Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-06-01T11:31:17Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
| title = Burhanuddin Rabbani
| image = Borhanedin.jpg
| name = Burhanuddin Rabbani
| other_names =
| birth_year = 1319 SH
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Afghanistan
| death_year =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion =
| sect =
| works =
| occupation = Interim President of Afghanistan
| website =
}}

'''Burhanuddin Rabbani''' was an Afghan Tajik politician, one of the Mujahideen leaders, leader of the Jamiat-e Islami party, representative of the people of Badakhshan province in the 15th House of Representatives, and the 10th President of [[Afghanistan]]. He was killed in a suicide attack at his home in the Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood of Kabul. At the time of his death, Rabbani was the head of the High Peace Council in Afghanistan and the senior government negotiator with the [[Taliban]] group.

== Biography ==
Rabbani was born on 29 Shahrivar 1319 (20 September 1940) in the city of Faizabad, center of Badakhshan province, [[Afghanistan]]. In Afghanistan, he is also known as Ustad Rabbani and Professor Rabbani.

== Education ==
Rabbani graduated from the Faculty of Sharia (Theology) of Kabul University in 1342 SH, and in 1347 SH, he went to [[Egypt]] to continue his higher education and studied at [[Al-Azhar University|Al-Azhar University]]. In Egypt, he was influenced by the ideas of [[Muslim Brotherhood|Muslim Brotherhood]].

== Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan ==
In 1336 SH, at the Faculty of Sharia of Kabul University, along with other professors of that university such as Professor [[Ghulam Mohammad Niazi]], Sayed Mohammad Musa Tawana, Wafiullah Samiee (the last Minister of Justice of Zahir Shah's government), Professor Mohammad Fazel, Abdulaziz Forough, Sayed Ahmed Tarjuman, they established the Muslim Youth Movement, which with the resignation of Ghulam Mohammad Niazi from its leadership in 1351 SH, Rabbani took over its leadership under the name Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan.

With Mohammad Daoud Khan's coup in 1352 SH, members and supporters of the Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (Ikhwanis) came under pressure from the then regime, which was influenced by the Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. The officers and military personnel who had assisted Mohammad Daoud Khan in the coup belonged to the communist parties of Afghanistan and in those years and in the decade of democracy, they were considered rival fighters; they had conflicts with each other in schools, universities, scientific centers, and government periods. With their rise to power, especially the then Minister of Interior who was a member of the Khalq party, widespread and extensive arrests of their rival Islamist members began in various cities of Afghanistan.

In 1353 SH, Rabbani and a number of other Islamist activists who were being pursued by the Daoud Khan government left Afghanistan and fled to [[Pakistan]]. There, Islamist parties and the government of [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], which had cold relations with the Afghan government over the Pashtunistan issue, hosted them and set about arming the migrants of the Islamic Movement to prepare them to overthrow the Daoud Khan government. However, some leaders of the Islamic Movement, including Rabbani, opposed armed war against the Daoud Khan government; due to the closeness of relations of some circles of the Islamic Movement to the then Pakistan government, more moderate elements of the migrants who were under pressure left Pakistan; Rabbani among them traveled to [[Saudi Arabia]].

== Party Policy ==
His party was one of the strongest political parties alongside other parties opposing the Afghan government. This party had a moderate stance and according to experts on Afghan political issues, since its establishment it has been influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood movement.

Until the end of the Soviet-backed governments, Rabbani was always engaged with them and demanded the withdrawal of former Soviet forces from Afghanistan and handing over the government to the Afghan Mujahideen.

== Presidency ==
After the victory of the Mujahideen and the defeat of the Najibullah Ahmadzai government on 1 Tir 1371 (28 June 1992), according to the agreement of Afghan Mujahideen groups at the Islamabad Conference, he was elected as the second interim President of Afghanistan after the two-month period of Sibghatullah Mojaddedi to prepare the ground for elections during his four-month presidency. However, due to severe wars and violation of agreements by various factions, the ground for elections was not provided, and Rabbani held the Council of Ahl-e Hall wa Aqd in the city of Herat, Afghanistan, with the presence of various figures from different ethnicities and regions of Afghanistan to determine the next president.

The Council of Hall wa Aqd also elected Burhanuddin Rabbani as the first official President of the Mujahideen government in Afghanistan on 9 Dey 1371 (30 December 1992).

== Withdrawal from Kabul ==
The Mujahideen government left Kabul, which was under severe attacks, on 5 Mehr 1375 (26 September 1996), and the city fell to the [[Taliban]]. But Rabbani, who had transferred the government headquarters to the city of Mazar-i-Sharif, was still recognized as the official President of Afghanistan; although gradually his territory became smaller until in the late Taliban government, he only controlled thirty percent of the country's soil and the rest of the points had fallen to the Taliban.

== End of Presidency ==
With the [[United States]] invasion of Afghanistan and the defeat of the Taliban, [[Hamid Karzai]] became the President of the interim government of Afghanistan at the Bonn Conference. Burhanuddin Rabbani officially handed over the government to the Afghan Interim Administration in a formal ceremony on 1 Dey 1380 (22 December 2001).

== Rabbani in Parliament ==
He participated in the Afghan parliamentary elections in 1384 SH and gained membership in the Afghan Parliament as a representative of the people of Badakhshan province<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan/2009/08/090806_ram_profile_rabbani BBC Website]</ref>.

Rabbani supported [[Hamid Karzai]] in the Afghan presidential elections in 1388 SH<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan/2009/08/090806_ram_profile_rabbani BBC Website]</ref>.

== National Front of Afghanistan ==
In 2007, Rabbani formed a front called the National Front with a group of jihadi leaders and former communist parties for the purpose of political reforms in the country. Strengthening the role of civil society, defending human rights, and changing Afghanistan's political system from presidential to parliamentary were some of the prominent demands of this party<ref>[https://www.radiofarda.com/a/f4_national_front_rabbani/386311.html Radio Farda website]</ref>. Following the assassination of Burhanuddin Rabbani, several prominent political figures such as Ahmad Zia Massoud, Mohammad Mohaqiq, and Abdul Rashid Dostum took action to reconstruct this front on 11 November 2011 (20 Aqrab/Aban 1390) and formed the New National Front of Afghanistan, which is also known as the Second National Front<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan/2011/11/111111_k02-afg-national-front.shtml BBC website]</ref>. The leadership of the Second National Front was entrusted to Ahmad Zia Massoud, who is Burhanuddin Rabbani's son-in-law and the brother of [[احمد شاه مسعود|Ahmad Shah Massoud]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan/2011/09/110921_l30_rabbani_replacement BBC website]</ref>.

== Chairmanship of the High Peace Council ==
From 2010 (1389 SH) until the end of his life, he served as the chairman of the High Peace Council of Afghanistan, which was established by decree of Hamid Karzai <ref>[https://www.parsine.com/fa/news/26844/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%AF Parsine Analytical News Website]</ref>.

Following Rabbani's assassination, the responsibility of the High Peace Council was entrusted to his eldest son, Salahuddin Rabbani.

This council is tasked with negotiating with the Taliban group with the aim of achieving lasting peace and finding a peaceful way to end conflicts in Afghanistan.

== Assassination ==
Burhanuddin Rabbani was killed in September 2011 (Shahrivar 1390) as a result of a suicide explosion at his residence<ref>[http://www.presstv.ir/detail/200209.html Press TV website]</ref>

At the time of the bomb explosion, several members of the High Peace Council of Afghanistan were at his residence talking with two Taliban members, when one of the Taliban representatives detonated explosives hidden in his dastar (a turban worn on the head)<ref>[http://www.payam-aftab.com/fa/doc/news/15859/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF Payam-e Aftab website]</ref>.

This Taliban representative had gained access to Mr. Rabbani's house through Masoom Stanikzai, the head of the High Peace Council secretariat, and Rahmatullah Wardak, a member of the council, to talk about peace efforts and negotiations with the Taliban group.

Burhanuddin Rabbani was an opponent of the Taliban and had strongly criticized the Taliban in speeches shortly before his death for using "children" in suicide attacks and conflicts.

One week before his assassination, Rabbani traveled to [[تهران|Tehran]] to participate in a conference titled "Islamic Awakening"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110923181438/http://www.aftabnews.ir/vdcjxievhuqetyz.fsfu.html Aftab News website]</ref>. He was killed in an explosion at his home in Kabul on his birthday (29 Shahrivar) on the eve of his 71st year<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/afghanistan/2011/09/110920_l30_afghanistan_rabanni_killed.shtml BBC website]</ref>.

== Footnotes ==
{{پانویس}}

[[رده:شخصیت‌ها]]
[[رده:شخصیت‌های سیاسی]]
[[رده:سران کشور‌ها]]
[[رده:سران کشور‌های اسلامی]]
[[رده:افغانستان]]

Draft:Burhanuddin Rabbani - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی