Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
| name = Anwar Sadat
| image = انور سادات.jpg
| full_name = Muhammad Anwar Sadat
| other_names =
| birth_year = 1918
| birth_date =
| birth_place = {{hlist|Mit Abu al-Kum village|Monufia Governorate|[[Arab Republic of Egypt|Egypt]] }}
| death_year = 1981
| death_date =
| death_place = [[Cairo]]
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| works =
| occupations = {{hlist|Third President of Egypt|[[Camp David Accords|Camp David Agreement]] and peace with Israel|Egyptian Army }}
| website =
}}
'''Muhammad Anwar Sadat''' was an Egyptian politician and military officer. He served as the third President of the [[Arab Republic of Egypt|Egypt]] from October 15, 1970, until his assassination by the [[Egyptian Islamic Jihad]] on October 6, 1981.
He was the first leader of an Arab country to sign a peace treaty with the state of [[Israel|the Zionist regime]] and to recognize it. As a result of these efforts to establish peace, he was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] by the Nobel Foundation in 1978. Although this treaty was regarded in Western and Israeli public opinion as a significant success for Israel, and Sadat was portrayed as a peacemaker, the majority of Arab and [[Muslim]] public opinion opposed the agreement.
In September 1981, Sadat initiated a crackdown and arrested various political groups in an effort to stabilize and fully control the situation in Egypt. This wave of arrests drew international condemnation outside Egypt.

== Biography of Anwar Sadat ==
Muhammad Anwar Sadat was born on December 25, 1918. During his career in Egypt, he held several positions including Speaker of the Parliament, Vice President, and Prime Minister. He was a member of the [[National Democratic Party (Egypt)|National Democratic Party of Egypt]] and held the military rank of Colonel.

== Early Political Career of Anwar Sadat ==
Anwar Sadat began his political career in 1960 as the Speaker of the Egyptian Parliament, a position he held for nine years. He attained this office during the era of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], and subsequently held other executive roles, including being selected as Vice President in 1969 during Nasser's presidency.

== Camp David Accords ==
[[File:Camp David Accords-2.jpg|thumb|left]]
Following the [[Six-Day War]] between the Arabs and the [[Zionist regime|Israel]], which resulted in the loss of vast territories of [[Palestine]] and Arab lands, Anwar Sadat, the then-President of Egypt, launched a new war against Israel in October 1973 to reclaim the [[Sinai Peninsula]] and compensate for previous Arab defeats.

However, despite initial successes, due to assistance from the [[United States|America]] to Israel, this war also ended in favor of Israel. This time, Anwar Sadat pursued peace and reconciliation with Israel, opening the door to negotiations through an unexpected visit to [[Jerusalem]] in November 1977 and delivering a speech before the Israeli parliament. This peace initiative by Sadat, which was met with anger and hatred throughout the Arab world and led to Egypt's expulsion from the [[Arab League]], culminated in 1979 in a trilateral conference involving [[Carter]], Sadat, and Begin at Camp David, the summer retreat of the U.S. President.

Following the signing of a separate peace treaty with Egypt, which entailed Egypt's formal recognition of Israel, the Israelis evacuated the Sinai Peninsula by the end of 1982. In October 1981, Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt, was assassinated by Captain [[Khalid Islambouli]] due to signing the Camp David Accords, betraying the Arabs and [[Muslim|Muslims]] by recognizing Israel and making concessions to it<ref>See: Mahmoud Taloui, Comprehensive Political Dictionary, pp. 160–161.</ref>. To provide further insight into the background and other dimensions of this issue, the following points are presented: Among the significant political issues historically raised against the deprived nation of [[Palestine]] and in favor of Israel and the usurping [[Judaism|Jewish]] entity was the topic of peace and peace treaties promoted by countries supporting [[Zionism]].

Prior to the proposal of the Camp David peace plan, in 1948 CE (1327 SH), a proposal was announced by the countries of [[Sweden]], America, [[Czechoslovakia]], and [[India]], calling for the establishment of two independent Arab and Jewish states in the land of Palestine—under which the city of Jerusalem would be placed under the trusteeship of the international organization. However, before this proposal could even be implemented, Israel continuously continued its aggressions, such that prior to the major war of 1967 CE (1346 SH), it had occupied approximately 1,036 square kilometers of land and about 1,050 square kilometers of various regions of Palestine through its invading forces.

The deposed Shah in the [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]], at the behest of his master America, alongside [[India]] and [[Czechoslovakia]], advocated a peace plan wherein Muslims and [[Jews]] would live together in a federal state within the land of Palestine! Of course, the support of the deposed Shah and his American allies for the usurping Zionism was not particularly surprising; rather, what is astonishing is the action of the late Anwar Sadat, who participated in the disgraceful Camp David peace directly proposed by [[Carter]] and Begin, ignoring the damages inflicted by the usurping Israel upon Egypt during the era of Gamal Abdel Nasser—damages whose destruction had not yet been repaired—and thereby placing Egypt under American trusteeship.

The following points should be noted to clarify the similarities between the Camp David peace and the [[Fahd Plan]]:
# The core and foundation of both plans was the recognition of the sovereignty, independence, and territorial and political integrity of the [[Zionist regime]].
# Neither the Fahd Plan nor the Camp David peace mentioned the Palestinian liberation organizations as representatives of the deprived people of Palestine; instead, they merely referred to the inhabitants of the West Bank of the [[Jordan River]] and the [[Gaza Strip]], along with the partition of [[Al-Aqsa Mosque|Jerusalem]], which in the Fahd Plan was termed East Jerusalem.
# The [[Camp David Accords|Camp David]] plan proposed a five-year transitional period, whereas the Fahd Plan suggested a period of several months; both plans also mentioned the presence of United Nations forces or forces from other countries.
# Statements by proponents of America clearly indicate that the outcome of the Fahd Plan and Anwar Sadat's peace treaty resembles the peace proposals made by Sweden, Czechoslovakia, and India, all serving the interests of international Zionists.

After the [[death]] of Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1964 CE (1343 SH), Anwar Sadat came to power (310). Subsequently, the traitorous Anwar Sadat invited [[Menachem Begin]], the world-renowned terrorist responsible for the [[Deir Yassin]] massacre of 1948 CE (1327 SH), to Egypt, marking the beginning of the peace process between Egypt and Israel. Following these meetings, in 1981 CE (1360 SH), Yitzhak Navon, the President of Israel, visited Egypt and invited [[Hosni Mubarak]], Sadat's successor, to visit Israel. However, regarding this meeting, Hosni Mubarak stated: "We will face difficulties; however, with the mutual will of Egypt and Israel and American assistance, an agreement will be reached!!"

== Peak of Anwar Sadat's Fame ==
Throughout his tenure, Anwar Sadat engaged in numerous activities related to the peace treaty with Israel and formally recognized the country. For this reason, he was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] by the [[Nobel Foundation]] in 1978, despite widespread opposition from public opinion and the Arab world.

== Assassination of Anwar Sadat ==
All security measures for the annual military parade, held every year on October 6, had been implemented. A variety of heavy and modern military weapons were scheduled to be displayed in this grand parade, and the President, dressed in his finest military uniform tailored especially for him by "Pierre Cardin" in [[London]], was to observe the ceremony with pride and dignity. The uniform fit Anwar so strikingly that, contrary to his usual practice and despite universal advice, Sadat refused to wear a bulletproof vest, fearing it might detract from his elegant appearance in that attire.

Foreign guests, prominent national leaders, and his wife accompanied Anwar Sadat in the special viewing stand. That day was not only significant for the President of Egypt; another individual, along with his companions, was destined to immortalize the October 6, 1981 parade forever in the history of Egypt.

In addition to his tyranny and oppression against his own people, Anwar Sadat had submitted to a disgraceful treaty establishing peace between Israel and Egypt. This occurred in a humiliating atmosphere where even Menachem Begin, the then-Prime Minister of the occupying regime, refused to shake hands with him. Witnessing these degrading images was a profound wound for the Egyptian nation, which had experienced the glorious era of Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Until one of these young men, at the age of 27, decided to restore honor through the blood of Egyptian youth. Someone had to arise to bring this rebellious Pharaoh of Egypt, who acted as a lion toward his people but bowed before foreigners, back to his proper place.

Lieutenant [[Khalid Islambouli|Khalid bin Ahmad Shawqi Islambouli]], affiliated with the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], together with several of his friends, resolved to erase this stain of disgrace from their homeland. Everything was meticulously planned, and they successfully overcame all security obstacles.

Shortly after noon, the parade commenced. Everything proceeded according to plan, and nearly half of the ceremony had been completed. Then came the turn of a truck carrying a Soviet-made 130mm anti-tank gun, which was supposed to pass in front of the presidential stand. However, the vehicle stopped. Some assumed it had broken down and continued along the route.

Sadat, who was carefully observing the scene, moments later found himself facing three men approaching him with weapons. Jehan Sadat, his wife, recounts this moment in her memoirs: "During the military parade, suddenly a truck broke away from the line of artillery vehicles, rushed to the front of the officials' stand, and three men armed with machine guns ran toward the platform. At that very moment, I heard the explosion of a grenade, lost amidst the roar of jets flying overhead. Smoke filled the air; I immediately looked at Anwar, who was now standing and appeared to be ordering his guards: 'Go stop them!' This is the last image I have of my husband."

"Hussein Abbas Muhammad," another accomplice of Khalid, began firing. It was by his bullets that the Egyptian dictator, in his splendid uniform, spent his final moments bleeding. Khalid made every effort to ensure the Pharaoh of Egypt did not escape alive. These images stunned all attendees so profoundly that even the protective guard, equipped with technology costing twenty million dollars, remained paralyzed by shock and unable to move. Minutes later, a helicopter transported Sadat's body to the hospital. Ultimately, these young men achieved their objective.

It did not take long before those involved in the incident were arrested. Among them, five individuals were sentenced to death and brought to court inside iron cages. Upon entering the courtroom, Khalid shouted: "'''Ana Khalid al-Islambouli, ana qatil al-Sadat, ana qatil al-Fir'awn, ana qatil al-Taghut, fi sabil Allah qumna...'''" (I am Khalid al-Islambouli, I am the killer of Sadat, I am the killer of the Pharaoh, I am the killer of the tyrant; we rose for the sake of God...).

Finally, in this same court, their death sentences were confirmed. On April 15, 1982, corresponding to 26 [[Farvardin]] in the year 1361 of the Solar Hijri calendar, these Egyptian youths were executed. None of their bodies were returned to their families; they were buried anonymously in a cemetery.

Part of the [[Will|last testament]] of the martyr Khalid bin Ahmad Shawqi Islambouli states: "We collectively decided to assassinate the Pharaoh of Egypt so that perhaps [[God|Allah]], due to this act, would deliver us from the disgrace of friendship with the Zionists that has engulfed us, and from the spiritual and moral corruption of Sadat and his wife that has become evident in society. '''Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasul Allah''' (I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah)."

The [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], in honor of this Egyptian youth, renamed one of its streets after him.

== See also ==
* [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
* [[Khalid Islambouli]]
* [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
* [[Hosni Mubarak]]
* [[Sinai Peninsula]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* [https://matlabnew.ir/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85/ Biography of Anwar Sadat (Former President of Egypt) and His Wife Jihan...], date of publication: n.d., date accessed: 29 December 2021.
* [https://www.porseman.com/article/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A/145607 Biography of Anwar Sadat – Biography of Khaled El-Islambouli - Porseman Daneshgahian], date of publication: 29 November 2011, date accessed: 29 December 2021.
* [https://www.farsnews.ir/news/14000127000259/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3 Account of the Day the "Pharaoh of Egypt" Was Executed+Photos | Fars News Agency], date of publication: n.d., date accessed: 29 December 2021.

{{Egypt}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Heads of Islamic countries]]
[[Category:Egypt]]

Draft:Anwar Sadat - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی