Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
| name = Fidel Castro
| image = فیدل کاسترو.jpg
| full_name = Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz
| other_names = Fidel Castro
| birth_date = 13 August 1926
| birth_place = Birán, Oriente Province, Cuba
| death_date = 25 November 2016
| death_place = Havana, Cuba
| religion =
| denomination =
| notable_works = ''My Early Years'', ''Personal Memoirs of Fidel Castro''
| known_for = {{flatlist|Leader of the Cuban Revolution|Prime Minister of Cuba|President of the Council of State of Cuba}}
| website =
}}

'''Fidel Castro''', whose full name was Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (Spanish: ''Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz''), was a politician, revolutionary, and leader of the Cuban Revolution who from 1959 AD to 2008 AD, was considered the most important political figure of this country. After the overthrow of the Fulgencio Batista government, he first served as Prime Minister and then as President of the Council of State of Cuba, leading the country and implementing socialist policies in Cuba for nearly five decades. Castro is considered one of the most well-known political leaders of the 20th century. His supporters consider him a symbol of the struggle against [[Colonialism]], imperialism, and the dominance of the [[United States]], while his opponents describe his government as a single-party system restrictive of political freedoms. His tenure was accompanied by events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, strategic rapprochement with the Soviet Union, and extensive US sanctions against Cuba.

== Biography ==

Fidel Castro was born on 13 August 1926 AD, in the town of Birán in Oriente Province, Cuba, into a wealthy family. His father, Ángel Castro, was a Spanish immigrant who amassed considerable wealth through investment in the agriculture and sugarcane transportation industry. His mother, Lina Ruz González, was also of Spanish descent. Castro spent his elementary years in [[Catholic Church]] schools and then went to Santiago de Cuba for further education. After completing secondary school, he entered the University of Havana and studied law. His student years played an important role in shaping his political character, and during this period he became familiar with nationalist, anti-colonial, and justice-seeking ideas.

== Political Activities ==

Castro's political activity began in the late 1940s AD. In 1947 AD, he participated in the efforts of opponents of the government of Rafael Trujillo, the dictator of the Dominican Republic, and a year later was present in the unrest in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. These experiences further directed his political outlook towards fighting authoritarian governments and the influence of the United States. In 1951 AD, Castro joined the Orthodox Party of Cuba and prepared himself to enter the House of Representatives; however, the military coup by Fulgencio Batista changed the country's political process. After the establishment of the military government, he prioritized armed struggle against Batista and took leadership of a group of government opponents.

In July 1953, forces under Castro's command attacked the Moncada Barracks; an operation that faced failure and many members of the group were killed or arrested. Castro was also arrested and sentenced to fifteen years in prison. During the trial, he presented his famous defense entitled ''History Will Absolve Me'', which later became one of the important texts of the Cuban Revolution. After about two years, following the announcement of a general amnesty by Batista, Castro was released from prison and went to [[Mexico]] with his brother Raúl Castro. In this country, he founded the 26th of July Movement and, in cooperation with Ernesto Che Guevara, began organizing guerrilla forces to return to Cuba and overthrow the Batista government.

== Cuban Revolution ==

After settling in Mexico, Fidel Castro, along with his brother Raúl Castro, Ernesto Che Guevara, and a number of Cuban fighters, organized the 26th of July Movement. Members of this movement entered the coasts of Cuba with the ship ''Granma'' in late 1956 AD. Although many of them were killed or captured in the first few days, a group of forces managed to take refuge in the Sierra Maestra mountains and begin guerrilla warfare against the Batista government. Over two years, the 26th of July Movement expanded its scope of influence by attracting popular forces and carrying out guerrilla operations. Finally, on the first day of January 1959 AD, Fulgencio Batista fled Cuba and revolutionary forces led by Castro entered Havana. With the victory of the revolution, the Batista government fell and Fidel Castro became the most important political figure in the country.

== Formation of Government ==

After the victory of the revolution, Castro was initially appointed commander of the armed forces and then in 1959 AD, as Prime Minister of Cuba. The new government, by implementing extensive economic and social reforms, declared large agricultural lands, industries, and many foreign companies national. These policies were welcomed by the low-income segments of society, but caused concern among domestic capitalists and the United States government. In the 1960s AD, the Cuban government established a single-party political system and the Communist Party of Cuba was recognized as the only official party of the country. During this period, extensive programs were implemented to combat illiteracy, develop medical services, provide free education, and expand social services, which are considered among the most important actions of the Castro government.

[[Category:Cuban politicians]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Cuban Revolution]]
[[Category:Leaders of Cuba]]

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== Relations with the United States ==

Relations between Cuba and the United States deteriorated rapidly after the victory of the revolution. The US government, seeing its economic interests in Cuba threatened, imposed economic sanctions against the country and supported opponents of the Castro government. In April 1961 CE, a group of Cuban exiles supported by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) attacked Cuba in the "Bay of Pigs" region. The aim of this operation was to overthrow the Castro government, but government forces defeated the invaders in a short time and the operation ended in failure. This victory strengthened Castro's political position within the country.

== Cuban Missile Crisis ==

In 1962 CE, the Soviet Union, with the consent of the Cuban government, proceeded to deploy nuclear missiles in the country. The discovery of these missiles by the United States placed the world on the brink of direct confrontation between the two superpowers and formed one of the most sensitive crises of the [[Cold War]] era. After several days of intense tension, the crisis ended through negotiations between John F. Kennedy, the US President, and Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union. Based on the agreement between the two parties, Soviet missiles were withdrawn from Cuba and the US also committed not to launch a military attack on the country.

== Domestic Policy ==

During the following decades, the Castro government pursued a state economy and centralized planning policy. Free education and healthcare services, expansion of vaccination, increased literacy rates, and development of the public health system were among the most important social programs of his government. In contrast, restriction of political party activities, media control, arrest of opponents, and limitation of civil liberties were among the most important criticisms raised by domestic opponents and human rights organizations against his government. Castro also provided political and military support to leftist and anti-colonial movements in Latin America and [[Africa|Africa]], turning Cuba into one of the main allies of the Soviet Union in the Western Hemisphere.

== Transfer of Power ==

Fidel Castro temporarily transferred his powers to his brother Raúl Castro on 31 July 2006 CE, due to illness and intestinal surgery. This was the first time since the victory of the Cuban Revolution that he had entrusted the responsibility of running the country to another person. On 24 February 2008 CE, Raúl Castro was officially elected as President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba, and Fidel Castro withdrew his candidacy for a new presidential term.

== Assassination Attempts ==

Fidel Castro's tenure was accompanied by numerous attempts to assassinate him. According to statements by "Fabian Escalante", the former head of the Cuban security apparatus, hundreds of assassination plots were designed against him during Castro's years of rule, the most famous of which were an explosive cigar, an explosive seashell, a diving suit contaminated with toxic materials, and being fed lethal pills. Some Cuban sources have announced the number of these plots as '''638 cases''', although this statistic has not been definitively confirmed by independent researchers and there is disagreement about it. However, Fidel Castro is among the few political leaders in the world for whom numerous reports have been published regarding attempts to assassinate him.

== Political Views ==

Castro is considered one of the prominent figures of the socialist and anti-imperialist movement in the 20th century. He believed that the economic and political dominance of major powers, especially the United States, hindered the independence of Latin American countries. Therefore, his government's foreign policy was based on confronting US influence and expanding cooperation with socialist countries, especially the Soviet Union. He also emphasized the role of the state in providing education, health, and public services and considered the state economy the most appropriate model for achieving social justice. In contrast, his critics have accused the Cuban government of limiting political freedoms, banning the activities of opposition parties, controlling the media, and violating [[human rights]].

== Works ==

In addition to political activities, Fidel Castro left behind numerous works and conversations, some of which have been translated into various languages. Among his most important works are:

* ''My First Years of Life'';
* ''Personal Memoirs of Fidel Castro'';
* A collection of speeches and political messages about the Cuban Revolution, socialism, independence, and international relations.

== Death ==

Fidel Castro died on 25 November 2016 CE (5 Azar 1395 SH) at the age of 90 in Havana. The news of his death was announced by Raúl Castro on Cuban state television. After his death, the Cuban government declared several days of public mourning, and his funeral and burial ceremonies were held with the widespread presence of people and domestic and foreign officials. In Castro's political will, it was emphasized that the Cuban Revolution does not depend on an individual, but is the result of the struggles of the people of this country and must be preserved by future generations.

== Legacy ==
Fidel Castro is considered one of the most influential political leaders of the 20th century. The Cuban Revolution led by him was one of the most important political developments in Latin America and played a significant role in shaping the dynamics of the [[Cold War]]. His domestic and foreign policies remain the subject of historical and political science research, and his personality is evaluated from various aspects by supporters and opponents. Castro's supporters present him as a symbol of independence, social justice, and resistance against foreign domination, while critics consider his government an example of authoritarian and single-party systems.

== See also ==
* [[Mexico]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Human rights]]
* [[United States]]

== References ==
*[https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/644195/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7 "Biography of Fidel Castro, Revolutionary Leader of Cuba", Tabnak website]. Published 27 November 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2026.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Cuba]]
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Draft:Fidel Castro - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی