Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
| title = Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani
| image = Qays.jpg
| name = Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani
| other_names =
| birth_year =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Iraq
| death_year =
| death_date = Around 50 AH
| death_place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = Islam
| sect = Shia
| works = Diwan of Poetry
| website =
}}
'''Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani''' was among the companions of Imam [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali]] and Imam [[Hasan ibn Ali (al-Mujtaba)|Hasan]] (peace be upon them both)<ref>[https://fa.wikifeqh.ir/%D8%B3%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani]</ref>

==Tribe and Clan==
He was from the clan of Banu Zayd ibn Marib, from the Yemeni tribe of Hamdan in [[Iraq]], and was the chief of this tribe<ref>Hasan ibn Ahmad Ibn Hayk al-Hamdani, ''Al-Iklil min Akhbar al-Yaman wa Ansab Himyar'', Vol. 10, p. 58, Beirut 1408/1987</ref><ref>Hasan ibn Ahmad Ibn Hayk al-Hamdani, ''Al-Iklil min Akhbar al-Yaman wa Ansab Himyar'', Vol. 10, p. 54, Beirut 1408/1987</ref>.

==Among the Companions of Imam Ali (peace be upon him)==
[[Shaykh Tusi|Tusi]], narrating from [[Fadl ibn Shadhan]], mentioned Sa'id ibn Qays among the close companions of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] (peace be upon him) and the elders and ascetics of the [[Tabi'un]]<ref>Tusi, ''Rijal al-Tusi'', p. 69</ref>.

==Activities==
===Presence in the Battle of Nahavand===
The first historical report about Sa'id ibn Qays concerns his presence in the [[Battle of Nahavand]] in the year 21<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'' (Beirut), Vol. 4, p. 129</ref>.

===Governor of Ray===
Sa'id ibn Qays, around the year 33, undertook the governorship of [[Ray]] on behalf of Sa'id ibn al-As, the governor of [[Uthman]] in [[Kufa]]<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'' (Beirut), Vol. 4, p. 330</ref><ref>Ibn Athir, ''Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh'', Vol. 3, p. 147</ref><ref>Ibn Athir, ''Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh'', Vol. 3, p. 187</ref>. Apparently, after the killing of Uthman, he went to [[Medina]]<ref>Ibn Shabbah Numayri, ''Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah'', Vol. 4, p. 1313, edited by Fahim Muhammad Shaltut, Beirut 1410/1990</ref>.

===Presence in the Battle of Jamal===
In the [[Battle of Jamal]], Imam Ali (peace be upon him) appointed him as the head of the cavalry group of the Hamdan tribe <ref>Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Vol. 2, p. 166, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997</ref><ref>Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Nu'man al-Mufid, ''Al-Jamal aw al-Nusrah li-Sayyid al-Itrah fi Harb al-Basrah'', Vol. 1, p. 319, edited by Ali Mirsharifi, Qom 1416 AH/ 1995 CE</ref><ref>Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, ''Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah'', p. 150, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967</ref><ref>Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, ''Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah'', p. 146, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967</ref>.

===Presence in the Battle of Siffin===
In the [[Battle of Siffin]], [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]] also appointed him as the head of the Hamdan tribe and a group of Himyarites<ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 117, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref>. In this battle, Sa'id was among the commanders of the cavalry of the Imam's army<ref>Ahmad ibn A'tham al-Kufi, ''Kitab al-Futuh'', Vol. 3, p. 25, edited by Ali Shiri, Beirut 1411/ 1991</ref> and commanded the Rajrajah group (the Wave-like Army), consisting of four thousand armored soldiers from the Hamdan tribe<ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 453, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref><ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 520, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref>. Also, Sa'id was among those whom Imam Ali (peace be upon him) sent to [[Muawiyah]] in this same battle to invite him to follow the Book of God and his command and join the congregation<ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 187, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref><ref>Ahmad ibn A'tham al-Kufi, ''Kitab al-Futuh'', Vol. 3, p. 19-20, edited by Ali Shiri, Beirut 1411/ 1991</ref>. Sa'id ibn Qays, along with his people (Hamdan), showed great bravery and sacrifice in the Battle of Siffin and caused the death of some of the famous figures of Muawiyah's army; so much so that Ali (peace be upon him) recited poems in praise of him and the Hamdan tribe<ref>Ibn Shahr Ashub, ''Manaqib Al Abi Talib'', Vol. 2, p. 355, Najaf 1376/1956</ref><ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, ''Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah'', Vol. 5, p. 216, edited by Muhammad Abul-Fadl Ibrahim, Cairo 1378/1959</ref><ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 273-274, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref><ref>Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Vol. 2, p. 222, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997</ref>. The trouble caused to Muawiyah's army by Sa'id ibn Qays and the Hamdanis was such that Muawiyah was forced to go to war with Sa'id and the Hamdanis himself, but he could not make progress and fled. Then, he sent the Yemenis and Akkis to fight the Hamdanis, but they were also defeated<ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 426-427, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref><ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 432-438, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref>. After Muawiyah deceitfully invited the [[Iraq]] army to cease fighting and accept the arbitration of the [[Quran]], Sa'id ibn Qays addressed the Sham army, saying that until now the Imam Ali's army had fought the Shamians for the arbitration of the Quran, and now the Shamians were calling his army to it.

Although the narration of Nasr ibn Muzahim<ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 483-484, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref> <ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 520, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref> suggests that Sa'id ibn Qays was hesitant in accepting or rejecting the proposal to cease fighting, after the peace agreement between the two armies (a few months before the announcement of the arbitration result), Sa'id once again announced his and the Hamdan tribe's readiness to obey [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]] and continue the war.

===His Role in the Arbitration Incident===
However, he eventually accepted it and was among the witnesses of the Imam on the arbitration treaty<ref>Nasr ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ''Waqtat Siffin'', Vol. 1, p. 506-511, edited by Abd al-Salam Harun, Beirut 1414/1990</ref><ref>Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Vol. 2, p. 231, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997</ref><ref>Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, ''Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah'', p. 196, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967</ref>. It is said that when the arbitrators delayed in announcing the result of the arbitration, Sa'id ibn Qays warned them<ref>Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari, ''Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah'', Vol. 1, p. 117, edited by Taha Muhammad Zini, Cairo 1378/1967</ref>.

After the announcement of the arbitrators' verdict, Ali (peace be upon him) again intended to go to Sham for war with Muawiyah, and Sa'id ibn Qays announced his and his tribe's readiness<ref>Ibn Athir, ''Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh'', Vol. 3, p. 340</ref>.

===He and the Kharijites===
When the [[Kharijites]] emerged, Sa'id ibn Qays was among those whom Imam Ali (peace be upon him) sent them to negotiate with the Kharijites<ref>Ibn Babawayh, ''Al-Khisal'', Vol. 1, p. 382, edited by Ali Akbar Ghaffari, Qom 1403 AH/1983 CE</ref>.

===Repelling the Enemy in the City of Anbar===
During the attacks of Muawiyah's commanders in the areas under the command of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and the Imam's complaint about the people of Kufa not striving to repel the enemy, Sa'id ibn Qays announced his readiness and moved with eight thousand people to repel the attack of Sufyan ibn Awf al-Ghamdi on the city of Anbar<ref>Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Vol. 2, p. 319-321, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997</ref><ref>Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Vol. 2, p. 341-342, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997</ref><ref>Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi, ''Al-Gharat'', Vol. 2, p. 464-472, edited by Jalal al-Din Muhaddith</ref><ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'' (Beirut), Vol. 5, p. 79</ref>.

==Accompanying Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) in the War against Muawiyah==
After the martyrdom of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), Sa'id ibn Qays was by the side of Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) and was under his special attention. When Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) sent his twelve-thousand-strong army, under the command of [[Ubaydallah ibn Abbas]], to face Muawiyah towards [[Sham]], he placed Sa'id ibn Qays among his consultants and the second (according to one narration, the third) successor after Ubaydallah<ref>Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Vol. 12, p. 381, edited by Mahmud Firdaws Azm, Damascus, 1997</ref><ref>Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani; ''Maqatil al-Talibin'', Vol. 1, p. 62, edited by Ahmad Saqr, Cairo 1368 AH/ 1949 CE</ref>.

==Death==
The date of Sa'id's death is not clear, and although Al-Zirikli<ref>Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli, ''Al-A'lam'', Vol. 3, p. 100, Beirut 1999</ref>. considered it around the year 50, the narration of Ibn al-Kalbi suggests that Sa'id remained alive for a long time after that. According to the narration of Ibn al-Kalbi, [[Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf|Al-Hajjaj]], the governor of [[Basra]] and Kufa, forced Sa'id ibn Qays to marry his daughter to a man from Banu Aud, who was among Hajjaj's companions and an enemy of Imam Ali (peace be upon him)<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, ''Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah'', Vol. 4, p. 61, edited by Muhammad Abul-Fadl Ibrahim, Cairo 1378/1959</ref>.

==Moral Characteristics==
Sa'id ibn Qays was brave and a warrior, and among the loyal companions of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). Hamdani regarded Sa'id ibn Qays as one of the brave men and the "notables of the Arabs" (''duhat al-Arab''), and generous. Sa'id composed poetry and recited rajaz poetry during the battles of [[Battle of the Camel|Camel]] and [[Battle of Siffin|Siffin]]. He was also an orator, and during the Battle of Siffin, he delivered eloquent sermons and speeches urging his companions to follow Imam Ali (peace be upon him), praising His Holiness, and condemning Mu'awiya.

==Narrator of Hadith==
Sa'id has narrated from Imam Ali.

==Imam Ali's Description of Him==
Ali (peace be upon him), while reciting a poem in his description, said: "He is a man whose speech, action, and generosity are correct and steadfast."

==His Son in Mukhtar's Army==
Among the sons of Sa'id ibn Qays was Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa'id, Mukhtar's agent in Mosul, who died in the year 66 in Mukhtar's army. The Sa'idiyyun family in Bayt Zawd (Yemen) have been attributed to Sa'id ibn Qays.

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Shia figures]]
[[Category:Historical figures]]
[[Category:Arabia]]

Draft:Sa'id ibn Qays al-Hamdani - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی