Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-06-08T04:55:01Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{جعبه اطلاعات شخصیت
| عنوان = Hujr ibn Adi
| تصویر = Hujr ibn Adi.jpg
| نام = Hujr ibn Adi ibn Mu'awiyah ibn Jabalah al-Kindi al-Kufi
| نام‌های دیگر = {{فهرست جعبه افقی |Hujr al-Khayr|Hujr ibn Adbar }}
| سال تولد =
| تاریخ تولد =
| محل تولد =
| سال درگذشت =
| تاریخ درگذشت = 51 AH or 52 or 53 AH
| محل درگذشت = Marj Adhra'
| استادان =
| شاگردان =
| دین = [[Islam]]
| مذهب = [[Shia Islam]]
| آثار =
| فعالیت‌ها =
| وبگاه =
}}
'''Hujr ibn Adi ibn Mu'awiyah ibn Jabalah al-Kindi al-Kufi''' His kunya was Abu Abd al-Rahman, known as Hujr al-Khayr, a companion of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] and among the special companions and [[Shia|Shi'as]] of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)]] and one of the nobles and elites of [[Kufa]]. In the [[Battle of the Camel]], [[Battle of Siffin]], and [[Battle of Nahrawan]], he was counted among the commanders of Ali's army. "Hujr" engaged in defending [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)]] and criticizing [[Mu'awiyah I|Mu'awiyah]], which ultimately led to his [[martyrdom]] alongside a number of his companions in the Marj Adhra' region by his order.

== Who is Hujr ibn Adi ==
His name and lineage is Abu Abd al-Rahman Hujr ibn Adi al-Adbar<ref>It is stated in ''Usd al-Ghabah'': During a battle, a sword struck one of his limbs and injured him. Hence, he was given this nickname. ''Usd al-Ghabah'', Ibn Athir 1: 461; ''al-Isti'ab'', Ibn Abd al-Barr 1: 329; ''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', Ibn Asakir 12: 207, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', Amin Amili: 4: 57.</ref> Mu'awiyah ibn Kindah<ref>. Ibn Sa'd in ''al-Tabaqat'' states: "Murta' ibn Mu'awiyah ibn Kindi"; Ibn Asakir says: His lineage reaches back to Kahlan ibn Saba. ''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', Ibn Asakir 12: 207.</ref> al-Kindi al-Kufi, known as Hujr al-Khayr<ref>. ''Usd al-Ghabah'', Ibn Athir, 1: 461; ''al-Isti'ab'', Ibn Abd al-Barr 1: 329; ''al-Isabah'', Ibn Hajar Asqalani 2: 32; ''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', Ibn Asakir 12: 207; ''al-Mustadrak'', Hakim Nishaburi 3: 468; ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', Amin Amili 4: 750. The origin of this tribe is from the Yemeni tribes and based on historical evidence that there is no opportunity to mention, they migrated to the land of Iraq and settled there.</ref>.

He was born in the Kindah tribe before Islam and along with his brother Hani ibn Adi, he had the honor of meeting [[Prophet of Islam|the Noble Messenger of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] and became Muslims. Nothing is mentioned in history and biography books regarding the birth and time of conversion of this honorable Companion<ref>Ibn Sa'd writes: Delegation of Kindah: Al-Zuhri said: Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays came to the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) with some ten riders from Kindah so they entered upon the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) ..... ''al-Tabaqat al-Kubra'', 1: 328. Perhaps he was also part of this group.</ref>.

Hujr ibn Adi Kindi was one of the prominent figures of the Islamic world and among the special lovers of the Family of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny); descriptions have been narrated for him in historical and biography books that indicate the greatness and magnitude of this glorious Companion. He was a pious ascetic and a worshipping mujahid, and the story of his one thousand [[Prayer]] rakats per day and night is famous among biographers and historians<ref>''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', Ibn Asakir 12: 121 and ''Safinat al-Bihar'', Muhaddith Qumi 1: 545.</ref>. Ibn Abd al-Barr writes: Hujr ibn Adi, despite his young age, was counted among the elders and virtuous [[Companions]] of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny)<ref>''al-Isti'ab'': Ibn Abd al-Barr 1: 329 and ''Usd al-Ghabah'', Ibn Athir 1: 461.</ref>. It is written in ''Usd al-Ghabah'', Hujr ibn Adi received 2500 dirhams as stipend<ref>''Usd al-Ghabah'', Ibn Athir 1: 462.</ref>. [[Fadl ibn Shadhan]] considers him among the heads of the ascetics<ref>''Rijal al-Kashi'', Kashshi: 69.</ref>. He has been counted among the Abdal<ref> ''Rijal al-Tusi'', Shaykh Tusi: 60; ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', Amin Amili 4: 570; ''Safinat al-Bihar'', Muhaddith Qumi 1: 545 and ''Qamus al-Rijal'', Shushtari 3: 122.</ref>.

In the [[Battle of Jamal]] he was with Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and in the [[Battle of Siffin]] he was the commander of the Kindah tribe and in [[Nahrawan]] he undertook the command of the right wing of Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) army, he held a very honorable position and was a brave and courageous man, especially since he smoothed over all kinds of hardship, annoyance and calamity for himself in the way of [[Religion]] and feared no danger or blame in this path and ultimately in the year 51 AH by the order of [[Mu'awiyah]] in Marj Adhra'a, which had been conquered by his own hand, he was martyred<ref>There is a slight difference in the year of martyrdom of this Companion of the Noble Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) which will be pointed out at the end.</ref>. Hujr was a man whose supplications were answered, such that it is narrated on the way to [[Syria]] during [[Ablution]] and [[Prayer]] he had no water, he asked the guards for water but they refused, Hujr turned to [[Supplication]] suddenly a cloud appeared from which water was pouring<ref>''al-Isabah'', Ibn Hajar 2: 33 (Ibrahim ibn al-Junayd narrated in the book ''al-Awliya'' with a disconnected chain: That Hujr ibn Adi became junub so he said to the guard "Give me water to purify myself and do not give me anything tomorrow" He said: I fear you will die of thirst so Mu'awiyah will kill me, He said: So he supplicated to God so clouds poured water for him so he took from it what he needed); and ''al-Isti'ab'', Ibn Abd al-Barr 1: 331.</ref>. [[Hakim Nishaburi]] has mentioned him with the title of Monk of the Companions of [[Muhammad ibn Abd Allah (Seal of the Prophets)|Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny)]]<ref>''al-Mustadrak'', Hakim Nishaburi 3: 468.</ref>.

The personality of Hujr ibn Adi is so brilliant that after his martyrdom by the direct order of [[Mu'awiyah]], the elders of the Companions and the wives of the Prophet blamed him for this reason<ref> ''al-Isti'ab'', Ibn Abd al-Barr 1: 332 and ''al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah'', Ibn Kathir 6: 225.</ref> and finally Mu'awiyah at the end of his life said many times: "What do I have to do with Hujr" and he repeated this sentence constantly<ref>''Tarikh al-Tabari'', Tabari 5: 207 "When death approached him, he began to groan with voice and say: My day from you O Hujr is a long day". ''al-A'lam min al-Sahabah wa al-Tabi'in'', Husayn Shakiri 6.</ref> and finally this honorable personality in addition to conversation and meeting with the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) also possessed the virtue of [[Jihad]] in the way of God and the true religion and support of [[Wilayah]]<ref> ''A'yan al-Shi'a'' narrates from ''Mir'at al-Jinan'' that he writes regarding the events of the year 51 AH: "In it Hujr ibn Adi al-Kindi and his companions were killed, it is said: by the order of Mu'awiyah and he had companionship and delegation and jihad and worship". It is worth mentioning that the martyrdom of Hujr ibn Adi by the direct order of Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan is among the certain and definite historical matters. 4: 570.</ref>.

Abu Ma'shar says: Hujr was a worshipper who did not break ablution unless he performed ablution and after every [[Ablution]] he read [[Prayer]] and also he did not spill water unless he performed ablution and read prayer<ref>''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', Ibn Asakir 12: 212. He was never without ablution, and whenever he renewed ablution he read at least two rakats of prayer.</ref>.
In order for his mother to rest comfortably in bed, before his mother he would touch the bed and sometimes he would sleep on it himself so that nothing would harm his mother's body<ref> ''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', Ibn Asakir 12: 212.</ref>. One day a family came to Ziyad and complained about an individual who killed one of us, the guardians of the killer said: Of course the killed is Nabati and the killer is Arab and no Arab is subject to [[Qisas]] for a Nabati!! Ziyad said: Of course pay his [[Blood Money]]. The relatives of the killed said: We have no need for [[Blood Money]] we thought all people are equal! Hujr ibn Adi stood up and said: With this ruling and speech you have suspended the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Messenger. As long as I have life I will wield the sword until I die and Islam becomes dear. I swear by God I will not rest until the knife is placed under the killer's throat<ref>''Tarikh Madinat Dimashq'', Ibn Asakir 12: 212.</ref>.

Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) in a reproachful letter to Mu'awiyah writes:

"Are you not the killer of Hujr ibn Adi my brother from Kindah and his righteous, obedient, worshipping companions, they denied oppression and considered innovation and bid'ah great and preferred the ruling of the Book and did not fear the blame of any blamer in the way of God and you killed them with oppression and aggression. ..."

Are you not the killer and murderer of Hujr ibn Adi and his righteous, obedient and worshipping companions, those who were anti-oppression and considered the denial of innovation great and upheld the ruling of the Book of God and feared no blame of any blamer in the way of God and you killed them with oppression and hostility and..<ref> ''al-Ihtijaj'', Tabarsi 2: 297 and ''Bihar al-Anwar'', Allamah Majlisi 44: 212.</ref>.

[[Zuhayr ibn Qayn]] on the day of [[Ashura]] when he observed that the speeches of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) had no effect on the soldiers of [[Umar Sa'd]], he asked permission from the Imam (peace be upon him) to advise as well so he stood in front of the army and said: O people of Kufa we invite you to help the Family of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) and for the destruction and humiliation of oppressors and tyrants such as Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad we invite you, nothing will befall you from [[Yazid]] and Ubaydallah except evil and disgrace, the background of their government is killing and crime and rectifying, these are the ones who killed your elders and leaders individuals such as Hujr ibn Adi and his companions and. .. sent them to the mouth of death<ref>''Musuat al-Tarikh al-Islami'', Yusufi Gharvi 6: 154.</ref>.

Ubaydallah ibn Hurr Ju'fi was from the Uthmanis of Kufa, he went to Syria and along with them after the peace of Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) returned to Kufa, when Ziyad captured Hujr ibn Adi and ten of his companions he wished if he had ten companions he would save them from the hands of Ziyad ibn Abih's officers<ref>''Musuat al-Tarikh al-Islami'', Yusufi Gharvi 6: 125.</ref>.

[[Ibn Shahr Ashub]] when naming the companions of [[Hasan ibn Ali (al-Mujtaba)|Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (peace be upon him)]] writes: From the special and special companions of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) is Hujr ibn Adi<ref> ''Manaqib Al Abi Talib'', Ibn Shahr Ashub 4: 40.</ref>.

== Hujr ibn Adi in the Presence of the Prophet ==
Hujr ibn Adi, along with his brother Hani ibn Adi, had the honor of attending the presence of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) and converted to Islam at his hands, but there is no information available about his activities during the era of [[Muhammad ibn Abdallah (Seal of the Prophets)|the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)]]. Some sources have written that he participated in the [[Battle of Yarmouk]], and we know that the preparations for this battle were made in the last days of the blessed life of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny), and the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) prepared an army under the command of [[Usama ibn Zayd]] outside [[Medina]] ready to move towards the border of [[Rome]], but due to the obstruction and false excuses of some famous Companions, the movement of this army was delayed, and after the heartbreaking demise of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), by the order of [[Abu Bakr]], the aforementioned army moved to carry out its mission. Thus, the only matter obtained from sources regarding Hujr ibn Adi in the era of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) is his presence in Usama's army. Of course, a narration that Al-Hakim al-Nishaburi has transmitted from Hujr indicates that Hujr was on a Hajj journey along with the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)<ref> ''Al-Mustadrak'', Al-Hakim al-Nishaburi 3: 68–465.</ref>.

== Date of Martyrdom ==
Finally, this tireless mujahid, lover of [[Wilayah]] and fidai of [[Imamate]], reached his long-standing wish through the deceit of schemers and world-seekers, and his blessed head was separated from his body in [[Sha'ban]] of the year 51 AH<ref>''Tarikh Madinat Damascus'', Ibn Asakir 12: 211; ''Al-Mustadrak'', Al-Hakim al-Nishaburi 3: 470. Of course, Al-Hakim al-Nishaburi (''Al-Mustadrak'' 3: 468) and Ibn Asakir (''Tarikh Damascus'' 12: 210) have also mentioned the year 53 AH, and Al-Masudi in ''Muruj al-Dhahab'' has mentioned the year 50 AH.</ref>.

== Repercussions of Hujr ibn Adi's Martyrdom ==
The killing of Hujr caused strange distress among [[Muslims]], and not only friends and [[Shi'as]] became upset, but even those who opposed Ali (peace be upon him) expressed disgust and disapproval at Hujr's killing; among them [[Al-Hasan al-Basri]], when he heard that Hujr was killed, asked: Did they pray over him, [[shroud]] him, bury him, and lay him towards the [[Qibla]]? It was said yes, all these instructions were carried out, he said: By the God of the [[Kaaba]], they condemned themselves<ref>''Tarikh al-Tabari'', Tabari 4: 207; ''Tarikh Madinat Damascus'', Ibn Asakir 8: 27; and ''Usd al-Ghabah'', Ibn Athir 1: 462.</ref>.
In the same year that Hujr was killed, Mu'awiyah went to [[Hajj]], met Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him), and said: Do you know what I did with Hujr and his companions and your father's friends? The Imam (peace be upon him) said: What did you do? He said: We killed them, performed [[ghusl]] on them, prayed over them, and buried them. The Imam (peace be upon him) said: You made them your enemy, but Mu'awiyah, if I kill one of your companions, I will neither wash him, nor pray over him, nor shroud him, nor bury him (meaning they are [[Kafir|infidels]] and you considered these as Muslims and killed them)<ref> ''Al-Ihtijaj'', Al-Tabarsi 2: 19–20; and ''Al-Hada'iq al-Nadirah'', Al-Muhaqqiq al-Bahrani 3: 412.</ref>.

[[Aisha]], who heard the story of Hujr, sent Abd al-Rahman ibn Harith to Mu'awiyah to prevent the killing of Hujr, but when Abd al-Rahman arrived, Hujr had been killed. Abd al-Rahman said to Mu'awiyah: What happened to the clemency and forbearance of [[Abu Sufyan]]? Mu'awiyah said: Since forbearing and clement individuals like you were scattered from my side, I lost my clemency, and this matter was imposed on me greatly and I accepted it<ref> ''Al-Ghadir'', Allamah Amini 11: 58; and ''Al-Kamil'', Ibn Athir 3: 487.</ref>.

Aisha always said: If it were not that whatever I pursued became worse than before and its corruption became greater than its benefit, I would certainly pursue the killing of Hujr, because what I knew of Hujr was that he was a man who performed much Hajj and [[Umrah]]<ref> ''Tarikh al-Tabari'', Tabari 4: 208; ''Al-Kamil'' Ibn Athir 3: 487. ''Musuat al-Tarikh al-Islami'', Yusufi Qarawi 6: 22.</ref>.

Abdullah ibn Umar was in the middle of the market when he heard the news of Hujr's killing, he threw his turban from his head and fell to the ground, when he stood up he was crying loudly<ref> ''Al-Isti'ab'', Ibn Abd al-Barr 1: 33; and ''Al-Gharat'', Al-Thaqafi al-Kufi 2: 812.</ref>.

Rabi' ibn Ziyad al-Harithi, who was the governor of [[Khurasan]] on behalf of Mu'awiyah, when he heard that Hujr was martyred, raised his hands in prayer and said: O God, if Rabi' has a status near You, take his soul; he did not move from his place and passed away<ref>''Al-Amali'', Shaykh Tusi: 266, Hadith 37, Session 6.</ref>.

Mu'awiyah also regretted killing Hujr and blamed himself severely; even at the time of death he repeatedly said: "Yawmi minka ya Hujr yawm tawil"; My day of judgment with you, O Hujr, will be a long and hard day<ref> ''Al-Isti'ab'', Ibn Abd al-Barr 1: 332; ''Al-Gharat'', Al-Thaqafi al-Kufi 2: 814; ''Tarikh al-Tabari'', Tabari 5: 257; and ''Al-Kamil'', Ibn Athir 3: 488.</ref>.

One day Mu'awiyah's wife saw that Mu'awiyah lengthened his prayer, she addressed him and said: O Commander of the Faithful, what a good prayer you prayed, of course if you had not put Hujr and his companions to death<ref> ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Al-Baladhuri 5: 270.</ref>.

== Footnotes ==
{{پانویس}}

== Sources ==
[https://www.alwahabiyah.com/fa/articleview/515/%D8%AD%D9%8F%D8%AC%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%AF%DB%8C/ Adapted from the website Hujr ibn Adi - Specialized Base for Wahhabism Studies https://www.alwahabiyah.com]

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Historical Figures]]
[[Category:Companions]]

Draft:Hujr ibn Adi - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی