'' |''Memoirs'' }}
| فعالیت‌ها =
| وبگاه =
}}

'''Sayyid Muhammad al-Tijani al-Samawi''' (born in [[تونس|Country of Tunisia]]) is a renowned Islamologist and leader of the [[مذهب شیعه|Shias]] of [[تونس|Tunisia]] and professor at Sorbonne University in [[فرانسه|France]] who changed his [[مذهب|school of thought]] from [[اهل سنت و جماعت|Sunni]] to [[مذهب شیعه|Shiism]]. Dr. Tijani was initially a follower of the [[مذهب مالکی|Maliki school]]. After a trip to [[عربستان سعودی|Arabia]], he leaned towards [[وهابیت|Wahhabism]] and engaged in propagating Wahhabi beliefs. However, following an acquaintance with one of the professors at the University of [[بغداد|Baghdad]], he traveled to [[عراق|Iraq]]. During this trip, he met and conversed with [[مذهب شیعه|Shia]] scholars, became acquainted with Shia beliefs and, after research, chose the [[مذهب شیعه|Shia school]]. After accepting the Shia school, he wrote works in defense of Shia Islam and in the book ''[[ثم اهتدیت (کتاب)|Thumma Ah tadait]]'', he reported the story of his conversion to Shiism and his meetings with Shia scholars. Tijani's conversion to Shiism faced various reactions from [[وهابیت|Wahhabis]].
According to Tijani, the books ''Al-Muraja'at'' and ''Al-Nass wa al-Ijtihad'' by Sharaf al-Din, as well as [[سید محمد باقر صدر|Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]], one of the Shia [[مرجع تقلید|sources of emulation]], had the greatest influence on his conversion to Shiism.

== Birth and Education ==
Muhammad al-Tijani al-Samawi was born in 1936 CE in the city of Gafsa in southern Tunisia<ref>[http://al-mostabserin.com/persian/87 Biography of Sayyid Muhammad Tijani]</ref>. According to Tijani, his family was originally from Samawah, Iraq, who migrated to North Africa during the Abbasid era<ref>[http://sadeqnet.ir/content/12823 "Detailed Interview of Fars with Ayatollah Tijani al-Samawi"]</ref>.

=== Education ===
He completed his high school education there and then continued his studies at the Faculty of Science and Industry, achieving the rank of engineering. From childhood, he had a great interest in religious knowledge and, with his extraordinary talent, became known for knowledge and piety, and at a young age became the [[امام جماعت|Imam of Congregation]] of the city and also taught [[تفسیر|Quranic exegesis]] and [[فقه|Jurisprudence]]<ref>[http://al-mostabserin.com/persian/87 Biography of Sayyid Muhammad Tijani]</ref>.

Tijani memorized half of the [[قرآن|Quran]] during his childhood. Therefore, during the months of [[رمضان|Ramadan]], he participated as an Imam in [[نماز تراویح|Tarawih prayers]]<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, pp. 11-12.</ref>. According to him, the name Tijani is derived from the Tijaniyyah order, which is common in [[تونس|Tunisia]], [[مراکش|Morocco]], [[الجزایر|Algeria]], [[لیبی|Libya]], [[سودان|Sudan]], [[مصر|Egypt]], etc. They believe that all sheikhs and saints of God acquired their knowledge from each other, except Sheikh Ahmad al-Tijani, who acquired his knowledge directly from [[محمد بن عبد‌الله (خاتم الانبیا)|the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny)]]<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, pp. 12-13.</ref>. Tijani completed his preliminary studies over two or three years at [[دانشگاه زیتونیه تونس|Zitouna University of Tunisia]]<ref>"Detailed Interview of Fars with Ayatollah Tijani al-Samawi"</ref>. He made numerous trips to [[جمهوری عربی مصر|Egypt]], [[حجاز|Hejaz]], [[عراق|Iraq]], and other countries to gain knowledge and awareness and perform [[حج|Hajj]] and [[عمره مفرده|Umrah]], and during these trips and encounters, he realized the validity of the [[مذهب شیعه|Shia school]] and officially declared his [[مذهب شیعه|Shiism]]. Following harassment by the [[تونس|Tunisia]] regime, he migrated from that country to [[پاریس|Paris]]<ref>[http://al-mostabserin.com/persian/87 Biography of Sayyid Muhammad Tijani]</ref>.

He attended Franco-Arab schools (French-Arabic). Then he became an assistant professor at the Yousbay Pre-University Institute and taught there for about 17 years<ref>[http://sadeqnet.ir/content/12823 "Detailed Interview of Fars with Ayatollah Tijani al-Samawi"]</ref>.

Tijani spent more than eight years at [[دانشگاه سوربن|Sorbonne University]] and the Paris Institute of Higher Education, conducting comparative studies among [[دین|religions]], especially [[ادیان توحیدی|monotheistic religions]], and graduated from Sorbonne University with a specialized research master's degree in this field. Then he received an international PhD from this university in the field of [[فلسفه|Philosophy]] and [[علوم انسانی|Humanities]], and subsequently in the specialized field of History and [[فرق و مذاهب اسلامی|Islamic Schools]]. The topic of his doctoral thesis was Islamic Thought in ''[[نهج‌ البلاغه|Nahj al-Balagha]]'', thus he translated Nahj al-Balagha into French. After obtaining his PhD, he taught for one year at Sorbonne University and three years at the Balzam Institute in Paris<ref>[http://sadeqnet.ir/content/12823 "Detailed Interview of Fars with Ayatollah Tijani al-Samawi"]</ref>.

== Choosing the Shia School ==
[[پرونده:آنگاه که هدایت شدم.jpg|200px|بی‌قاب|چپ]]
Tijani was a follower of the Maliki school<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, pp. 28-29.</ref>. In 1964 CE, he participated in a conference in [[مکه|Mecca]] regarding [[مسلمان|Muslim]] Arabs, and during this trip, he leaned towards [[وهابیت|Wahhabism]] and subsequently engaged in propagating their beliefs<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, pp. 16-17.</ref>. During a trip to [[بیروت|Beirut]], Tijani became acquainted with one of the Shia professors at the University of [[بغداد|Baghdad]] named Mun'im. In this meeting, he accused Shias of [[کفر|infidelity]] and polytheism, but Mun'im invited him to Iraq to become acquainted with Shiism.<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, pp. 29-31.</ref> Tijani accepted Mun'im's invitation and during his trip to [[عراق|Iraq]], he visited the shrine of [[علی بن ابی‌طالب|Imam Ali (peace be upon him)]], the shrine of [[کاظمین|Kazimayn]], and the tomb of [[عبدالقادر گیلانی|Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani]], and met with some Shia scholars<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, pp. 45-46.</ref>. Meeting with [[سید ابوالقاسم خوئی|Ayatollah Khoei]] and [[سید محمد باقر صدر|Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]], who were among the Shia [[مرجع تقلید|sources of emulation]], caused some of his beliefs about [[مذهب شیعه|Shias]] to be corrected and his questions to be answered<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, p. 49.</ref>. He has spoken about the influence of Shia scholars, especially Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, on himself, and in the book "''Then I Was Guided''", he reported these meetings, the questions raised, and Ayatollah Sadr's answers<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, pp. 53-60.</ref>.

After meeting with Shia scholars in [[نجف|Najaf]], Tijani engaged in research to reach the truth. He said regarding this: "I made a pact with myself to consider authentic hadiths agreed upon by [[مذهب شیعه|Shia]] and [[اهل سنت و جماعت|Sunni]] as definitive evidence and documentation, and to set aside hadiths that one sect relies on to the exclusion of the other<ref>Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, p. 76.</ref>. He proceeded to study Shia beliefs. The most important book that influenced him in this matter was ''[[المراجعات (کتاب‌)|Al-Muraja'at]]'' and Al-Nass wa al-Ijtihad written by [[سید عبدالحسین شرف ‌‌الدین|Sayyid Abdul Husayn Sharaf al-Din]]<ref> Tijani, Thumma Ah tadait, Madinat al-Ilm Publications, p. 75.</ref>.

== Works ==
[[File:سیدمحمد تیجانی - 3.jpg|250px|frameless|left]]
After converting to Shiism, Tijani wrote books proving the validity of [[Shia Islam|Shia]] and refuting the theories of [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], some of which are as follows.

''Thumma Ihtadaytu'': In this book, Tijani has written about the story of his change of [[religion]] from [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] to [[Shia Islam|Shia]]. While recounting his biography, he reports the story of his trip to Iraq, and his meetings and conversations with Shia scholars. In this book, the author has defended the beliefs of the Shia school of thought by citing Sunni hadiths. This book has been translated into '''fourteen languages''' and printed several times in [[Iran|Iran]]. Its Persian translation is named ''Then I Was Guided''.
''Ahl al-Bayt, the Key to Problems'', ''The Real Sunni'', ''With the Truthful'', ''Ask the Knowledgeable'', ''The Path to Salvation'', and ''Travels and Memories'' are among his other works<ref>''Collection of Books by Dr. Muhammad al-Tijani''</ref>. The book ''Summary of Thoughts'' is a summary of six of Tijani's books collected by Hussein Ghaffari Saravi<ref>[http://mtif.org/book/59885 ''Summary of Thoughts'']</ref>.

== Reactions ==
After writing books proving the validity of Shiism and refuting and denying the beliefs of [[Wahhabism]], Tijani came under attack by [[Wahhabism|Wahhabis]] and [[House of Saud|Saudis]]<ref>[http://sadeqnet.ir/content/12823 ''Detailed Interview of Fars with Allamah Tijani al-Samawi'']</ref>. Initially, they claimed that Tijani al-Samawi was a fictional name created by Shia scholars, then they claimed that the book ''Thumma Ihtadaytu'' was the work of the [[Israel|Zionist regime]], to cause people to doubt. Later, they announced that Tijani was neither [[Shia Islam|Shia]] nor [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], but had become an [[Apostasy in Islam|apostate]]<ref>[http://sadeqnet.ir/content/12823 ''Detailed Interview of Fars with Allamah Tijani al-Samawi'']</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Tunisia]]
* [[Iraq]]
* [[Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei|Ayatollah Khoei]]
* [[Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr|Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Islamic Scholars}}

[[Category:Scholars]]
[[Category:Shia scholars]]
[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Tunisia]]

Draft:Sayyid Muhammad al-Tijani al-Samawi - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی