Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-05-16T10:39:32Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

New page

{{Infobox person
| title = Abu Hamza al-Thumali
| image = ابوحمزه ثمالی.jpg
| name = Thabit ibn Dinar al-Thumali (Abu Hamza al-Thumali)
| other_names =
| birth_year = 65 AH
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Kufa
| death_year = 150 AH
| death_date =
| death_place = [[Medina]]
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| works = {{Horizontal list|Tafsir al-Quran|Kitab al-Nawadir|Risalat al-Huquq an Ali ibn al-Husayn (AS)}}
| activities = Narrator of the Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali
| website =
}}
'''Thabit ibn Dinar''', known as Abu Hamza al-Thumali, was one of the prominent figures of [[Kufa]] and a renowned companion of [[Ali ibn Husayn (Zayn al-Abidin)|Imam Sajjad (AS)]]. He was a master of [[Hadith]], [[Jurisprudence]], and [[Quranic exegesis]], teaching the knowledge of the [[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt (AS)]] to the [[Shia]]s. He learned and narrated a highly virtuous supplication from Imam Sajjad (AS), which is recited during the pre-dawn hours of [[Ramadan]] and has become famous as the '''Supplication of Abu Hamza'''.

== Biography ==
His exact year of birth is not known; however, given that he narrated fromadhan al-Kindi (d. 82 AH), he must have been born before 82 AH. Abu Hamza was from Kufa.

Abu Hamza al-Thumali was a devout and righteous companion of [[Ali ibn Husayn (Zayn al-Abidin)|Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS)]]. He was also a companion of [[Muhammad ibn Ali (al-Baqir)|Imam Muhammad al-Baqir]] and [[Ja'far ibn Muhammad (al-Sadiq)|Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq]] (AS). [[Al-Najashi]] stated: "He was the best of our companions and the most reliable among them in narration and tradition." According to a report from Ali al-Rida, he said: "Abu Hamza in his time was like [[Salman al-Farsi]] in his time." His supplications were answered.

Three of Abu Hamza's sons, namely Hamza, Nuh, and Mansur, were killed in the uprising of [[Zayd ibn Ali|Zayd ibn Ali]]. He died in the year 150 AH.

== Tribe ==
The Al-Muhallab family considered him one of their freed clients (mawali), but [[Al-Najashi]] rejected this claim.
[[Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babawayh al-Qummi|Ibn Babawayh]] regarded him as belonging to the Tayy tribe and the Banu Thu'alah clan, attributing his epithet "al-Thumali" to his residence in the quarter inhabited by the Thumalah clan of the Azd tribe.
Abu Hamza had contact with [[Zayd ibn Ali]] in Kufa and witnessed his call to uprising and his [[martyrdom]] in Kufa.

== Abu Hamza al-Thumali's Encounter with Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) ==
Abu Hamza al-Thumali first met Imam Sajjad (AS) when the Imam traveled from [[Medina]] to [[Kufa]], becoming deeply devoted to him.

He said: "After the Imam performed [[prayer]] in the [[Mosque of Kufa]], I asked him why he had come there. The Imam replied: 'To perform prayer; if people knew the virtue of praying in the Mosque of Kufa, they would crawl on their hands and knees toward it like infants.'"

Then they went together to visit the shrine of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Commander of the Faithful Ali (AS)]]. Along the way, he benefited from the ocean of knowledge of Ali ibn al-Husayn (Zayn al-Abidin).

After the [[visitation]], the Imam returned to [[Medina]] and Abu Hamza to Kufa. Thereafter, Abu Hamza repeatedly traveled with a group of Shia [[jurists]] to visit the shrine of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Commander of the Faithful Ali (AS)]]. During these journeys, he taught his fellow travelers the knowledge of the [[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt]], Quranic exegesis, hadith, and jurisprudence.

== Abu Hamza's Credibility Among Sunnis ==
Although [[Sunni Islam|Sunnis]] rarely narrate from Shia transmitters, especially when the transmitter is particularly associated with the Shia sect, Abu Hamza is among those whose narrations have received considerable attention from them. For instance, [[Ibn Asakir]] cited his reports in various places, [[Ibn Kathir]] frequently relied on his narrations, and [[Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani]] included numerous reports from him in ''al-Aghani''. Among Shia biographers as well, Abu Hamza has been praised and declared trustworthy, with Al-Najashi considering him a reliable (thiqa) narrator.

Regarding his high status, a miracle has been attributed to him: it is said that he recited the supplication taught to him by Imam Sajjad (AS) over his son's broken hand, which immediately healed, to such an extent that Yahya ibn Abdullah, a bone-setter, could not determine which hand had been broken.

== The Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali ==
Through his mystical supplications, devoted acts of worship, nocturnal hymns, obedience to the One Creator, and discipleship in the school of the [[Imams|Imams (peace be upon them)]], Abu Hamza attained spiritual distinction.

Due to his tireless efforts and round-the-clock activities in acquiring knowledge and wisdom, Abu Hamza al-Thumali reached a stage where he assumed a teaching position as a master of hadith, jurisprudence, and exegesis, imparting the teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) to the Shi'a.

Abu Hamza al-Thumali devoted most of his time to [[worship]] and teaching [[Islamic sciences]]. He never neglected to receive spiritual and moral blessings from the presence of the [[Imams|Imams (peace be upon them)]], particularly Imam Zayn al-Abidin (peace be upon him). The chain of transmission of the famous supplication known as "Abu Hamza al-Thumali" indicates that during those luminous nights, Abu Hamza was a companion, confidant, and servant in the presence of the Fourth Imam, Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him).

In this regard, he states: "Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) would engage in prayer throughout the nights of the blessed month of Ramadan until dawn; and when the time of dawn arrived, he would recite the Supplication of Abu Hamza: '''"O God, do not chastise me with Your punishment, nor deceive me with Your stratagem. From where can I obtain good, O Lord, except from You..."'''.
The Supplication of Abu Hamza is lengthy, equivalent to two sections of the [[Holy Quran]]. Its concluding passages end with these mystical themes: '''"... O God, I ask You for a faith that penetrates my heart, and a sincere certainty such that I know nothing shall befall me except what You have decreed for me; and make me content with the livelihood You have allotted me, O Most Merciful of the merciful."'''

=== The Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali ===
Abu Hamza al-Thumali narrated that during the [[month of Ramadan|month of Ramadan]], Ali Zayn al-Abidin would spend most of the night in [[prayer]], and when the time for beginning the [[fast]] arrived, he would recite a supplication which later became known as the Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali. This [[supplication]] is recorded in the book ''Misbah al-Mutahajjid'' by [[Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi|Shaykh al-Tusi]].

== Works ==
# The book ''Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim'' (an exegesis of the [[Quran]]).
# The book ''al-Nawadir'' (a book concerning rare narrations).
# The book ''al-Zuhd'' (The Book of Asceticism).
# ''Risalat al-Huquq'' from Ali ibn al-Husayn.

== Characteristics of Abu Hamza's Exegesis ==
In some books, reference is made to the book of Abu Hamza's exegesis, while in others it is cited as ''Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim''. In Abu Hamza's exegesis, unlike other transmitted commentaries, fewer ''mursal'' hadiths are found. Abu Hamza paid attention to the occasions of [[revelation]] and, while emphasizing the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), employed the method of interpreting the Quran by the Quran. He also gave special attention to [[ijtihad]], variant readings, lexicography, grammar, and the transmission of diverse opinions regarding the meanings of verses.

== Several Narrations Concerning the Greatness of Abu Hamza's Status ==
* One day, Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said to him: "Whenever I see you, I feel tranquility."
* Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: "Abu Hamza in his time was like [[Salman al-Farisi|Salman]] in his time."
* [[Ali ibn Musa al-Rida|Imam al-Rida (peace be upon him)]] said: "Abu Hamza al-Thumali in his time was like [[Luqman the Wise]] in his time."

== See Also ==
* [[Kufa]]
* [[Jurisprudence]]
* [[Great Mosque of Kufa]]

== References ==
* [https://www.beytoote.com/religious/bozorgan-din/biography1-abuhamza2-thamali.html Adapted from the website: Biography of Abu Hamza al-Thumali, one of the companions of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) - Beytoote], date of publication: n.d., date of access: 15 March 2022 (24 Esfand 1400 SH).

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Historical figures]]

Draft:Abu Hamza al-Thumali - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی