Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-09-28T11:45:02Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
| name = Abdullah ibn Abbas
| image = عبدالله ابن عباس.jpg
| full_name = Abdullah ibn Abbas ibn [[Abd al-Muttalib]]
| other_names = Abu al-Abbas, Ibn Abbas, Hibr al-Ummah, Bahr
| birth_date = c. 619 CE (3 years before Hijrah)
| birth_place = [[Shi'b Abi Talib]]
| death_date = 68 or 69 AH (c. 687 or 688 CE)
| death_place = [[Taif]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| notable_works = {{flatlist|Tafsir Ibn Abbas|Tafsir Jaludi Kitab|Al-Tanzil Kitab al-Qira'at|Al-Nasikh wa al-Mansukh|Gharib al-Quran|Masail Nafi ibn Azraq}}
| occupation = {{plainlist|Companion of Imam Ali, Imam Hasan, and Imam Husayn|Governor of [[Basra]]}}
}}

'''Abdullah ibn Abbas''', known as <big>Ibn Abbas</big>, was the cousin of the Noble Prophet of Islam. He is respected by both [[Shia]] and [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], and his sayings are frequently found in the exegetical and theological texts of both groups.

Ibn Abbas spent most of his life with [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)]]. Despite this, he was also considered a consultant and confidant of [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]], the second Caliph. He possessed numerous exegetical narrations, was a student and consultant of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (peace be upon him)]]. He was a [[Muhaddith]], [[Mufassir]], and [[Faqih]] of early Islam and among the youngest companions of the Prophet. He lived until the time of [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him)]] and was among the companions of the Imams (peace be upon them).

== Lineage of Ibn Abbas ==
Abdullah ibn Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf was the cousin of the Prophet. His mother was Lubaba daughter of Harith, and his kunya was Abu al-Abbas<ref>''Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'', Vol. 3, p. 332</ref>.

== Birth of Ibn Abbas ==
There is disagreement regarding his birth date, but the famous view is that Ibn Abbas was born three years before the [[Hijrah]] in [[Shi'b Abi Talib]]<ref>''Usd al-Ghabah'', Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Vol. 3, p. 193</ref>.

== Era of the Prophet ==
[[Al-Dhahabi]] writes: "Abdullah ibn Abbas was with the Prophet for more than thirty months<ref>''Sunan Ibn Majah'', Hadith 166; ''Hilyat al-Awliya'', Vol. 1, p. 315; Al-Tabarani, ''Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir'', Vol. 10, p. 293, Vol. 11, p. 345; Al-Hindi, ''Kanz al-Ummal'', Hadith 33586</ref>."

According to historical narrations, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) prayed for Abdullah ibn Abbas; as mentioned in hadith and historical books, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) said to Ibn Abbas: "O Allah, teach him wisdom<ref>''Kitab al-Thiqat'', Vol. 3, p. 207, Vol. 1, p. 315; ''Sifat al-Safwah'', Vol. 1, p. 323</ref>."

In another place, he said: "O Allah, bless him and spread [knowledge] from him<ref>''Hilyat al-Awliya'', Vol. 1, p. 316. Ibn al-Jawzi in another narration from the Prophet writes: "O Allah, give him understanding in religion and teach him interpretation." ''Sifat al-Safwah'', Vol. 1, p. 233</ref>."

It has also been narrated that [[Muhammad|Noble Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] placed his blessed hand on Ibn Abbas's head and said: "O Allah, grant him wisdom and teach him interpretation<ref>''Tarikh Khalifa ibn Khayyat'', p. 117; ''Al-Isti'ab'', Vol. 3, p. 70; ''Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'', Vol. 3, p. 353; Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi, ''Al-Ibar'', Vol. 1, p. 30; ''Al-Wafi bi-al-Wafayat'', Vol. 17, p. 234</ref>."

Ibn Abbas's age at the time of the Prophet's demise (peace be upon him and his progeny) is reported in historical books between 10 to 15 years<ref>''Sifat al-Safwah'', Vol. 1, p. 323; ''Usd al-Ghabah'', Vol. 3, p. 193</ref>."

== Belief in the Twelve Imams ==
Ata' says: "We, thirty elders of Taif, entered upon Abdullah ibn Abbas during his death illness. He had become weak. We greeted him and sat down. Ibn Abbas asked me: 'Ata', who are these?' I said: 'Sir, these are the elders of the city, including Abdullah ibn Salama ibn Hadrami al-Taifi, Imara ibn Abi al-Ajlah, and Thabit ibn Malik.'

I named them one by one, and they approached him and said: 'O cousin of the Messenger of God! You saw the Messenger of God and heard his words. What did he say regarding the disagreement of this Ummah? Some have prioritized [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali]] over others, and others have placed him after three men?'

Ibn Abbas sighed and said: 'I heard the Messenger of God say: "Ali is with the Truth and the Truth is with Ali. He is the Imam and successor after me; whoever holds fast to him will be saved and delivered, and whoever disobeys his command will be astray. Yes, he will [[shroud|shroud]] me and perform my [[ritual washing|ritual washing]] and pay my debts. He is the father of my two grandsons, [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]], and the 9 Imams are from the lineage of Husayn, and the Mahdi of this Ummah is from us".'

Abdullah ibn Salama ibn Hadrami said: 'O cousin of the Messenger of God! Why did you not tell us these things before?' He said: 'By God [[oath|oath]]! I conveyed what I heard and advised you, but you do not like advisors!'

Then he said: 'O Servants of God! Fear God as one who does not take lesson from this matter should... Do something for the Hereafter before death arrives, and hold fast to the firm rope of your Prophet's progeny, for I heard him say: "Whoever holds fast to my family after me is among the saved."'

Then he wept intensely, and those present said: 'Do you weep despite this status you have relative to the Messenger of God?' He turned to me and said: 'O Ata'! I weep for two things: fear of the Resurrection and separation from friends!'

Then the people dispersed, and Ibn Abbas said to me: 'O Ata'! Take my hand and bring me to the courtyard of the house.' Then he raised his hands to the sky and said: 'O Lord! I seek nearness to You through [[Ahl al-Bayt|Muhammad and the Ahl al-Bayt]]. O Lord! I seek nearness to You through my master [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]].' He repeated this phrase until he fell to the ground. After waiting for an hour, we lifted him and saw that he had closed his eyes to the world<ref>Ibn Khazzaz Qumi, ''Kifayat al-Athar'', pp. 10–22; Abu Amr al-Kashshi, ''Ikhtiyar Ma'rifat al-Rijal'', p. 56, No. 106; ''Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays al-Hilali'', pp. 231–238</ref>."

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[fa:عبدالله ابن عباس]]

==Scholarly Status of Ibn Abbas==

In some [[hadith|hadiths]] it is stated that the Prophet, while making [[supplication]] for Ibn Abbas, asked God to teach him the knowledge of [[Quranic exegesis|ta'wil of the Quran]]<ref>Jafri, Muqaddamatan fi Ulum al-Quran, p. 5354</ref>.

Ibn Abbas is the most famous interpreter of the Quran in the first [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]] century. He says: I owe the knowledge of interpretation to Ali ibn Abi Talib. What I know compared to his knowledge is like a drop compared to an ocean<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, 1378 AH, vol. 1, p. 19</ref>. His scholarly status was such that among the [[Companions]] and [[Successors]], when there was disagreement in [[Quranic exegesis]], his word was given precedence<ref>Al-Dhahabi, Al-Tafsir wa al-Mufassirun, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 51</ref>.

Mujahid calls Ibn Abbas's method of interpretation the Meccan school of interpretation<ref>Nowfal Mujahid, Al-Mufassir wa al-Tafsir, 1411 AH, vol. 1, pp. 272–273</ref>. He was the first person to bring evidence from ancient Arab poetry to explain Quranic vocabulary<ref>Aqiqi Bakhshayishi, Tabakat Mufassiran Shia, 2008 CE, p. 792</ref>. Al-Dhahabi introduces him as one of the great sources of [[jurisprudence]], [[hadith]], and [[exegesis]]<ref>Al-Dhahabi, vol. 3, p. 331</ref>.

According to Al-Dhahabi and Zirikli, Ibn Abbas has narrated 1,660 hadiths<ref>Zirikli, Al-A'lam, 1989 CE, vol. 4, p. 95</ref>. [[Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari|Bukhari]] narrated 120 hadiths and Muslim 9 hadiths from him. A large part of the narrations predicting the caliphate of Banu Abbas is attributed to him<ref>Al-Baladhuri, Jumal min Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 4, p. 63</ref>.

Ibn Abbas has narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]], [[Umar]], [[Muadh ibn Jabal]], and [[Abu Dharr]]<ref>Ibn Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 3, p. 188</ref>. Many people have narrated from him, including:

*Ali ibn Husayn
*Abdullah ibn Umar
*Anas ibn Malik
*Abu al-Tufayl
*Abu Umamah ibn Sahl ibn Hunayf
*Kathir ibn Abbas
*Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas
*Ikrimah
*Wahb ibn Munabbih
*Urwah ibn Zubayr
*Sa'id ibn Musayyib
*Amr ibn Dinar
*Mujahid
*Ubayd ibn Umayr
*Muhammad ibn Ka'b
*Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah
*Sulayman ibn Yasar...<ref>Ibn Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 188</ref>.

==Ibn Abbas's Status in Narrating Hadiths==

Ibn Abbas strove greatly in seeking knowledge and collecting the hadiths of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) after his death<ref>Al-Isabah, vol. 4, p. 125</ref>. Al-Dhahabi writes: "Ibn Abbas narrated more than 1,660 hadiths, of which Bukhari narrated 120 hadiths and [[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|Muslim]] only 9 hadiths from him<ref>Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, vol. 3, p. 359</ref>."

==Death of Ibn Abbas==

Ibn Abbas lived in [[Mecca]] in his later years, when he faced the battle between [[Abdullah ibn Zubayr]] and [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]]. Abdullah ibn Zubayr asked for his [[pledge of allegiance]] but Ibn Abbas refused; thus [[Ibn Zubayr]] expelled him from Mecca and sent him to [[Ta'if]]<ref>Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 110; Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, vol. 3, p. 353</ref>.

There is disagreement about the date of Ibn Abbas's death, but the famous view is that Ibn Abbas passed away in the year 68 AH (687 CE) and at the age of 70 in the city of Ta'if, and [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah]] performed [[funeral prayer]] over him and buried his body there<ref>Sifat al-Safwah, vol. 1, p. 323</ref>.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Companions]]
[[Category:Quranic Exegetes]]

[[fa:عبدالله بن عباس]]

Draft:Abdullah ibn Abbas - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی